Micellar Characterisation of Saponin from Sapindus Mukorossi
TL;DR: The micellar characteristics of a non-ionic, natural surfactant, saponin obtained from the soapnut tree, Sapindus mukorossi, were studied in aqueous solution as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The micellar characteristics of a non-ionic, natural surfactant, saponin obtained from the soapnut tree, Sapindus mukorossi, were studied in aqueous solution. Critical micelle concentration of Sapindus saponin determined using conductivity measurements and UV absorption studies was 0.045 wt%. Increase in temperature and salt concentration led to decrease in the critical micelle concentration of Sapindus saponin. The critical micelle concentration was found to increase with increase in hardness of water and increase in pH. The micellar aggregation number was determined using cyclic voltammetry and was found to be between 13 and 21. The size of the Sapindus saponin micelles was determined using intrinsic viscosity measurements and was found to be independent of saponin concentration for concentrations above the CMC. Solubilisation of two types of crude oils and a vegetable oil was studied using micellar solubilisation technique. At lower concentrations of the surfactant, the micellar solubilisation...
Citations
More filters
TL;DR: The structure activity relationship of saponins regarding hemolysis and cancer cell death is examined and a critical analysis of these findings speculates on their potential to further develop new anticancer compounds.
Abstract: Saponins, amphiphiles of natural origin with numerous biological activities, are widely used in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry. Some saponins exhibit relatively selective cytotoxic effects on cancer cells but the tendency of saponins to induce hemolysis limits their anticancer potential. This review focused on the effects of saponin activity on membranes and consequent implications for red blood and cancer cells. This activity seems to be strongly related to the amphiphilic character of saponins that gives them the ability to self-aggregate and interact with membrane components such as cholesterol and phospholipids. Membrane interactions of saponins with artificial membrane models, red blood and cancer cells are reviewed with respect to their molecular structures. The review considered the mechanisms of these membrane interactions and their consequences including the modulation of membrane dynamics, interaction with membrane rafts, and membrane lysis. We summarized current knowledge concerning the mechanisms involved in the interactions of saponins with membrane lipids and examined the structure activity relationship of saponins regarding hemolysis and cancer cell death. A critical analysis of these findings speculates on their potential to further develop new anticancer compounds.
160 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the use of plant-based natural surfactants as biodegradable and renewable alternatives to synthetic surfactant for domestic and industrial purpose has been investigated and the results obtained suggest that both Ritha and Pyagi Phool have remarkable surface active properties and can be used as environmental friendly alternatives to Synthetic Surfactants.
85 citations
TL;DR: The solubilization efficiency of single surfactants shows that reetha is less effective than TX-100, similar to SDBS, and more than AOT and SOS, while mixed surfactant systems show negative deviation in molar solubILization ratio (MSR) from ideality.
Abstract: Solubilization efficiencies of naphthalene by micellar solution of a plant-based surfactant extracted from fruit of Sapindus mukorossi (reetha) and the synthetic surfactants like nonionic (Triton X-100 or TX-100), cationic (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide or CTAB), and anionic (sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate or SDBS; dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate or AOT; sodium octanesulfonate or SOS) in their single and as well as binary mixed (plant−synthetic) systems were measured and compared. The solubilization efficiency of single surfactants shows that reetha is less effective than TX-100, similar to SDBS, and more than AOT and SOS. The mixed surfactant systems show negative deviation in molar solubilization ratio (MSR) from ideality. The ascending order of percent change in MSR (ΔMSR) is TX-100−reetha < CTAB−reetha < SDBS−reetha < AOT−reetha < SOS−reetha. The mixed micellar solution for a particular combination also shows that ΔMSR is more negative when the interaction parameter for the mixed micelle (β) is more ne...
71 citations
01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: In this paper, the surface active properties and antioxidant activity of extracts prepared from Sapindus mukorossi, Verbascum densiflorum, Equisetum arvense, Betula pendula and Bellis perennis have been studied.
Abstract: Biosurfactants have great advantages as an eco-friendly alternative to synthetic surfactants. Surface active properties and antioxidant activity of extracts prepared from Sapindus mukorossi, Verbascum densiflorum, Equisetum arvense, Betula pendula and Bellis perennis have been studied. The extract from Sapindus mukorossi served as a standard because it belongs to the most widely used natural surfactants. The surface active properties of these nonionic surfactants were also compared with the properties of common synthetic surfactants such as sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and Tween® 80. In many cases, the plant-derived surfactants showed better properties than the synthetic ones, e.g. minimum critical micelle concentration values were observed for E. arvense (0.033 g L−1), B. perennis (0.076 g L−1), or minimum surface tension reached for the extract of B. perennis (36.8 mN m−1).
56 citations
Cites background from "Micellar Characterisation of Saponi..."
...Zhou et al. (2013) reported the same cmc value for Tween 80 (0.040 g L−1); Balakrishnan et al. (2006) determined the cmc value of S. mukorossi (0.450 g L−1); also SLS with its cmc values has been described in many papers (Zdziennicka et al., 2012; Li et al., 2013a; Khan & Shah, 2008)....
[...]
TL;DR: Microwave-extracted saponin-stabilized PS particles were able to lead to latexes as stable as standard PS latex, as shown by the CMC and CCC measurements.
51 citations
References
More filters
Book•
01 Jan 1965
1,190 citations
"Micellar Characterisation of Saponi..." refers background in this paper
...The absorption maximum at 271 nm may be due to the presence of aromatic ring structure in Sapindus saponin [19]....
[...]
TL;DR: These studies suggest that knowledge of surfactants' behaviour across different systems is paramount before their use in the practical application of oil removal, due to the low crude oil solubilization of 0.11%.
370 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, surface tension and dye solubilization measurements were used to demonstrate that quillaja saponin molecules aggregate into micelles above a critical micelle concentration (cmc), whose value ranges between 0.5 and 0.8 g/L at 298 K.
Abstract: We used surface tension and dye solubilization measurements to demonstrate that quillaja saponin molecules aggregate into micelles above a critical micelle concentration (cmc), whose value ranges between 0.5 and 0.8 g/L at 298 K. Below the cmc, this surfactant forms a saturated interfacial layer with 2 μmol/m2. Increased temperature or pH increases the cmc, while increased salt concentration decreases this value. The size of saponin micelles was found to increase strongly with temperature but to have little dependence on salt concentration or pH. The effect of increased temperature on size is accompanied by a decrease in intrinsic viscosity, suggesting substantial dehydration of the micelles at higher temperatures. We also observed some differences between quillaja saponins obtained from various commercial sources. The knowledge gained from these studies of quillaja saponin solutions is useful in exploring their ability to extract solutes of biological significance and for understanding the functioning of...
228 citations
TL;DR: An evaluation of the conceptual bases of different methodologies commonly used for cmc determination is made, since variations in the results obtained can be related mainly to different intrinsic features of the methods used (such as sensitivity or the need to include tracers or probes) or to the operational cmc definition applied.
151 citations