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Proceedings Article•DOI•

Micro-grid operation and control of Photo-Voltaic power with canal based small hydro power plant

Dushyant Sharma1, Sukumar Mishra1, J. Nanda1•
Indian Institute of Technology Delhi1
01 Nov 2016-pp 1289-1293
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the control of small hydro power plants and photo-voltaic (PV) power of similar ratings operating together in a micro-grid, where the SHP using synchronous machine is provided with integral controller and mechanical governor for frequency regulation in the microgrid.
Abstract: Solar panels installed over canals provide various advantages like excess power due to less temperature, reduction in the quantity of water loss due to evaporation etc. Water running in the canals also provides a source for small hydro power plants (SHP). This paper presents the control of SHP and Photo-Voltaic (PV) power of similar ratings operating together in a micro-grid. Limits imposed on hydraulic turbines due to cavitation have been considered. The SHP using synchronous machine is provided with integral controller and mechanical governor for frequency regulation in the micro-grid. The PV is maintained to operate at its maximum power. For part loading conditions, the PV is operated in de-rating mode so as to avoid operating the hydraulic turbine below manufacturer's operating limits and to maintain the desired system frequency. Non-linear models of the governor, SHP and the PV has been considered in the study.
Citations
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Proceedings Article•DOI•
Design and implementation of electronic load controller for small hydro power plants

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Ubaid ur Rehman1, Muhammad Riaz1•
University of Lahore1
01 Mar 2018
TL;DR: The aim of this project was to develop a device which may allow the generator to generate power at full-load capacity and provide the required power to the consumers, as well as diverting the surplus power to connected dumping loads.
Abstract: Electronic Load Contrloller (ELC) is an electronic device which is designed for power management in micro-hydro power plants. This project investigates the requirements of the regulatory mechanism in the off-grid stand alone hydro power generation systems in the range of 5kW–100kW, where there is no concept of speed governors. The aim of this project was to develop a device which may allow the generator to generate power at full-load capacity and provide the required power to the consumers, as well as diverting the surplus power to connected dumping loads. This system is tested both in software and hardware. For software simulations were carried out on Proteus & SIMULINK, while the hardware was implemented by using PIC and ARM Cortex controllers. The working model in both software and hardware yielded appreciable and positive results. Testing and verification showed that it is possible to keep the generator operating at a constant full-load capacity and manage only the output as per the user's requirement. This yielded the added advantage of a constant mechanical speed of rotation and hence a constant power quality of the generator is achieved. Furthermore, the techniques used for frequency sensing and switching ensured an accurate reading of the frequency and absence of harmonics while switching.

5 citations

Cites background from "Micro-grid operation and control of..."

  • ...R. Ribeiro “Electronic load controller of a micro-hydro generator for stand-alone operation” 2013 Brazilian Power Electronics Conference [3] Swagat Pati; K. B. Mohanty; Abhijeet Choudhury; Sanjeeb Kar “Integration and power control of a micro-hydro-PV-wind based hybrid microgrid” 2017 International Conference on Circuit ,Power and Computing Technologies (ICCPCT) [4] Dushyant Sharma; Sukumar Mishra; Janardan Nanda “Micro-grid operation and control of Photo-Voltaic power with canal based small hydro power plant” 2016 IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON) [5] Swati Rawat; Bhola Jha; Manoj Kumar Panda; Bibhuti Bhusan Rath “Load frequency control of a renewable hybrid power system with simple fuzzy logic controller” 2016 International Conference on Computing, Communication and Automation (ICCCA) [6] Sunil Singh; Murari Lal Azad; Atul Kumar “Electronic load controllers for self excited induction generator” 2016 International Conference on Innovation and Challenges in Cyber Security (ICICCS-INBUSH) [7] Rojesh Dahal; Shailendra Kumar Jha; Brijesh Adhikary “Performance of droop based load controller in interconnected micro hydro power plants” 2016 4th International Conference on the Development in the in Renewable Energy Technology (ICDRET) [8] Netra Gyawali; Bikram Paudel; Baburam Subedi “Improved active power sharing strategy for ELC Controlled Synchronous Generators Based Islanded Micro Grid application” 2015 9th International Conference on Software, Knowledge, Information Management and Applications (SKIMA) [9] Swati Rawat; Shailendra Singh; Kshitij Gaur “Load frequency control of a hybrid renewable power system with fuel cell system” 2014 6th IEEE Power India International Conference (PIICON) [10] P. Janardhan Reddy; S. P. Singh “Voltage and frequency control of parallel operated synchronous and induction generators in micro hydro scheme” 2014 International Conference on Computation of Power, Energy, Information and Communication (ICCPEIC) [11] Sukhwinder Singh Dhillon; Sanjay Marwaha; Jagdeep Singh Lather “Robust load frequency control of micro grids connected with main grids in a regulated and deregulated environment” nternational Conference on Recent Advances and Innovations in Engineering (ICRAIE-2014) [12] wan Setiawan; Ardyono Priyadi; Mauridhi Hery Purnomo” Controlling of non-minimum phase micro hydro power plant based on adaptive BSpline neural network” 2013 International Conference on Information Technology and Electrical Engineering (ICITEE) [13] Monik a Jain; Sushma Gupta; Deepika Masand; Gayatri Agnihotri “Analysis of a micro grid under transient conditions using VF controller” 2012 IEEE Fifth Power India Conference [14] S. S. Murthy; Rini Jose; Bhim Singh “A practical load controller for stand alone small hydro systems using self excited induction generator” 1998 International Conference on Power Electronic Drives and Energy Systems for Industrial Growth, 1998....

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  • ...Mohanty; Abhijeet Choudhury; Sanjeeb Kar “Integration and power control of a micro-hydro-PV-wind based hybrid microgrid” 2017 International Conference on Circuit ,Power and Computing Technologies (ICCPCT) [4] Dushyant Sharma; Sukumar Mishra; Janardan Nanda “Micro-grid operation and control of Photo-Voltaic power with canal based small hydro power plant” 2016 IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON) [5] Swati Rawat; Bhola Jha; Manoj Kumar Panda; Bibhuti Bhusan Rath “Load frequency control of a renewable hybrid power system with simple fuzzy logic controller” 2016 International Conference on Computing, Communication and Automation (ICCCA) [6] Sunil Singh; Murari Lal Azad; Atul Kumar “Electronic load controllers for self excited induction generator” 2016 International Conference on Innovation and Challenges in Cyber Security (ICICCS-INBUSH) [7] Rojesh Dahal; Shailendra Kumar Jha; Brijesh Adhikary “Performance of droop based load controller in interconnected micro hydro power plants” 2016 4th International Conference on the Development in the in Renewable Energy Technology (ICDRET) [8] Netra Gyawali; Bikram Paudel; Baburam Subedi “Improved active power sharing strategy for ELC Controlled Synchronous Generators Based Islanded Micro Grid application” 2015 9th International Conference on Software, Knowledge, Information Management and Applications (SKIMA) [9] Swati Rawat; Shailendra Singh; Kshitij Gaur “Load frequency control of a hybrid renewable power system with fuel cell system” 2014 6th IEEE Power India International Conference (PIICON) [10] P....

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  • ...For efficient and safe operation of electric appliances, voltage level and frequency are required to be maintained within tolerable limits [4]....

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Proceedings Article•DOI•
Dynamic Energy Management on Smart Micro Grid along with Generation Control

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Soubhagya K1, Prasanna Vadana D1, Sasi K. Kottayil1•
Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham1
01 Dec 2018
TL;DR: The main objective of this work is to enhance the operation of DEMS on an islanded Smart Micro Grid by facilitating the hydropower plant with a governor control and also to inspect the different Demand Response Programs (DRP) when load management (LM) is performed.
Abstract: This paper deals with the investigation of generation side management along with Dynamic Energy Management System (DEMS), which includes energy storage management and load management. The generation side management is accomplished with a governor control system on a hydro power plant and it is dynamically varied to handle the adverse conditions of frequency when operated in islanded mode. The main objective of this work is to enhance the operation of DEMS on an islanded Smart Micro Grid (SMG) by facilitating the hydropower plant with a governor control in turn investigate the operation of energy storage modules and also to inspect the different Demand Response Programs (DRP) when load management (LM) is performed.

4 citations

Cites background from "Micro-grid operation and control of..."

  • ...The system frequency is maintained constant by eliminating the mismatch between generation and load [14]-[16]....

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References
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Book•
Power System Stability and Control

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P. Kundur
01 Jan 1994
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a model for the power system stability problem in modern power systems based on Synchronous Machine Theory and Modelling, and a model representation of the synchronous machine representation in stability studies.
Abstract: Part I: Characteristics of Modern Power Systems. Introduction to the Power System Stability Problem. Part II: Synchronous Machine Theory and Modelling. Synchronous Machine Parameters. Synchronous Machine Representation in Stability Studies. AC Transmission. Power System Loads. Excitation in Stability Studies. Prime Mover and Energy Supply Systems. High-Voltage Direct-Current Transmission. Control of Active Power and Reactive Power. Part III: Small Signal Stability. Transient Stability. Voltage Stability. Subsynchronous Machine Representation in Stability Studies. AC Transmission. Power System Loads. Excitation in Stability Studies. Prime Mover and Energy Supply Systems, High-Voltage Direct-Current Transmission. Control of Active Power and Reactive Power. Part III: Small Signal Stability. Transient Stability. Voltage Stability. Subsynchronous Oscillations. Mid-Term and Long-Term Stability. Methods of Improving System Stability.

13,467 citations

"Micro-grid operation and control of..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...The change in turbine power required to meet the electrical load is achieved by the use of mechanical governor whose non-linear model [13] is shown in Fig....

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Journal Article•DOI•
Comparison of Photovoltaic Array Maximum Power Point Tracking Techniques

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Trishan Esram1, Patrick L. Chapman1•
University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign1
21 May 2007-IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion
TL;DR: The many different techniques for maximum power point tracking of photovoltaic (PV) arrays are discussed in this paper, and at least 19 distinct methods have been introduced in the literature, with many variations on implementation.
Abstract: The many different techniques for maximum power point tracking of photovoltaic (PV) arrays are discussed. The techniques are taken from the literature dating back to the earliest methods. It is shown that at least 19 distinct methods have been introduced in the literature, with many variations on implementation. This paper should serve as a convenient reference for future work in PV power generation.

5,022 citations

"Micro-grid operation and control of..." refers background or methods in this paper

  • ...This way the operating voltage oscillates around the MPP voltage and maximum power is obtained from the PV panel [8]....

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  • ...To ensure maximum PV power various maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms are available in the literature [8], a simplest of them, Perturb and Observe (P&O), is considered in this study....

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Journal Article•DOI•
A Control Methodology and Characterization of Dynamics for a Photovoltaic (PV) System Interfaced With a Distribution Network

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Amirnaser Yazdani1, Prajna Paramita Dash1•
University of Western Ontario1
12 May 2009-IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a control strategy for a single-stage, three-phase, photovoltaic (PV) system that is connected to a distribution network.
Abstract: This paper proposes a control strategy for a single-stage, three-phase, photovoltaic (PV) system that is connected to a distribution network. The control is based on an inner current-control loop and an outer DC-link voltage regulator. The current-control mechanism decouples the PV system dynamics from those of the network and the loads. The DC-link voltage-control scheme enables control and maximization of the real power output. Proper feedforward actions are proposed for the current-control loop to make its dynamics independent of those of the rest of the system. Further, a feedforward compensation mechanism is proposed for the DC-link voltage-control loop, to make the PV system dynamics immune to the PV array nonlinear characteristic. This, in turn, permits the design and optimization of the PV system controllers for a wide range of operating conditions. A modal/sensitivity analysis is also conducted on a linearized model of the overall system, to characterize dynamic properties of the system, to evaluate robustness of the controllers, and to identify the nature of interactions between the PV system and the network/loads. The results of the modal analysis confirm that under the proposed control strategy, dynamics of the PV system are decoupled from those of the distribution network and, therefore, the PV system does not destabilize the distribution network. It is also shown that the PV system dynamics are not influenced by those of the network (i.e., the PV system maintains its stability and dynamic properties despite major variations in the line length, line X/R ratio, load type, and load distance from the PV system).

344 citations

"Micro-grid operation and control of..." refers background in this paper

  • ...The PV current, iPV, is given by (1) [12]....

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Journal Article•DOI•
A Seamless Control Methodology for a Grid Connected and Isolated PV-Diesel Microgrid

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Sukumar Mishra1, Deepak Ramasubramanian1, P. C. Sekhar1•
Indian Institute of Technology Delhi1
21 May 2013-IEEE Transactions on Power Systems
TL;DR: In this article, a seamless control methodology has been proposed for a photo voltaic (PV)-diesel generator (DG) microgrid to operate both in the grid connected and islanded mode.
Abstract: In this paper, a seamless control methodology has been proposed for a photo voltaic (PV)-diesel generator (DG) microgrid to operate both in the grid connected and islanded mode It does not require any islanding detection mechanism, to change the control philosophy from the grid connected mode to the islanded mode A second order sliding mode control has been used to control the voltage source converter of the PV source whose set points have been generated by PI controllers The maximum power point tracking algorithm for the PV system has been augmented with an auxiliary signal obtained using the electrical power output of the DG to reduce the output power of the PV system for economical operation of the DG unit The DG unit is regulated with the frequency of the microgrid while the inverter used in the PV system regulates the voltage at the point of common coupling Similarly, if the DG is uncontrollable due to any reason, the PV system is further added with an auxiliary signal based on the frequency deviation to maintain frequency stability Simulation of the system has been carried out in MATLAB/SIMULINK with different levels of insolation and load to verify the proposed control scheme

86 citations

"Micro-grid operation and control of..." refers background in this paper

  • ...A similar coordinated control has been developed by the authors in [9]; where a diesel generator and PV power is controlled in both isolated and grid connected mode depending on the load (and grid) scenarios....

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Journal Article•DOI•
Energy return on investment (EROI) of mini-hydro and solar PV systems designed for a mini-grid

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Noah Kittner1, Shabbir H. Gheewala2, Shabbir H. Gheewala3, Daniel M. Kammen1•
University of California, Berkeley1, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill2, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi3
01 Dec 2016-Renewable Energy
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compare the net energy return on energy invested (EROI) of mini-hydropower and solar electricity using five existing mini-scale hydropower installations in northern Thailand with grid-connected solar PV simulations.

53 citations

"Micro-grid operation and control of..." refers background in this paper

  • ...[4] presents a feasibility study of hybrid hydro PV system in Brazil while [5] presents an analysis of PV, hydro based mini-grids in Thailand....

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