Microalgae cultivation in a wastewater dominated by carpet mill effluents for biofuel applications
TL;DR: Preliminary growth studies indicated both fresh water and marine algae showed good growth in wastewaters, and further studies on anaerobic digestion and thermochemical liquefaction are required to make this consortium approach economically viable for producing algae biofuels.
About: This article is published in Bioresource Technology.The article was published on 2010-04-08. It has received 756 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Algae fuel & Wastewater.
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TL;DR: The current research on this topic is reviewed and the potential benefits and limitations of using wastewaters as resources for cost-effective microalgal biofuel production are discussed.
1,402 citations
Cites background from "Microalgae cultivation in a wastewa..."
...…of wastewater produced each year, this resource was estimated to give biomass ranging from 16.1 to 28.1 tons ha 1 year 1 and an estimated lipid yield ranging from 3260 to 3830 L ha 1 year 1 (Chinnasamy et al., 2010), suggesting that energy yield from this type of waste may have future promise....
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...braunii and Chlorella saccharophila, and a marine alga Pleurochrysis carterae, able to grow particularly well on the untreated wastewater (Chinnasamy et al., 2010)....
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...However, one recent study which may suggest potential for some industrial wastewaters in providing resources for the generation of significant algal biomass came from the analysis of wastewater from carpet mill effluent (Chinnasamy et al., 2010)....
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...This wastewater was shown to be low enough in toxins and had enough P and N to support algal growth, with two freshwater microalgae B. braunii and Chlorella saccharophila, and a marine alga Pleurochrysis carterae, able to grow particularly well on the untreated wastewater (Chinnasamy et al., 2010)....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the major nutrient components of different wastewater streams, the mechanisms of algal nutrient uptake, nutrient removal performance of various species of microalgae when cultured in wastewater, and current micro-algae production systems are discussed.
Abstract: Disposal of wastewater often results in high nutrient loading into aquatic environments, which may lead to favorable conditions for undesirable phytoplankton blooms. Microalgae are efficient in removing nitrogen, phosphorus, and toxic metals from wastewater under controlled environments. If key nutrients in the wastewater stream can be used to grow microalgae for biofuel production, the nutrients can be removed, thus significantly reducing the risk of harmful phytoplankton overgrowth. This review paper summarizes the major nutrient components of different wastewater streams, the mechanisms of algal nutrient uptake, nutrient removal performance of various species of microalgae when cultured in wastewater, and current microalgae production systems. Finally, new algae cultivation technologies applicable for biofuel production and nutrient recovery in polluted water bodies are discussed.
1,249 citations
TL;DR: The use of high rate algal ponds (HRAPs) for nutrient removal has been in existence for some decades though the technology has not been fully harnessed for wastewater treatment as mentioned in this paper.
984 citations
TL;DR: The results confirm the competitiveness of microalgae-based biofuels and highlight the necessity of recycling harvested water and using sea/wastewater as water source and the need of all the nutrients except phosphate.
788 citations
Cites result from "Microalgae cultivation in a wastewa..."
...These values present energy-equivalent of biodiesel in kg. b Dominguez-Faus et al. (2009), Chiu et al. (2009), and Clarens et al. (2010). c DOE (2009) and Chinnasamy et al. (2010). d The results are from this study, using freshwater as the culture medium....
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TL;DR: The utilization of first and second-generation biofuels as the suitable alternatives to depleting fossil fuels are reviewed and the solution to this debate has been suggested with the use of non-arable land for the cultivation of algal biomass for the generation of third generation bio fuels.
625 citations
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11 Dec 2013
TL;DR: Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater seventh edition, Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater seventh edition , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی اهواز.
Abstract: Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater seventh edition , Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater seventh edition , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز
13,342 citations
TL;DR: As demonstrated here, microalgae appear to be the only source of renewable biodiesel that is capable of meeting the global demand for transport fuels.
9,030 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the extinction coefficients for chlorophylls a and b in diethylether (Smith, J.H. and Benitez, A.V., eds.), used in this paper as primary standards, were verified by magnesium determination using atomic absorbance spectrophotometry.
5,326 citations
TL;DR: A brief summary of the current knowledge on oleaginous algae and their fatty acid and TAG biosynthesis, algal model systems and genomic approaches to a better understanding of TAG production, and a historical perspective and path forward for microalgae-based biofuel research and commercialization are provided.
Abstract: Microalgae represent an exceptionally diverse but highly specialized group of micro-organisms adapted to various ecological habitats. Many microalgae have the ability to produce substantial amounts (e.g. 20-50% dry cell weight) of triacylglycerols (TAG) as a storage lipid under photo-oxidative stress or other adverse environmental conditions. Fatty acids, the building blocks for TAGs and all other cellular lipids, are synthesized in the chloroplast using a single set of enzymes, of which acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase) is key in regulating fatty acid synthesis rates. However, the expression of genes involved in fatty acid synthesis is poorly understood in microalgae. Synthesis and sequestration of TAG into cytosolic lipid bodies appear to be a protective mechanism by which algal cells cope with stress conditions, but little is known about regulation of TAG formation at the molecular and cellular level. While the concept of using microalgae as an alternative and renewable source of lipid-rich biomass feedstock for biofuels has been explored over the past few decades, a scalable, commercially viable system has yet to emerge. Today, the production of algal oil is primarily confined to high-value specialty oils with nutritional value, rather than commodity oils for biofuel. This review provides a brief summary of the current knowledge on oleaginous algae and their fatty acid and TAG biosynthesis, algal model systems and genomic approaches to a better understanding of TAG production, and a historical perspective and path forward for microalgae-based biofuel research and commercialization.
3,479 citations
TL;DR: Electron microscopic investigations, together with analytical data on cell wall composition and ribosomal structure, have revealed the common denominators, which are fundamental: bacteria and blue-green algae are the only organisms with cells of the procaryotic type.
2,815 citations