Microbial diversity of sasad. A traditional starter for fermented beverages in Sabah
01 Jan 2009-
TL;DR: Investigation of the microflora composition in sasad found yeast strains possessed highest enzymatic activity compared to mould and LAB strains, and yeast, mould and lactic acid bacteria present in s asad were identified.
Abstract: This study was carried out to investigate the microflora composition in sasad. The investigations involved were the chemical changes (proximate content and pH) of sasad and microbial enumeration in sasad during storage, identification of yeast, mould and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) present in sasad and enzymatic activities involved of identified species. Proximate analyses were done using AOAC method. Proximate analyses showed sasad contain (on dry weight basis) moisture ranging from 10.81% to 21.84%; total carbohydrate content ranged from 73.56% to 87.66%; crude fibre ranging from 0.63% to 1.98%, while crude fat contents ranged from 0.15% to 1.28%. Crude protein content ranged from 0.27% to 1.03% and ash content ranged from 0.20% to 0.95%. Sasad is acidic with the pH ranged from 4.03 to 6.30. Throughout storage, total aerobic mesophilic flora, yeast and mould, and LAB counts were 5.40-8.42, 4.38-8.28, and 3.60-8.39 log CFU/g of dry weight sample, respectively. A total of 94 strains comprises of yeast (52 isolates), mould (23 isolates), and LAB (19 isolates) was isolated. The microorganisms isolated were characterized based on their morphology, physiological and biochemical properties. Yeasts were identified as Candida guilliermondii Saccharomyces cerevisiael Candida lusitaniae Pichia ohmeri Candida utilie, Candida pelliculosa, Candida glabratal Candida parapsilosis, and Candida famata. Mould strains were identified to genera level based on macroscopic and microscopic characteristics as Mucor sp., Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., and Rhizopus sp. On the other hand, LAB were identified as Pediococcus pentosaceus and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis. Yeast strains possessed highest enzymatic activity compared to mould and LAB strains. Leucine arylamidase, acid phosphatase, naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase, alkaline phosphatase, I²-glucosidase and esterase lipase are the major enzymes secreted by microorganisms in sasad
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Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared nine Italian ewes' milk cheeses for compositional, microbiological, biochemical, and volatile profile characteristics, and found that the volatile profiles of the 9 cheeses differed significantly.
Abstract: Nine Italian ewes' milk cheeses were compared for compositional, microbiological, biochemical, and volatile profile characteristics. Mean values for the gross composition were rather similar among cheeses. The lowest pH values were found for cheeses that used primary starters. At the end of ripening, cheeses made from raw milk contained >6.0 log10 cfu/g of nonstarter lactic acid bacteria. Several species of lactobacilli were identified, but Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus paracasei were dominant. Random amplified polymorphic DNA-PCR analysis showed the biodiversity among the strains, and in several cases a relationship with the cheese of provenance. Cheeses differed mainly for secondary proteolysis, as shown by the principal component analysis applied to reversed-phase fast protein liquid chromatography data of the pH 4.6-soluble fractions and by determination of the free AA. A total of 113 volatile components were identified in the Italian Pecorino cheeses by solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. The volatile profiles of the 9 cheeses differed significantly. Quantitatively, alcohols were the most abundant chemical class for some cheeses, whereas ketones were the most abundant for other cheeses. Esters and carboxylic acids were largely found. Specific volatile components seemed to distinguish specific cheeses.
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01 Jan 1972
TL;DR: Index en langue anglaise des principales maladies des plantes, Description des symptomes and des traitements.
Abstract: Index en langue anglaise des principales maladies des plantes. Description des symptomes et des traitements.
4,087 citations
TL;DR: Of the tested components, carvacrol and thymol decreased the intracellular ATP pool of E. coli and also inreased extracellular ATP, indicating disruptive action on the cytoplasmic membrane.
Abstract: Carvacrol, (+)-carvone, thymol, and trans-cinnamaldehyde were tested for their inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella typhimurium. In addition, their toxicity to Photobacterium leiognathi was determined, utilizing a bioluminescence assay. Their effects on the cell surface were investigated by measuring the uptake of 1-N-phenylnaphthylamine (NPN), by measuring their sensitization of bacterial suspensions toward detergents and lysozyme, and by analyzing material released from cells upon treatment by these agents. Carvacrol, thymol, and trans-cinnamaldehyde inhibited E. coli and S. typhimurium at 1-3 mM, whereas (+)-carvone was less inhibitory. trans-Cinnamaldehyde was the most inhibitory component toward P. leiognathi. Carvacrol and thymol disintegrated the outer membrane and released outer membrane-associated material from the cells to the external medium; such release by (+)-carvone or trans-cinnamaldehyde was negligible. Of the tested components, carvacrol and thymol decreased the intracellular ATP pool of E. coli and also inreased extracellular ATP, indicating disruptive action on the cytoplasmic membrane.
1,595 citations
TL;DR: New starter cultures of lactic acid bacteria with an industrially important functionality are being developed that can contribute to the microbial safety or offer one or more organoleptic, technological, nutritional, or health advantages.
Abstract: The production of fermented foods is based on the use of starter cultures, for instance lactic acid bacteria that initiate rapid acidification of the raw material. Recently, new starter cultures of lactic acid bacteria with an industrially important functionality are being developed. The latter can contribute to the microbial safety or offer one or more organoleptic, technological, nutritional, or health advantages. Examples are lactic acid bacteria that produce antimicrobial substances, sugar polymers, sweeteners, aromatic compounds, vitamins, or useful enzymes, or that have probiotic properties.
1,567 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review quantitative cellulase activity assays using soluble and insoluble substrates, and focus on their advantages and limitations, and hypothesize that continuous culture using insoluble cellulosic substrates could be a powerful selection tool for enriching beneficial cellulase mutants from the large library displayed on the cell surface.
1,495 citations