Microbial methane oxidation processes and technologies for mitigation of landfill gas emissions.
TL;DR: Additional research and technology development is needed before methane mitigation technologies utilizing microbial methane oxidation processes can become commercially viable and widely deployed.
About: This article is published in Waste Management & Research.The article was published on 2009-07-07. It has received 452 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Atmospheric methane & Landfill gas.
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TL;DR: The current state of knowledge of the phylogeny, environmental distribution, and potential applications of methanotrophs for regional and global issues are summarized, as well as the role of Cu in regulating gene expression and proteome in these cells, its effects on enzymatic and whole-cell activity, and the novel Cu uptake system used by methanOTrophs are summarized.
Abstract: Methanotrophs, cells that consume methane (CH4) as their sole source of carbon and energy, play key roles in the global carbon cycle, including controlling anthropogenic and natural emissions of CH4, the second-most important greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide. These cells have also been widely used for bioremediation of chlorinated solvents, and help sustain diverse microbial communities as well as higher organisms through the conversion of CH4 to complex organic compounds (e.g. in deep ocean and subterranean environments with substantial CH4 fluxes). It has been well-known for over 30 years that copper (Cu) plays a key role in the physiology and activity of methanotrophs, but it is only recently that we have begun to understand how these cells collect Cu, the role Cu plays in CH4 oxidation by the particulate CH4 monooxygenase, the effect of Cu on the proteome, and how Cu affects the ability of methanotrophs to oxidize different substrates. Here we summarize the current state of knowledge of the phylogeny, environmental distribution, and potential applications of methanotrophs for regional and global issues, as well as the role of Cu in regulating gene expression and proteome in these cells, its effects on enzymatic and whole-cell activity, and the novel Cu uptake system used by methanotrophs.
653 citations
Cites background from "Microbial methane oxidation process..."
...Laboratory column studies of different biocover materials have been found to allow for removal rates of CH4 ranging from 22 to 242 g CH4 m 2 day 1 (Scheutz et al., 2009), although lower rates have been reported, particularly at low tempera- tures and high moisture contents (Kettunen et al., 2006;…...
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...A variety of strategies have been proposed to stimulate methanotrophic activity to reduce CH4 emissions and are extensively reviewed by others (Huber-Humer et al., 2008; Scheutz et al., 2009)....
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...Mature organic matter with readily degradable compounds removed to reduce overall oxygen demand was found most appropriate as oxygen consumption by heterotrophs was thereby minimized (Scheutz et al., 2009)....
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...Laboratory column studies of different biocover materials have been found to allow for removal rates of CH4 ranging from 22 to 242 g CH4 m 2 day 1 (Scheutz et al., 2009), although lower rates have been reported, particularly at low temperatures and high moisture contents (Kettunen et al....
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TL;DR: The potential for methanotrophs and their consortia to generate value while using methane as a carbon source is demonstrated.
Abstract: Methane is an abundant gas used in energy recovery systems, heating, and transport. Methanotrophs are bacteria capable of using methane as their sole carbon source. Although intensively researched, the myriad of potential biotechnological applications of methanotrophic bacteria has not been comprehensively discussed in a single review. Methanotrophs can generate single-cell protein, biopolymers, components for nanotechnology applications (surface layers), soluble metabolites (methanol, formaldehyde, organic acids, and ectoine), lipids (biodiesel and health supplements), growth media, and vitamin B12 using methane as their carbon source. They may be genetically engineered to produce new compounds such as carotenoids or farnesene. Some enzymes (dehydrogenases, oxidase, and catalase) are valuable products with high conversion efficiencies and can generate methanol or sequester CO2 as formic acid ex vivo. Live cultures can be used for bioremediation, chemical transformation (propene to propylene oxide), wastewater denitrification, as components of biosensors, or possibly for directly generating electricity. This review demonstrates the potential for methanotrophs and their consortia to generate value while using methane as a carbon source. While there are notable challenges using a low solubility gas as a carbon source, the massive methane resource, and the potential cost savings while sequestering a greenhouse gas, keeps interest piqued in these unique bacteria.
342 citations
TL;DR: An overview of the most recent advances pertaining to metabolic engineering of microbial methane utilization is presented and some ideas concerning metabolic improvements for production of acetyl-CoA and pyruvate, two main precursors for bioconversion, are presented.
263 citations
Cites background from "Microbial methane oxidation process..."
...Methanotroph-based biofilters are used in reduction of methane emission from landfills (Park et al., 2008; Scheutz et al., 2009)....
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TL;DR: The atmospheric methane burden is increasing rapidly, contrary to pathways compatible with the goals of the 2015 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Paris Agreement as mentioned in this paper, and urgent action is required to bring methane back to a pathway more in line with the Paris goals.
Abstract: The atmospheric methane burden is increasing rapidly, contrary to pathways compatible with the goals of the 2015 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Paris Agreement. Urgent action is required to bring methane back to a pathway more in line with the Paris goals. Emission reduction from “tractable” (easier to mitigate) anthropogenic sources such as the fossil fuel industries and landfills is being much facilitated by technical advances in the past decade, which have radically improved our ability to locate, identify, quantify, and reduce emissions. Measures to reduce emissions from “intractable” (harder to mitigate) anthropogenic sources such as agriculture and biomass burning have received less attention and are also becoming more feasible, including removal from elevated-methane ambient air near to sources. The wider effort to use microbiological and dietary intervention to reduce emissions from cattle (and humans) is not addressed in detail in this essentially geophysical review. Though they cannot replace the need to reach “net-zero” emissions of CO2, significant reductions in the methane burden will ease the timescales needed to reach required CO2 reduction targets for any particular future temperature limit. There is no single magic bullet, but implementation of a wide array of mitigation and emission reduction strategies could substantially cut the global methane burden, at a cost that is relatively low compared to the parallel and necessary measures to reduce CO2, and thereby reduce the atmospheric methane burden back toward pathways consistent with the goals of the Paris Agreement.
132 citations
Cites background from "Microbial methane oxidation process..."
...Scheutz et al. (2009), reviewing studies of soil uptake performance, showed that consumption rates of 100–400 g·m−2·day−1 or higher can potentially be achieved....
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...Landfill soil covers host active consortia of methanotrophic bacteria, and thus, bacterial methane oxidation is an attractive option for low cost methane mitigation (Scheutz et al., 2009)....
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TL;DR: This review article makes an integrated overview analysis of existing air pollution problems associated with MSW collection, separation, and disposal processes and some comprehensive control proposals to prevent air pollution for improving MSW management of China in the future are put forward.
130 citations
References
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01 Jan 2007
TL;DR: The first volume of the IPCC's Fourth Assessment Report as mentioned in this paper was published in 2007 and covers several topics including the extensive range of observations now available for the atmosphere and surface, changes in sea level, assesses the paleoclimatic perspective, climate change causes both natural and anthropogenic, and climate models for projections of global climate.
Abstract: This report is the first volume of the IPCC's Fourth Assessment Report. It covers several topics including the extensive range of observations now available for the atmosphere and surface, changes in sea level, assesses the paleoclimatic perspective, climate change causes both natural and anthropogenic, and climate models for projections of global climate.
32,826 citations
Book•
01 Oct 2007
TL;DR: In this paper, conversion factors and mathematical symbols are used to describe conversion factors in physical and chemical data and Mathematical Symbols are used for converting, converting, and utilising conversion factors.
Abstract: Section 1: Conversion Factors and Mathematical Symbols Section 2: Physical and Chemical Data Section 3: Mathematics Section 4: Thermodynamics Section 5: Heat and Mass Transfer Section 6: Fluid and Plastic Dynamics Section 7: Reaction Kinetics Section 8: Process Control Section 9: Process Economics Section 10: Transport and Storage of Fluids Section 11: Heat-Transfer Equipment Section 12: Psychrometry, Evaporative Cooling, and Solids Drying Section 13: Distillation Section 14: Equipment for Distillation, Gas Absorption, Phase Dispersion, and Phase Separation Section 15: Liquid-Liquid Extraction and Other Liquid-Liquid Operations and Equipment Section 16: Adsorption and Ion Exchange Section 17: Gas-Solid Operations and Equipment Section 18: Liquid-Solid Operations and Equipment Section 19: Reactors Section 20: Alternative Separation Processes Section 21: Solid-Solid Operations and Processing Section 22: Waste Management Section 23: Process Safety Section 24: Energy Resources, Conversion, and Utilization Section 25: Materials of Construction Index
10,028 citations
01 Jan 1984
TL;DR: Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook as mentioned in this paper is a free download pdf for chemical engineering applications, from the fundamentals to details on computer applications and control, and it can be found in any computer science course.
Abstract: Perry chemical engineers handbook free download pdf. Customers at an SAP AG event in Boston today expressed strong commitment to the vendors platform. Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook. All aspects of chemical engineering, from the fundamentals to details on computer applications and control. Definitive. Garner, G. O., “Careers in Engineering,” 2nd ed., VGM Career Books, in "Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook," 6th ed., McGraw-Hill, New York (1984).
7,890 citations
TL;DR: A new digital Koppen-Geiger world map on climate classification, valid for the second half of the 20 th century, based on recent data sets from the Climatic Research Unit of the University of East Anglia and the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre at the German Weather Service.
Abstract: The most frequently used climate classification map is that o f Wladimir Koppen, presented in its latest version 1961 by Rudolf Geiger. A huge number of climate studies and subsequent publications adopted this or a former release of the Koppen-Geiger map. While the climate classification concept has been widely applied to a broad range of topics in climate and climate change research as well as in physical geography, hydrology, agriculture, biology and educational aspects, a well-documented update of the world climate classification map is still missing. Based on recent data sets from the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) of the University of East Anglia and the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) at the German Weather Service, we present here a new digital Koppen-Geiger world map on climate classification, valid for the second half of the 20 th century. Zusammenfassung Die am haufigsten verwendete Klimaklassifikationskarte ist jene von Wladimir Koppen, die in der letzten Auflage von Rudolf Geiger aus dem Jahr 1961 vorliegt. Seither bildeten viele Klimabucher und Fachartikel diese oder eine fruhere Ausgabe der Koppen-Geiger Karte ab. Obwohl das Schema der Klimaklassifikation in vielen Forschungsgebieten wie Klima und Klimaanderung aber auch physikalische Geographie, Hydrologie, Landwirtschaftsforschung, Biologie und Ausbildung zum Einsatz kommt, fehlt bis heute eine gut dokumentierte Aktualisierung der Koppen-Geiger Klimakarte. Basierend auf neuesten Datensatzen des Climatic Research Unit (CRU) der Universitat von East Anglia und des Weltzentrums fur Niederschlagsklimatologie (WZN) am Deutschen Wetterdienst prasentieren wir hier eine neue digitale Koppen-Geiger Weltkarte fur die zweite Halfte des 20. Jahrhunderts.
7,820 citations