Microbiological Effects of Consuming a Synbiotic Containing Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium lactis, and Oligofructose in Elderly Persons, Determined by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction and Counting of Viable Bacteria
TL;DR: Synbiotic consumption increased the size and diversity of protective fecal bifidobacterial populations, which are often very much reduced in older people.
Abstract: Background Because of changes in gut physiology, immune system reactivity, and diet, elderly people are more susceptible to gastrointestinal infections than are younger adults. The gut microflora, which provides a natural defense against invading microorganisms, changes in elderly people with the development of potentially damaging bacterial populations, which may lead to alterations in bacterial metabolism and higher levels of infection. Methods A randomized, double-blind, controlled feeding trial was done with 18 healthy elderly volunteers (age, >62 years) using a synbiotic comprising Bifidobacterium bifidum BB-02 and Bifidobacterium lactis BL-01 (probiotics) together with an inulin-based prebiotic (Synergy 1; Orafti). Real-time PCR was employed to quantitate total bifidobacteria, B. bifidum, and B. lactis in fecal DNA before, during, and after synbiotic consumption. Counting all viable anaerobes, bifidobacteria, and lactobacilli and identification of bacterial isolates to species level was also done. Results Throughout feeding, both bifidobacteria species were detected in fecal samples obtained from all subjects receiving the synbiotic, with significant increases in the number of copies of the 16S rRNA genes of B. bifidum, B. lactis, and total bifidobacteria, compared with the control week and the placebo group. At least 1 of these species remained detectable in fecal samples 3 weeks after feeding in individuals that had no fecal B. bifidum and/or B. lactis in the control week, indicating that the probiotics persisted in the volunteers. Counting of viable organisms showed significantly higher total numbers of fecal bifidobacteria, total numbers of lactobacilli, and numbers of B. bifidum during synbiotic feeding. Conclusion Synbiotic consumption increased the size and diversity of protective fecal bifidobacterial populations, which are often very much reduced in older people.
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08 Jan 2016
TL;DR: This review describes aged-related changes in gut microbiome of elderly persons and summarise studies concerning the impact of prebiotics, probiotics and high fat diets on microbiota composition and immune function.
Abstract: According to WHO, the number of people over 60 years of age is set to rise to 2 billion by 2050. Dysbiosis of microbial composition and impaired immune function have been observed in elderly persons compared to younger adults. As a result, the aging population has a higher disease risk than other age groups. In addition, high fat intakes have been observed to exert negative effects on microbial composition and immune function in murine studies. Elderly people have higher fat intakes than recommended levels, and this may make them more vulnerable to disease risk. Therefore, the impact of high fat consumption on elderly populations may be of relevance. Prebiotics and probiotics have been shown to have positive effects on microbiota composition and immune function in the elderly. This review describes aged-related changes in gut microbiome of elderly persons. It will also summarise studies concerning the impact of prebiotics, probiotics and high fat diets on microbiota composition and immune function.
6 citations
Cites background from "Microbiological Effects of Consumin..."
...By using synbiotics, survival of probiotics in the colon can be reinforced and modulatory effects fortified [80, 81]....
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...Synbiotic, Bifidobacterium bifidum BB-02, Bifidobacterium lactis BL-01 and inulin not only stimulated specific probiotic numbers, but also total bifidobacteria and lactobacilli [80]....
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Book•
01 Jan 2011
TL;DR: The gut microbiota, probiotics and infectious disease, the future prospects of Probiotics as Therapeutics against Enteric Disorders, and potential Mechanisms of Enteric Cytoprotection by Probiotics are discussed.
Abstract: Section I: Introduction and History of Probiotics.- 1. Probiotics: From the ancient wisdom to the actual therapeutical and nutraceutical perspective.- Section II: The Gut Microorganisms and Probiotics.- 2. The Intestinal Microbiota and Probiotics.- 3. Ecology of Probiotics and Enteric Protection.- Section III: Pathophysiology of Enteric Disorders Due to Disturbed Microbiota.- 4. Factors Causing Disturbances of the Gut Microbiota.- 5. The gut microbiota, probiotics and infectious disease.- Section IV: Application of Molecular Biology and -omics of Probiotics in Enteric Protection.- 6. Application of Molecular Biology and Genomics of Probiotics for Enteric Cytoprotection.- 7. Application of Probiotic Proteomics in Enteric Cytoprotection.- 8. Promoting Gut Health with Probiotic Metabolomics.- Section V: Probiotics, Gut Immunology and Enteric Protection.- 9. Microbiota, Probiotics and Natural Immunity of the Gut.- 10. Interaction of Probiotics with the Acquired Immune System in the Gut.- 11. The Protective Role of Probiotics in Disturbed Enteric Microbiota.- 12. Modulation of Immune System by Probiotics to Protect against Enteric Disorders.- Section VI: Probiotics for Enteric Therapy.- 13. Probiotic-Pathogen Interaction and Enteric Cytoprotection.- 14. Bacteriocins of Probiotics and Enteric Cytoprotection.- 15. Probiotics in Clinical Practice as Therapeutics against Enteric Disorders.- 16. Potential Mechanisms of Enteric Cytoprotection by Probiotics: Lessons from Cultured Human Intestinal Cells.- 17. Probiotics and Enteric Cancers.- Section VII: The Future of Probiotics.- 18. Designer Probiotics and Enteric Cytoprotection.- 19. Future Prospects of Probiotics as Therapeutics against Enteric Disorders.
6 citations
Dissertation•
01 Nov 2015
TL;DR: Overall, these findings indicate that host-bacterial crosstalk is potentially mediated by microRNA modulation, and this particular strain of Bifidobacterium bifidum did not confer apparent benefits in Citrobacter rodentium infection.
Abstract: The continuous crosstalk between gut microbiota and the host epithelium is essential for intestinal homeostasis. Presence of harmful or beneficial bacteria can impinge host gene expression and affect homeostasis. Yet, the molecular basis underlying host-bacterial crosstalk is unclear. The objectives of this project were to determine if pathogen infection impacts microRNA-mediated posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression in mouse intestine and if probiotic treatment improves pathogen-induced pathologies and microRNA alterations. It was found that Citrobacter rodentium infection alters murine colonic microRNA signature with implications in modulating host gene expression involved in the apoptosis pathway, contributing to the epithelial hyperplasia in response to Citrobacter rodentium pathogenicity. Probiotic Bifidobacterium bifidum MIMBb75 supplementation did not attenuate intestinal pathology nor normalize microRNA alterations. Overall, these findings indicate that host-bacterial crosstalk is potentially mediated by microRNA modulation, and this particular strain of Bifidobacterium bifidum did not confer apparent benefits in Citrobacter rodentium infection.%%%%M.Sc.%%%%2017-12-21 00:00:00
5 citations
Cites background from "Microbiological Effects of Consumin..."
...bifidum use can improve gut microbiota composition [24], enhance barrier function [25-27], modulate host immunity [28-30] and exert antimicrobial activity....
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...bifidum containing probiotics significantly increased the abundance and diversity of fecal bifidobacterial population compared to baseline in healthy elderly subjects [24]....
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28 Mar 2014
5 citations
References
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TL;DR: By combining the rationale of pro- and prebiotics, the concept of synbiotics is proposed to characterize some colonic foods with interesting nutritional properties that make these compounds candidates for classification as health-enhancing functional food ingredients.
Abstract: Because the human gut microbiota can play a major role in host health, there is currently some interest in the manipulation of the composition of the gut flora towards a potentially more remedial community. Attempts have been made to increase bacterial groups such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus that are perceived as exerting health-promoting properties. Probiotics, defined as microbial food supplements that beneficially affect the host by improving its intestinal microbial balance, have been used to change the composition of colonic microbiota. However, such changes may be transient, and the implantation of exogenous bacteria therefore becomes limited. In contrast, prebiotics are nondigestible food ingredients that beneficially affect the host by selectively stimulating the growth and/or activity of one or a limited number of bacterial species already resident in the colon, and thus attempt to improve host health. Intake of prebiotics can significantly modulate the colonic microbiota by increasing the number of specific bacteria and thus changing the composition of the microbiota. Nondigestible oligosaccharides in general, and fructooligosaccharides in particular, are prebiotics. They have been shown to stimulate the growth of endogenous bifidobacteria, which, after a short feeding period, become predominant in human feces. Moreover, these prebiotics modulate lipid metabolism, most likely via fermentation products. By combining the rationale of pro- and prebiotics, the concept of synbiotics is proposed to characterize some colonic foods with interesting nutritional properties that make these compounds candidates for classification as health-enhancing functional food ingredients.
7,232 citations
"Microbiological Effects of Consumin..." refers background in this paper
...Inulin-type fructans are commonly used prebiotics, which have been defined as nondigestible dietary components that selectively stimulate the growth and/or activities of bacteria in the large bowel [15]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used probiotic treatments to re-establish the natural condition which exists in the wild animal but which has been disrupted by modern trends in conditions used for rearing young animals, including human babies, and in modern approaches to nutrition and disease therapy.
Abstract: There is good evidence that the complex microbial flora present in the gastrointestinal tract of all warm-blooded animals is effective in providing resistance to disease. However, the composition of this protective flora can be altered by dietary and environmental influences, making the host animal susceptible to disease and/or reducing its efficiency of food utilization. What we are doing with the probiotic treatments is re-establishing the natural condition which exists in the wild animal but which has been disrupted by modern trends in conditions used for rearing young animals, including human babies, and in modern approaches to nutrition and disease therapy. These are all areas where the gut flora can be altered for the worse and where, by the administration of probiotics, the natural balance of the gut microflora can be restored and the animal returned to its normal nutrition, growth and health status.
4,055 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: These are all areas where the gut flora can be altered for the worse and where, by the administration of probiotics, the natural balance of the gut microflora can be restored and the animal returned to its normal nutrition, growth and health status.
Abstract: There is good evidence that the complex microbial flora present in the gastrointestinal tract of all warm-blooded animals is effective in providing resistance to disease. However, the composition of this protective flora can be altered by dietary and environmental influences, making the host animal susceptible to disease and/or reducing its efficiency of food utilization. What we are doing with the probiotic treatments is re-establishing the natural condition which exists in the wild animal but which has been disrupted by modern trends in conditions used for rearing young animals, including human babies, and in modern approaches to nutrition and disease therapy. These are all areas where the gut flora can be altered for the worse and where, by the administration of probiotics, the natural balance of the gut microflora can be restored and the animal returned to its normal nutrition, growth and health status.
3,391 citations
TL;DR: This work has created a phylogenetically arranged report on rRNA gene copy number for a diverse collection of prokaryotic microorganisms in an attempt to understand the evolutionary implications of rRNA operon redundancy.
Abstract: The Ribosomal RNA Operon Copy Number Database (rrndb) is an Internet-accessible database containing annotated information on rRNA operon copy number among prokaryotes. Gene redundancy is uncommon in prokaryotic genomes, yet the rRNA genes can vary from one to as many as 15 copies. Despite the widespread use of 16S rRNA gene sequences for identification of prokaryotes, information on the number and sequence of individual rRNA genes in a genome is not readily accessible. In an attempt to understand the evolutionary implications of rRNA operon redundancy, we have created a phylogenetically arranged report on rRNA gene copy number for a diverse collection of prokaryotic microorganisms. Each entry (organism) in the rrndb contains detailed information linked directly to external websites including the Ribosomal Database Project, GenBank, PubMed and several culture collections. Data contained in the rrndb will be valuable to researchers investigating microbial ecology and evolution using 16S rRNA gene sequences. The rrndb web site is directly accessible on the WWW at http://rrndb.cme.msu.edu.
1,051 citations
Additional excerpts
...The aim of this double-blind, randomized, controlled feeding trial was to study the effects of ingestion of a synbiotic containing 2 bifidobacterial species (Bifidobacterium bifidum BB-02 and Bifidobacterium lactis BL-01) and oligofructose on the composition of intestinal bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus populations in older people....
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...Another reason why rRNA gene copy numbers were higher than cell numbers is that rRNA operons vary widely in bacteria, and between 2 to 5 rRNA operons have been found in different species belonging to the genus Bifidobacterium [34]....
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...A randomized, double-blind, controlled feeding trial was done with 18 healthy elderly volunteers (age, 162 years) using a synbiotic comprising Bifidobacterium bifidum BB-02 and Bifidobacterium lactis BL-01 (probiotics) together with an inulin-based prebiotic (Synergy 1; Orafti)....
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...With use of primers specific for the genus Bifidobacterium, significantly higher copy numbers of target DNA were found in the synbiotic group during the feeding period (weeks 4 and 5) and during the postfeeding period (weeks 6 and 8) (table 4)....
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...Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium angulatum, and Bi- Synbiotic Feeding Study • CID 2005:40 (1 January) • 33 fidobacterium dentium predominated (table 2); Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium longum, and Bifidobacterium pullorum were occasionally found; and Bifidobacterium boum and Bifidobacterium catenulatum were detected in only a few stool samples....
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TL;DR: Since the total culturable counts were only a fraction of the total microscopic counts, the contribution of bifidobacteria to the total intestinal microflora was overestimated by almost 10-fold when cultural methods were used as the sole method for enumeration.
Abstract: Three 16S rRNA hybridization probes were developed and tested for genus-specific detection of Bifidobacterium species in the human fecal flora. Variable regions V2, V4, and V8 of the 16S rRNA contained sequences unique to this genus and proved applicable as target sites for oligodeoxynucleotide probes. Determination of the genus specificity of the oligonucleotides was performed by whole-cell hybridization with fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled probes. To this end, cells were fixed on glass slides, hybridized with the probes, and monitored by videomicroscopy. In combination with image analysis, this allowed quantification of the fluorescence per cell and objective evaluation of hybridization experiments. One of the probes developed was used to determine the population of Bifidobacterium spp. in human fecal samples. A comparison was made with results obtained by cultural methods for enumeration. Since both methods gave similar population estimates, it was concluded that all bifidobacteria in feces were culturable. However, since the total culturable counts were only a fraction of the total microscopic counts, the contribution of bifidobacteria to the total intestinal microflora was overestimated by almost 10-fold when cultural methods were used as the sole method for enumeration.
979 citations
"Microbiological Effects of Consumin..." refers background in this paper
...Bifidobacterium genus Bif164F 5′-GGG TGG TAA TGC CGG ATG-3′ 457 59 [22] Bif601R 5′-TAA GCC ATG GAC TTT CAC ACC-3′ ....
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