Microbiological Effects of Consuming a Synbiotic Containing Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium lactis, and Oligofructose in Elderly Persons, Determined by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction and Counting of Viable Bacteria
TL;DR: Synbiotic consumption increased the size and diversity of protective fecal bifidobacterial populations, which are often very much reduced in older people.
Abstract: Background Because of changes in gut physiology, immune system reactivity, and diet, elderly people are more susceptible to gastrointestinal infections than are younger adults. The gut microflora, which provides a natural defense against invading microorganisms, changes in elderly people with the development of potentially damaging bacterial populations, which may lead to alterations in bacterial metabolism and higher levels of infection. Methods A randomized, double-blind, controlled feeding trial was done with 18 healthy elderly volunteers (age, >62 years) using a synbiotic comprising Bifidobacterium bifidum BB-02 and Bifidobacterium lactis BL-01 (probiotics) together with an inulin-based prebiotic (Synergy 1; Orafti). Real-time PCR was employed to quantitate total bifidobacteria, B. bifidum, and B. lactis in fecal DNA before, during, and after synbiotic consumption. Counting all viable anaerobes, bifidobacteria, and lactobacilli and identification of bacterial isolates to species level was also done. Results Throughout feeding, both bifidobacteria species were detected in fecal samples obtained from all subjects receiving the synbiotic, with significant increases in the number of copies of the 16S rRNA genes of B. bifidum, B. lactis, and total bifidobacteria, compared with the control week and the placebo group. At least 1 of these species remained detectable in fecal samples 3 weeks after feeding in individuals that had no fecal B. bifidum and/or B. lactis in the control week, indicating that the probiotics persisted in the volunteers. Counting of viable organisms showed significantly higher total numbers of fecal bifidobacteria, total numbers of lactobacilli, and numbers of B. bifidum during synbiotic feeding. Conclusion Synbiotic consumption increased the size and diversity of protective fecal bifidobacterial populations, which are often very much reduced in older people.
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TL;DR: Gut microbiota restoration might be a complementary approach for treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and intervention of prebiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation, as well as probiotics will provide novel therapeutic approaches.
Abstract: Human aging, a natural process characterized by structural and physiological changes, leads to alterations of homeostatic mechanisms, decline of biological functions, and subsequently, the organism becomes vulnerable to external stress or damage. In fact, the elderly population is prone to develop diseases due to deterioration of physiological and biological systems. With aging, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) increases, and this causes lipid, protein, and DNA damage, leading to cellular dysfunction and altered cellular processes. Indeed, oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathogenesis of several chronic disorders, including hepatic diseases, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD, the most common liver disorder in the Western world, is characterized by intrahepatic lipid accumulation; is highly prevalent in the aging population; and is closely associated with obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Among the risk factors involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, the dysbiotic gut microbiota plays an essential role, leading to low-grade chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and production of various toxic metabolites. The intestinal microbiota is a dynamic ecosystem of microbes involved in the maintenance of physiological homeostasis; the alteration of its composition and function, during aging, is implicated in different liver diseases. Therefore, gut microbiota restoration might be a complementary approach for treating NAFLD. The administration of probiotics, which can relieve oxidative stress and elicit several anti-aging properties, could be a strategy to modify the composition and restore a healthy gut microbiota. Indeed, probiotics could represent a valid supplement to prevent and/or help treating some diseases, such as NAFLD, thus improving the already available pharmacological intervention. Moreover, in aging, intervention of prebiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation, as well as probiotics, will provide novel therapeutic approaches. However, the relevant research is limited, and several scientific research works need to be done in the near future to confirm their efficacy.
4 citations
TL;DR: GC% and repB sequence analyses indicated that pBIF10 was a molecular hybrid of at least 2 other bacterial genera plasmids, which provided necessary information for the understanding of antibiotic resistance mediated by a plasmid in a Bifidobacterium strain.
Abstract: A resident plasmid, pBIF10, was isolated from Bifidobacterium longum B200304, and the full-length sequence of pBIF10 was analyzed. In this sequence, we identified at least 17 major open reading frames longer than 200 bp. A tetracycline resistance gene, tetQ, was identified and verified to confer antibiotic resistance to tetracycline. The plasmid replicon with replication protein B gene (repB) and a typical iteron was identified in pBIF10. An artificial clone vector was constructed with the replicon of pBIF10; the results showed that repB controlled plasmid replication in other bifidobacteria host cells at low transformation frequency. Taken together, the analysis and characterization of pBIF10 provided necessary information for the understanding of antibiotic resistance mediated by a plasmid in a Bifidobacterium strain. GC% and repB sequence analyses indicated that pBIF10 was a molecular hybrid of at least 2 other bacterial genera plasmids.
3 citations
Cites background from "Microbiological Effects of Consumin..."
...Because of their beneficial effects on the health of host, bifidobacteria have attracted the attention of scientists (Bartosch et al. 2005; Kliegman 2005; Kliegman and Willoughby 2005; Madden et al. 2005)....
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10 Mar 2017
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a method to find a suitable solution for the problem of finding the optimal solution for a given problem in the presence of a large number of obstacles.
Abstract: هلاقم تفایرد : 30 / 7 / 95 هلاقم شریذپ : 2 / 11 / 95 همدقم : کیتویبورپ اه هب ناونع مسیناگراورکیم یم فیرعت ینوگانوگ ياه طیارـش ناـمرد و يریگوـلج رد دـیفم تارـثا ياراد هک دنوش دنتسه هژیو کیژولوتاپ . کیتویبورپ ،ییزاکاراپ و ییزاک سولیسابوتکلا یم هک دنتسه ییاه لولـس رد ار زوتپوپآ دنناوت ءاـقلا یناطرـس ياـه دننک . یمسول يدییولیم عیاش زا نمزم یمیخدب نیرت یم بوسحم ندب ياه دوش . نیئتورپ نایب شهج ياه هـتفای p53 هدر رد ،یناطرـس ياـه یم شیازفا ار زوتپوپآ لباقم رد تمواقم دنهد . یبایزرا ،رضاح یسررب زا فده نیاربانب ریثأـت نـیا یلولـس هراوـید و یمـسلاپوتیس هراـصع کیتویبورپ نیئتورپ نازیم رب اه شهج ی هتفا p53 یناطرس هدر رد K562 دوب یهاگشیامزآ طیارش رد . شور و داوم اه : يرتکاب ادتبا روظنم نیا يارب نوس هاگتسد کمک هب سپس ،دش هداد تشک اه و درخ روتاکی تیاهنرد و یلولـس هراوـید دندش ادج اهنآ یمسلاپوتیس هراصع . تظلغ دعب هلحرم رد دندـش هیهت یمسلاپوتیس هراصع و یلولس هراوید زا یفلتخم ياه . نازـیم سپـس نیئتورپ p53 لولس رد ياه دش هدیجنس ازیلاا شور هب ،یلولس هراوید و یمسلاپوتیس هراصع اب هدش رامیت . هتفای اه : ی هتفا یـنعم شهاـک ثـعاب یلولس هراوید و یمسلاپوتیس هراصع ،دنداد ناشن ازیلاا نومزآ زا لصاح ياه راد ) 05 / 0 < P ( حطـس نژ زا لصاح نیئتورپ شهج ی هتفا p53 یم دهاش هورگ هب تبسن دنوش . هجیتن و ثحب يریگ : یم نیاربانب نیئتورپ نازیم شهاک نیب ،تفرگ هجیتن ناوت p53 لولس رد زوتپوپآ ءاقلا و نژ اب اه p53 شهج ی هـتفا یم نیا هک دراد دوجو هطبار دنک هئارا ناطرس دنمفده نامرد يارب یهار دناوت . هژاو يدیلک ياه : نیئتورپ p53 یناطرس هدر ، K562 ییزاکاراپ سولیسابوتکلا ،ییزاک سولیسابوتکلا ، . هدیکچ
3 citations
01 Jan 2009
3 citations
20 Nov 2015
TL;DR: The results showed that the lower diversity occurring after antibiotic treatment was unexpectedly associated with an increase of the overall microbial load, and this observation may explain that alterations of the microbial composition earlier in life could lead to intestinal disorders.
Abstract: La microbiota intestinal es un factor determinante de la homeostasis intestinal, siendo por lo tanto un agente imprescindible del estado de salud. Su composicion podria estar alterada como consecuencia de factores externos tales como tratamientos con antibioticos o causada por enfermedades intestinales como el sindrome del intestino irritable (SII). Esta tesis doctoral se centro en la comprension de la alteracion de esta ecologia microbiana con respecto a una terapia con antibioticos y la presencia de movimientos intestinales modificados en personas que sufren de sindrome de intestino irritable. Nuestros resultados mostraron que la baja diversidad surgida despues del tratamiento con antibioticos fue asociada, inesperadamente, con un aumento de la carga bacteriana total. Sin embargo, sujetos afectados con SII, particularmente del subtipo diarreico, tenian menor diversidad bacteriana acompanada de una reduccion de las bacterias productoras de butirato y de las productoras de metano comparado con sujetos sanos. En general los hallazgos de este estudio son que una administracion incontrolada de antibioticos puede causar cambios severos en la composicion de la comunidad bacteriana intestinal, favorecer el sobrecrecimiento de microbios resistentes y esta observacion puede explicar que las alteraciones microbianas en etapas iniciales de la vida podrian llegar a desarrollar enfermedades intestinales. The intestinal microbiota is a key determinant of gut homeostasis, thereby being an imperative agent of health status. Its composition could be altered as a consequence of external factors such as antibiotic treatment or as a possible cause of intestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). In this doctoral thesis we focused on understanding to which extent antibiotic treatment could modify the gut microbiome and how an alteration of its composition could be associated with IBS. Our results showed that the lower diversity occurring after antibiotic treatment was unexpectedly associated with an increase of the overall microbial load. Furthermore, subjects suffering from IBS, particularly diarrhoea predominant subtype, had lower bacterial diversity accompanied by a reduced relative abundance of butyrate-producing and methanogenic microbes compared to healthy subjects. Altogether the findings of this study are that uncontrolled intake of antibiotics may cause tremendous changes in the gut microbial community composition, favouring the overgrowth of resistant microbes; and this observation may explain that alterations of the microbial composition earlier in life could lead to intestinal disorders.
3 citations
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TL;DR: By combining the rationale of pro- and prebiotics, the concept of synbiotics is proposed to characterize some colonic foods with interesting nutritional properties that make these compounds candidates for classification as health-enhancing functional food ingredients.
Abstract: Because the human gut microbiota can play a major role in host health, there is currently some interest in the manipulation of the composition of the gut flora towards a potentially more remedial community. Attempts have been made to increase bacterial groups such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus that are perceived as exerting health-promoting properties. Probiotics, defined as microbial food supplements that beneficially affect the host by improving its intestinal microbial balance, have been used to change the composition of colonic microbiota. However, such changes may be transient, and the implantation of exogenous bacteria therefore becomes limited. In contrast, prebiotics are nondigestible food ingredients that beneficially affect the host by selectively stimulating the growth and/or activity of one or a limited number of bacterial species already resident in the colon, and thus attempt to improve host health. Intake of prebiotics can significantly modulate the colonic microbiota by increasing the number of specific bacteria and thus changing the composition of the microbiota. Nondigestible oligosaccharides in general, and fructooligosaccharides in particular, are prebiotics. They have been shown to stimulate the growth of endogenous bifidobacteria, which, after a short feeding period, become predominant in human feces. Moreover, these prebiotics modulate lipid metabolism, most likely via fermentation products. By combining the rationale of pro- and prebiotics, the concept of synbiotics is proposed to characterize some colonic foods with interesting nutritional properties that make these compounds candidates for classification as health-enhancing functional food ingredients.
7,232 citations
"Microbiological Effects of Consumin..." refers background in this paper
...Inulin-type fructans are commonly used prebiotics, which have been defined as nondigestible dietary components that selectively stimulate the growth and/or activities of bacteria in the large bowel [15]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used probiotic treatments to re-establish the natural condition which exists in the wild animal but which has been disrupted by modern trends in conditions used for rearing young animals, including human babies, and in modern approaches to nutrition and disease therapy.
Abstract: There is good evidence that the complex microbial flora present in the gastrointestinal tract of all warm-blooded animals is effective in providing resistance to disease. However, the composition of this protective flora can be altered by dietary and environmental influences, making the host animal susceptible to disease and/or reducing its efficiency of food utilization. What we are doing with the probiotic treatments is re-establishing the natural condition which exists in the wild animal but which has been disrupted by modern trends in conditions used for rearing young animals, including human babies, and in modern approaches to nutrition and disease therapy. These are all areas where the gut flora can be altered for the worse and where, by the administration of probiotics, the natural balance of the gut microflora can be restored and the animal returned to its normal nutrition, growth and health status.
4,055 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: These are all areas where the gut flora can be altered for the worse and where, by the administration of probiotics, the natural balance of the gut microflora can be restored and the animal returned to its normal nutrition, growth and health status.
Abstract: There is good evidence that the complex microbial flora present in the gastrointestinal tract of all warm-blooded animals is effective in providing resistance to disease. However, the composition of this protective flora can be altered by dietary and environmental influences, making the host animal susceptible to disease and/or reducing its efficiency of food utilization. What we are doing with the probiotic treatments is re-establishing the natural condition which exists in the wild animal but which has been disrupted by modern trends in conditions used for rearing young animals, including human babies, and in modern approaches to nutrition and disease therapy. These are all areas where the gut flora can be altered for the worse and where, by the administration of probiotics, the natural balance of the gut microflora can be restored and the animal returned to its normal nutrition, growth and health status.
3,391 citations
TL;DR: This work has created a phylogenetically arranged report on rRNA gene copy number for a diverse collection of prokaryotic microorganisms in an attempt to understand the evolutionary implications of rRNA operon redundancy.
Abstract: The Ribosomal RNA Operon Copy Number Database (rrndb) is an Internet-accessible database containing annotated information on rRNA operon copy number among prokaryotes. Gene redundancy is uncommon in prokaryotic genomes, yet the rRNA genes can vary from one to as many as 15 copies. Despite the widespread use of 16S rRNA gene sequences for identification of prokaryotes, information on the number and sequence of individual rRNA genes in a genome is not readily accessible. In an attempt to understand the evolutionary implications of rRNA operon redundancy, we have created a phylogenetically arranged report on rRNA gene copy number for a diverse collection of prokaryotic microorganisms. Each entry (organism) in the rrndb contains detailed information linked directly to external websites including the Ribosomal Database Project, GenBank, PubMed and several culture collections. Data contained in the rrndb will be valuable to researchers investigating microbial ecology and evolution using 16S rRNA gene sequences. The rrndb web site is directly accessible on the WWW at http://rrndb.cme.msu.edu.
1,051 citations
Additional excerpts
...The aim of this double-blind, randomized, controlled feeding trial was to study the effects of ingestion of a synbiotic containing 2 bifidobacterial species (Bifidobacterium bifidum BB-02 and Bifidobacterium lactis BL-01) and oligofructose on the composition of intestinal bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus populations in older people....
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...Another reason why rRNA gene copy numbers were higher than cell numbers is that rRNA operons vary widely in bacteria, and between 2 to 5 rRNA operons have been found in different species belonging to the genus Bifidobacterium [34]....
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...A randomized, double-blind, controlled feeding trial was done with 18 healthy elderly volunteers (age, 162 years) using a synbiotic comprising Bifidobacterium bifidum BB-02 and Bifidobacterium lactis BL-01 (probiotics) together with an inulin-based prebiotic (Synergy 1; Orafti)....
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...With use of primers specific for the genus Bifidobacterium, significantly higher copy numbers of target DNA were found in the synbiotic group during the feeding period (weeks 4 and 5) and during the postfeeding period (weeks 6 and 8) (table 4)....
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...Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium angulatum, and Bi- Synbiotic Feeding Study • CID 2005:40 (1 January) • 33 fidobacterium dentium predominated (table 2); Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium longum, and Bifidobacterium pullorum were occasionally found; and Bifidobacterium boum and Bifidobacterium catenulatum were detected in only a few stool samples....
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TL;DR: Since the total culturable counts were only a fraction of the total microscopic counts, the contribution of bifidobacteria to the total intestinal microflora was overestimated by almost 10-fold when cultural methods were used as the sole method for enumeration.
Abstract: Three 16S rRNA hybridization probes were developed and tested for genus-specific detection of Bifidobacterium species in the human fecal flora. Variable regions V2, V4, and V8 of the 16S rRNA contained sequences unique to this genus and proved applicable as target sites for oligodeoxynucleotide probes. Determination of the genus specificity of the oligonucleotides was performed by whole-cell hybridization with fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled probes. To this end, cells were fixed on glass slides, hybridized with the probes, and monitored by videomicroscopy. In combination with image analysis, this allowed quantification of the fluorescence per cell and objective evaluation of hybridization experiments. One of the probes developed was used to determine the population of Bifidobacterium spp. in human fecal samples. A comparison was made with results obtained by cultural methods for enumeration. Since both methods gave similar population estimates, it was concluded that all bifidobacteria in feces were culturable. However, since the total culturable counts were only a fraction of the total microscopic counts, the contribution of bifidobacteria to the total intestinal microflora was overestimated by almost 10-fold when cultural methods were used as the sole method for enumeration.
979 citations
"Microbiological Effects of Consumin..." refers background in this paper
...Bifidobacterium genus Bif164F 5′-GGG TGG TAA TGC CGG ATG-3′ 457 59 [22] Bif601R 5′-TAA GCC ATG GAC TTT CAC ACC-3′ ....
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