Microbiological Effects of Consuming a Synbiotic Containing Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium lactis, and Oligofructose in Elderly Persons, Determined by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction and Counting of Viable Bacteria
TL;DR: Synbiotic consumption increased the size and diversity of protective fecal bifidobacterial populations, which are often very much reduced in older people.
Abstract: Background Because of changes in gut physiology, immune system reactivity, and diet, elderly people are more susceptible to gastrointestinal infections than are younger adults. The gut microflora, which provides a natural defense against invading microorganisms, changes in elderly people with the development of potentially damaging bacterial populations, which may lead to alterations in bacterial metabolism and higher levels of infection. Methods A randomized, double-blind, controlled feeding trial was done with 18 healthy elderly volunteers (age, >62 years) using a synbiotic comprising Bifidobacterium bifidum BB-02 and Bifidobacterium lactis BL-01 (probiotics) together with an inulin-based prebiotic (Synergy 1; Orafti). Real-time PCR was employed to quantitate total bifidobacteria, B. bifidum, and B. lactis in fecal DNA before, during, and after synbiotic consumption. Counting all viable anaerobes, bifidobacteria, and lactobacilli and identification of bacterial isolates to species level was also done. Results Throughout feeding, both bifidobacteria species were detected in fecal samples obtained from all subjects receiving the synbiotic, with significant increases in the number of copies of the 16S rRNA genes of B. bifidum, B. lactis, and total bifidobacteria, compared with the control week and the placebo group. At least 1 of these species remained detectable in fecal samples 3 weeks after feeding in individuals that had no fecal B. bifidum and/or B. lactis in the control week, indicating that the probiotics persisted in the volunteers. Counting of viable organisms showed significantly higher total numbers of fecal bifidobacteria, total numbers of lactobacilli, and numbers of B. bifidum during synbiotic feeding. Conclusion Synbiotic consumption increased the size and diversity of protective fecal bifidobacterial populations, which are often very much reduced in older people.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed probiotics as a possible therapeutic intervention to improve the health status of the elderly, and recent studies on animal and human trials have provided encouraging results supporting this type of supplementation.
Abstract: There has been increasing attention recently in the amelioration of health conditions of elderly people. Ageing is associated with several alterations of immune function, a process known as immunosenescence. This is characterised by profound changes of both adaptive and innate immunity, leading to increased susceptibility to infections and development of chronic inflammatory status. Ageing also affects the intestinal microflora composition, with a reduction in the numbers and diversity of many protective commensal anaerobes, such as bifidobacteria and, to a lesser extent, lactobacilli. Several bifidobacteria and lactobacilli strains are common probiotics that exert beneficial effects for human health. The mechanisms underlying their benefits include the improvement of microbiota composition and modulation of the host immune response. On the basis of these properties, probiotics have been suggested as a possible therapeutic intervention to improve the health status of the elderly, and recent studies on animal and human trials have provided encouraging results supporting this type of supplementation.
1 citations
Dissertation•
01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used fructooligosaccharides (FOS) as a prebiotic in whey-based functional drinks to address various lifestyle related disorders.
Abstract: In the current exploration, fructooligosaccharides (FOS) were used as a prebiotic in whey based functional drinks to address various lifestyle related disorders. Initially, whey was subjected to physicochemical analysis, minerals assay and amino acid profiling. It comprised of total solids, lactose, ash, crude protein and fat as 6.49±0.31, 5.26±0.26, 0.56±0.02, 0.81±0.03 and 0.25±0.01%, respectively.The results regarding mineral analysis indicated that whey contains appreciable amount of potassium, sodium and calcium.Furthermore, amino acid profile elucidated it a balance source of essential and non-essential amino acids.Amongst essential amino acids, highest value was noticed for leucine 97.25±4.68 followed by lysine and threonine 83.98±2.46 & 48.89±2.84 mg/g protein. Contrarily, in case of non-essential amino acids maximum concentration was recorded for glutamic acid 151.30±7.61 mg/g protein. For drink formulation, five treatments were prepared i.e. control (T0), whey based drink (T1) and fructooligosaccharides supplemented whey drinks @ 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% referred as T2, T3 and T4, respectively.The formulated drinks were evaluated for nutritional quality with special reference to amino acids, viscosity and total plate count along with sensory response during two month storage.The functional drinks showed momentous impact on total solids and viscosity whilst, pH, acidity, crude protein, fat, lactose and total plate count affected non-significantly.Conversely, during storage these traits differed substantially (p<0.05) except for ash content. The results related to hedonic evaluation elaborated that amongst functional drinks, T4 (1.5% FOS) attained the highest scores for sensory traits.Two months Storage caused a progressive decline in the hedonic response of therapeutic drinks however, remain acceptable whithin 30 days. Considering the results of physicochemical assays with special reference to FOS and sensory profiling, one best treatment (T4) was selected from the FOS supplemented drinks for bioevaluation purpose along with whey based drink (T1) and control (T0).The bioefficacy study was conducted in Sprague Dawley rats by running two consecutive trials for the validity of results.In this connection, three studies were planned; study I (normal rats), study II (hypercholesterolemic rats) and study III (hyperglycemic rats). Feed intake and body weight were affected significantly as a function of treatments and study weeks.The provision of FOS supplemented whey based functional drink caused a significant reduction in serum cholesterol, LDL and triglycerides nonetheless, a perceptible increase was recorded for HDL.The maximum decline in cholesterol was noticed in T4 group as 10.87 & 11.96% (study II) and 6.96 & 7.66% (study III) followed by T1 as compared to control (T0) in both trials.Likewise, a pronounced decrease (p<0.05) in LDL was estimated in T4 group by 14.69 & 16.13% and 7.40 & 8.13% during study II and III (trial 1 & 2), correspondingly. As far as hypoglycemic perspectives are concerned, a significant reduction (p<0.05) in serum glucose was observed for study II (6.97& 7.73%) and study III (9.76 & 10.38%) in T1 and T4 groups, respectively.Likewise declining tendency was observed in the subsequent trial too. Nevertheless, a momentous incline (p<0.05) in serum insulin was reported in T4 group during study III.The values regarding liver & kidney functioning and blood biochemical parameters were also within acceptable range. For the assessment of bifidogenic potential, cecal and fecal pH, microbial assay and quantification of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were carried out. A substantial increase in bifidobacteria and SCFAs with special reference to acetate, propionate and butyrate was observed in rats relied on T4 during the entire experiment.From the instant research, it is concluded that fructooligosaccharides based whey drink has potential to improve the gut health and to tackle the threats of hypercholesterolemia & hyperglycemia thus should be promoted in the target population.
1 citations
01 Jan 2015
TL;DR: Aging is associated with increase in chronic disease as well as infections and associated morbidity, which translate into less effective innate and adaptive immune responses and increased susceptibility to infections.
Abstract: Aging is associated with increase in chronic disease as well as infections and associated morbidity. This is often throughout to be secondary immunosenescene. Whether this decline in immune function with aging is due to the aging process per Se or is secondary to poor health, inflammation, and other life style factors particularly suboptimal nutritional status. With aging a variety of changes are observed in the immune system, which translate into less effective innate and adaptive immune responses and increased susceptibility to infections. Antioxidant vitamins and trace elements [vitamins C, E, selenium, copper and zinc] counteract potential damage caused by reactive oxygen species to cellular tissues and modulate immune cell function through regulation of redoxsensitive transcription factors and affect production of cytokines and prostaglandins. Adequate intake of vitamins B[6], folate, B[12], C,E, and of selenium, Zn, copper and iron supports a Th I cytokine-mediated immune response with sufficient production of proinflammatory cytokine. Vitamin A and D play important roles in both cell mediated and humoral antibody response. Nutrient supplementation is often accompanied by an improvement in immune function.
1 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors used Japanese loquats, Bifidobacterium bifidum and Bifidisobacteria spp. to improve beneficial and nutritional characteristics of ice creams.
Abstract: Background and Objectives: Ice cream is a probiotic carrier and Bifidobacterium spp. are used to promote health benefits such as vitamin improvement. These bacteria are commonly known as probiotic bacteria. The objective of the present study was to add Japanese loquats, Bifidobacterium lactis and Bifidobacterium bifidum to improve beneficial and nutritional characteristics of ice creams. Materials and Methods: Bacteria were used in various cream samples supplemented with Japanese loquat pulps (10, 20 and 30% concentrations). Then, physicochemical (pH, acidity, protein, fat, ash and dry matter), melting, colorimetric ( L * , a * and b * ), overrun and sensory characteristics were assessed. Bioactive parameters of the ice creams, including phenolic component, antioxidant activity, probiotic bacterial survival and folate value, were investigated within eight weeks. Results: Ash, dry matter, melting rate and overrun significantly increased by adding Japanese loquat pulps ( p < 0.05). However, no significant effects on pH, acidity, protein and fat of various probiotic ice creams were seen by increasing pulps ( p > 0.05). Probiotic ice creams significantly included further phenolic compounds (98.63 mg GAE/100g), antioxidant activity (105.12 mg/100g) and bacterial viability (8.23 log CFU/g) by increasing Japanese loquat pulps. However, these parameters decreased by extending the storage time ( p < 0.05). Increases in pulp and storage time significantly increased folates of various samples ( p < 0.05). Conclusions: The highest functional capacities of the probiotic ice creams belonged to a mixture of Bifidobacterium bifidum , Bifidobacterium lactis and 30% of Japanese loquat pulps.
1 citations
01 Jan 2012
TL;DR: The metabolism of carbohydrates that are prebiotics or potential prebiotic compounds utilized by the probiotic organisms Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM (NCFM) and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp.
Abstract: interactions with prebiotic carbohydrates using differential proteomics and protein characterization DTU Orbit (26/05/2018) Probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp lactis Bl-04 interactions with prebiotic carbohydrates using differential proteomics and protein characterization Bacterial communities (microbiota) of great diversity populate the large intestine of animals including humans and influence the physiology, biochemistry and immunology of the host. Microorganisms mainly bacteria that when administered in sufficient amounts promote a beneficial effect to the host are defined as probiotics. The positive clinical effects of probiotics, mainly belonging to the Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus genera in treatments of irritable bowel syndrome, gut infections and lifestyle diseases are well documented. Compounds that selectively stimulate the beneficial effect of probiotics, primarily non-digestible carbohydrates, are termed prebiotics. The knowledge of prebiotic utilization and in particular the specificities of carbohydrate transport and metabolism are limited, hampering robust understanding for the basis of selective utilization of known prebiotics and the discovery and documentation of novel ones. In this project we set out to investigate the metabolism of carbohydrates that are prebiotic or potential prebiotic compounds utilized by the probiotic organisms Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM (NCFM) and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BL-04 (Bl-04).
1 citations
References
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TL;DR: By combining the rationale of pro- and prebiotics, the concept of synbiotics is proposed to characterize some colonic foods with interesting nutritional properties that make these compounds candidates for classification as health-enhancing functional food ingredients.
Abstract: Because the human gut microbiota can play a major role in host health, there is currently some interest in the manipulation of the composition of the gut flora towards a potentially more remedial community. Attempts have been made to increase bacterial groups such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus that are perceived as exerting health-promoting properties. Probiotics, defined as microbial food supplements that beneficially affect the host by improving its intestinal microbial balance, have been used to change the composition of colonic microbiota. However, such changes may be transient, and the implantation of exogenous bacteria therefore becomes limited. In contrast, prebiotics are nondigestible food ingredients that beneficially affect the host by selectively stimulating the growth and/or activity of one or a limited number of bacterial species already resident in the colon, and thus attempt to improve host health. Intake of prebiotics can significantly modulate the colonic microbiota by increasing the number of specific bacteria and thus changing the composition of the microbiota. Nondigestible oligosaccharides in general, and fructooligosaccharides in particular, are prebiotics. They have been shown to stimulate the growth of endogenous bifidobacteria, which, after a short feeding period, become predominant in human feces. Moreover, these prebiotics modulate lipid metabolism, most likely via fermentation products. By combining the rationale of pro- and prebiotics, the concept of synbiotics is proposed to characterize some colonic foods with interesting nutritional properties that make these compounds candidates for classification as health-enhancing functional food ingredients.
7,232 citations
"Microbiological Effects of Consumin..." refers background in this paper
...Inulin-type fructans are commonly used prebiotics, which have been defined as nondigestible dietary components that selectively stimulate the growth and/or activities of bacteria in the large bowel [15]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used probiotic treatments to re-establish the natural condition which exists in the wild animal but which has been disrupted by modern trends in conditions used for rearing young animals, including human babies, and in modern approaches to nutrition and disease therapy.
Abstract: There is good evidence that the complex microbial flora present in the gastrointestinal tract of all warm-blooded animals is effective in providing resistance to disease. However, the composition of this protective flora can be altered by dietary and environmental influences, making the host animal susceptible to disease and/or reducing its efficiency of food utilization. What we are doing with the probiotic treatments is re-establishing the natural condition which exists in the wild animal but which has been disrupted by modern trends in conditions used for rearing young animals, including human babies, and in modern approaches to nutrition and disease therapy. These are all areas where the gut flora can be altered for the worse and where, by the administration of probiotics, the natural balance of the gut microflora can be restored and the animal returned to its normal nutrition, growth and health status.
4,055 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: These are all areas where the gut flora can be altered for the worse and where, by the administration of probiotics, the natural balance of the gut microflora can be restored and the animal returned to its normal nutrition, growth and health status.
Abstract: There is good evidence that the complex microbial flora present in the gastrointestinal tract of all warm-blooded animals is effective in providing resistance to disease. However, the composition of this protective flora can be altered by dietary and environmental influences, making the host animal susceptible to disease and/or reducing its efficiency of food utilization. What we are doing with the probiotic treatments is re-establishing the natural condition which exists in the wild animal but which has been disrupted by modern trends in conditions used for rearing young animals, including human babies, and in modern approaches to nutrition and disease therapy. These are all areas where the gut flora can be altered for the worse and where, by the administration of probiotics, the natural balance of the gut microflora can be restored and the animal returned to its normal nutrition, growth and health status.
3,391 citations
TL;DR: This work has created a phylogenetically arranged report on rRNA gene copy number for a diverse collection of prokaryotic microorganisms in an attempt to understand the evolutionary implications of rRNA operon redundancy.
Abstract: The Ribosomal RNA Operon Copy Number Database (rrndb) is an Internet-accessible database containing annotated information on rRNA operon copy number among prokaryotes. Gene redundancy is uncommon in prokaryotic genomes, yet the rRNA genes can vary from one to as many as 15 copies. Despite the widespread use of 16S rRNA gene sequences for identification of prokaryotes, information on the number and sequence of individual rRNA genes in a genome is not readily accessible. In an attempt to understand the evolutionary implications of rRNA operon redundancy, we have created a phylogenetically arranged report on rRNA gene copy number for a diverse collection of prokaryotic microorganisms. Each entry (organism) in the rrndb contains detailed information linked directly to external websites including the Ribosomal Database Project, GenBank, PubMed and several culture collections. Data contained in the rrndb will be valuable to researchers investigating microbial ecology and evolution using 16S rRNA gene sequences. The rrndb web site is directly accessible on the WWW at http://rrndb.cme.msu.edu.
1,051 citations
Additional excerpts
...The aim of this double-blind, randomized, controlled feeding trial was to study the effects of ingestion of a synbiotic containing 2 bifidobacterial species (Bifidobacterium bifidum BB-02 and Bifidobacterium lactis BL-01) and oligofructose on the composition of intestinal bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus populations in older people....
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...Another reason why rRNA gene copy numbers were higher than cell numbers is that rRNA operons vary widely in bacteria, and between 2 to 5 rRNA operons have been found in different species belonging to the genus Bifidobacterium [34]....
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...A randomized, double-blind, controlled feeding trial was done with 18 healthy elderly volunteers (age, 162 years) using a synbiotic comprising Bifidobacterium bifidum BB-02 and Bifidobacterium lactis BL-01 (probiotics) together with an inulin-based prebiotic (Synergy 1; Orafti)....
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...With use of primers specific for the genus Bifidobacterium, significantly higher copy numbers of target DNA were found in the synbiotic group during the feeding period (weeks 4 and 5) and during the postfeeding period (weeks 6 and 8) (table 4)....
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...Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium angulatum, and Bi- Synbiotic Feeding Study • CID 2005:40 (1 January) • 33 fidobacterium dentium predominated (table 2); Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium longum, and Bifidobacterium pullorum were occasionally found; and Bifidobacterium boum and Bifidobacterium catenulatum were detected in only a few stool samples....
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TL;DR: Since the total culturable counts were only a fraction of the total microscopic counts, the contribution of bifidobacteria to the total intestinal microflora was overestimated by almost 10-fold when cultural methods were used as the sole method for enumeration.
Abstract: Three 16S rRNA hybridization probes were developed and tested for genus-specific detection of Bifidobacterium species in the human fecal flora. Variable regions V2, V4, and V8 of the 16S rRNA contained sequences unique to this genus and proved applicable as target sites for oligodeoxynucleotide probes. Determination of the genus specificity of the oligonucleotides was performed by whole-cell hybridization with fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled probes. To this end, cells were fixed on glass slides, hybridized with the probes, and monitored by videomicroscopy. In combination with image analysis, this allowed quantification of the fluorescence per cell and objective evaluation of hybridization experiments. One of the probes developed was used to determine the population of Bifidobacterium spp. in human fecal samples. A comparison was made with results obtained by cultural methods for enumeration. Since both methods gave similar population estimates, it was concluded that all bifidobacteria in feces were culturable. However, since the total culturable counts were only a fraction of the total microscopic counts, the contribution of bifidobacteria to the total intestinal microflora was overestimated by almost 10-fold when cultural methods were used as the sole method for enumeration.
979 citations
"Microbiological Effects of Consumin..." refers background in this paper
...Bifidobacterium genus Bif164F 5′-GGG TGG TAA TGC CGG ATG-3′ 457 59 [22] Bif601R 5′-TAA GCC ATG GAC TTT CAC ACC-3′ ....
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