Microfabrication of gold wires for atom guides
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Citations
Implementation of a symmetric surface-electrode ion trap with field compensation using a modulated Raman effect
Integrated optical components on atom chips
Coherent manipulation of ultracold atoms an atom chips
Atom chip for BEC interferometry
Fabrication of Magnetooptical Atom Traps on a Chip
References
Related Papers (5)
Bose–Einstein condensation on a microelectronic chip
Atomic Micromanipulation with Magnetic Surface Traps
Frequently Asked Questions (14)
Q2. What is the r.m.s. surface roughness of gold wires?
The r.m.s. surface roughness of gold wires is about 16 nm, which is expected to be low enough to make it suitable for atom trapping applications.
Q3. What is the method for achieving the optical cooling of the atom clouds?
For their applications a very smooth mirror surface, which is crucial for realising the optics for the laser cooling of the atom clouds [11].
Q4. What was the gold substrate with the template?
The gold substrate with the template was the working electrode with a large area platinum gauze counter electrode and a custom-made saturated calomel reference electrode (SCE).
Q5. What is the problem with the surface of gold wires?
the surface of gold wires has to be very smooth since roughness of the surface may cause a non-homogeneous current distribution.
Q6. How many atom clouds were trapped above the central wires?
4. The four central wires, above which atom clouds can be trapped, were 50 and 100 m wide, 7 mm long and separated by a gap of 30 m.
Q7. What is the method for producing thin supported layers for photonic mirrors?
electrochemical deposition is ideal for the production of thin supported layers for applications such as photonic mirrors since the surface of the electrochemically deposited film can be very uniform [7].
Q8. What is the process used to define electroplating areas for gold wires?
a thin Au–Cr layer (40, 300 nm) is evaporated and photolithographically patterned using a standard thin photoresist (SPRT 518) in order to define electroplating areas for gold wires, to provide electrical isolation between gold mirrors, gold wires, and contact pads.
Q9. How many atoms are in the atom cloud?
Using a simple atom chip based on a single macroscopic wire, the authors have successfully produced Bose–Einstein condensates of 87Rb containing 5 × 104 atoms.
Q10. What was the process of electroplating Au?
Once the photoresist moulds were fabricated, electroplating of Auwas performed without a hardbaking the photoresist since this can cause SPR 220-7 to reflow.
Q11. What is the importance of uniform current distribution in the wire?
This is important for uniform current distribution which is required to obtain a high current density in the wire necessary for an atom guide.
Q12. What is the problem with the electroplating?
One problem with the described electroplating is that the achievable smoothness is not sufficient for the gold mirrors without further optimisation of the electroplating solution using special additives such as brighteners.
Q13. What was the thickness of the wafer?
This thickness was achieved with a single layer coating to get good contact between the mask and the wafer the authors had to remove the photoresist edge bead which was formed during the low-speed coating.
Q14. What is the difference between electrochemical deposition and templating of material?
electrochemical deposition produces a high density of the deposited material in the holes of the template (mould) and leads to volume templating of the structure as opposed to templating of material.