Micropropagation of Withania somnifera from germinating seeds and shoot tips
TL;DR: Shoot multiplication was achieved in vitro from shoot tips of aseptically germinated seedlings of Withania somnifera L. with direct multiple shoot initiation from germinating seeds in the presence of BA alone.
Abstract: Shoot multiplication was achieved in vitro from shoot tips of aseptically germinated seedlings of Withania somnifera L. using low concentrations of 6-benzyladenine (BA), viz. 2.2, 4.4 and 8.9 μM. Maximum number of shoots were obtained when 2.3 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) or 2.5 μM indolebutyric acid (IBA) was added to medium containing 4.4 μM BA during initiation of shoot multiplication, but not when added later. Direct multiple shoot initiation was also obtained from germinating seeds in the presence of BA alone. Rooting was successful in excised shoots grown on growth regulator-free MS medium. Rooted shoots were successfully established in soil in a greenhouse.
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TL;DR: In this article, IBA was used to induce root formation in Withania somnifera leaf segments using an IBA dip treatment, and the average number and length of roots were 32.3 per culture and 5.6 cm, respectively.
Abstract: Direct rooting was induced in Withania somnifera leaf segments using an IBA dip treatment. The segments dipped in IBA formed roots along the midrib region of the abaxial surface when placed on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) basal medium containing no plant growth regulators. The length of the dip treatments (10, 20 and 30 min) and strength of the MS media (¼, ½, and full-strength) treatments had no apparent effect on rooting, although maximum rooting (85.3 percent of the cultures) occurred when the leaf segments were placed on ½-strength MS medium after a dip treatment with 100 mg/liter IBA solution for 20 min. The average number and length of roots were 32.3 per culture and 5.6 cm, respectively. Only 20 percent of the cultures produced roots if explants were grown on full-strength MS medium supplemented with IBA.
12 citations
01 Jan 2003
TL;DR: There is a need to make an intensive study on medicinal and aromatic plants for their genetic improvement, conservation and cultivation methods.
Abstract: Plants are the resources of foods, pharmaceuticals and pesticides. Plant based medicines have served the human race over the ages for various ailments and number of medicinal plants have become important raw material for pharmaceutical industries. The great popularity of herbal drugs has to do with their effectiveness, minimal side effects in clinical experience and moderate prices. The use of medicinal plants in the health care management programme has been recognized internationally. World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that the global market for medicinal herbs and herbal products is about 62 billion dollars and by the year 2050 will reach 5 trillion dollars. Therefore, there is a need to make an intensive study on medicinal and aromatic plants for their genetic improvement, conservation and cultivation methods.
12 citations
03 Jun 2020
TL;DR: Regenerated plantlets, with well-developed shoots and roots, were acclimatized successfully to greenhouse conditions with a 97% survival rate and no extraneous bands were detected between regenerants and their respective donor plants, confirming the genetic fidelity and stability of regenerated plants.
Abstract: Helianthus verticillatus (Asteraceae), whorled sunflower, is a perennial species restricted to a few locations in the Southeastern United States. Habitat loss has caused H. verticillatus to become rare, and since 2014, it has been federally listed as an endangered species. As a part of the recovery plan for the restoration and protection of H. verticillatus, an efficient micropropagation protocol based on axillary shoot proliferation was developed. Various concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP; 0 to 4.44 µM) were examined for their morphogenetic potential in the regeneration of six genotypes of H. verticillatus from the nodal explants derived from greenhouse-grown plants. Both the BAP concentration and genotype had significant effects on the regeneration capacity of H. verticillatus. Although the induced buds were observed on ½-strength Murashige and Skoog medium without plant growth regulators, a higher rate of induction and bud development were achieved on media with either 0.88 or 2.22 µM BAP, regardless of the genotype. Successful rooting of the induced shoots was achieved within four weeks after the transfer from the induction medium to the fresh ½-strength MS medium, but the rooting efficiency was dependent on the plant’s genetic background. Regenerated plantlets, with well-developed shoots and roots, were acclimatized successfully to greenhouse conditions with a 97% survival rate. Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) markers were employed to assess the genetic uniformity of the micropropagated plants of H. verticillatus. No extraneous bands were detected between regenerants and their respective donor plants, confirming the genetic fidelity and stability of regenerated plants. To our knowledge, the protocol developed in this study is the first such report for this endangered species.
11 citations
TL;DR: The results suggests that the culture conditions used for the axillary bud proliferation are appropriate for clonal propagation of this medicinally important plant as they do not appear to interfere with genetic integrity of in vitro regenerated plants.
Abstract: An efficient, rapid and reproducible plant regeneration protocol was successfully developed for Cuphea procumbens Orteg. using cotyledonary node explants excised from 15 days old aseptic seedlings. A range of cytokinins were investigated for multiple shoot regeneration. Of the three cytokinins, 6-benzyladenine (BA), Kinetin (Kin) and 2-isopentenyl adenine (2-iP) evaluated as supplement to Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, BA at a concentration of 2.5 μM was effective in inducing multiple shoots. The highest number of multiple shoots (9.33 ± 0.60) and maximum average shoot length (4.16 ± 0.44 cm) was standardized on MS medium supplemented with 2.5 μM BA alongwith 0.5 μM NAA. Addition of 200 mg/l Casein hydrolysate (CH) to the shoot induction medium enhanced the growth of regenerants. Rooting of in vitro regenerated shoots was best achieved on 1/2 strength MS medium. The in vitro raised plantlets with well developed shoots and roots were hardened, successfully established in earthen pots containing garden soil and maintained in greenhouse with 80% survival rate. Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to evaluate the genetic stability among in vitro regenerated progenies. All RAPD profiles from the micropropagated plants were monomorphic and similar to control plant. These results suggests that the culture conditions used for the axillary bud proliferation are appropriate for clonal propagation of this medicinally important plant as they do not appear to interfere with genetic integrity of in vitro regenerated plants. The described method can be successfully employed for large-scale multiplication and in vitro conservation of C. procumbens.
11 citations
TL;DR: This review underlines the advances in plant biotechnological approaches for the propagation of W. somnifera and production of its bioactive compounds and highlights a variety of bioteschnological strategies both for prompt propagation andproduction of different bioactive secondary metabolites.
11 citations
References
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TL;DR: In vivo redox biosensing resolves the spatiotemporal dynamics of compartmental responses to local ROS generation and provide a basis for understanding how compartment-specific redox dynamics may operate in retrograde signaling and stress 67 acclimation in plants.
Abstract: In experiments with tobacco tissue cultured on White's modified medium (basal meditmi hi Tnhles 1 and 2) supplemenk'd with kiticthi and hidoleacctic acid, a slrikin^' fourlo (ive-told intTease iu yield was ohtaitu-d within a three to Tour week j^rowth period on addition of an aqtteotis exlrarl of tobacco leaves (Fi^'ures 1 and 2). Subse(iueutly it was found Ihiit this jnoniotiou oi' f^rowih was due mainly though nol entirely to inorj^auic rather than organic con.stitttenls in the extract. In the isolation of Rrowth factors from plant tissues and other sources inorj '̂anic salts are fre(|uently carried along with fhe organic fraclioits. When tissue cultures are used for bioassays, therefore, il is necessary lo lake into account increases in growth which may result from nutrient elements or other known constituents of the medium which may he present in the te.st materials. To minimize interference trom rontaminaitis of this type, an altempt has heen made to de\\eh)p a nieditmi with such adequate supplies of all re(iuired tnineral nutrients and cotntnott orgattic cottslitueitls that no apprecial»le change in growth rate or yield will result from the inlroduclion of additional amounts in the range ordinarily expected to be present in tnaterials to be assayed. As a point of referetice for this work some of the culture media in mc)st common current use will he cotisidered briefly. For ease of comparis4)n Iheir mineral compositions are listed in Tables 1 and 2. White's nutrient .solution, designed originally for excised root cultures, was based on Uspeuski and Uspetiskaia's medium for algae and Trelease and Trelease's micronutrieni solution. This medium also was employed successfully in the original cttltivation of callus from the tobacco Iiybrid Nicotiana gtauca x A', tanijadorffii, atitl as further modified by White in 194̂ ^ and by others it has been used for the
63,098 citations
01 Jan 1962
16,251 citations
01 Jan 1985
TL;DR: From Metabolism and Osmotic Work to Totipotency and Morphogenesis: A Study of Limitations Versus Multiple Interactions.
Abstract: I From Metabolism and Osmotic Work to Totipotency and Morphogenesis: A Study of Limitations Versus Multiple Interactions.- II Primary Metabolism.- Photosynthetic Carbon Metabolism in Photoautotrophic Cell Suspension Cultures of Chenopodium rubrum L..- On the Photosynthetic System and Assimilate Metabolism of Daucus and Arachis Cell Cultures.- Regulation of Carbon and Nitrogen Assimilation Pathways in Tobacco Cell Suspension Cultures in Relation with Ultrastructural and Biochemical Development of the Photosynthetic Apparatus.- Application of Gas Analysis to Continuous Culture.- Carbohydrate Source, Biomass Productivity and Natural Product Yield in Cell Suspension Cultures.- Nitrogen Metabolism of Leaf and Microspore Callus of Betula pendula.- III Secondary Metabolism.- 4-Coumarate: CoA Ligase in Wild Carrot Cell Culture Clones Which Accumulate Different Amounts of Anthocyanin.- Induction of Anthocyanin Synthesis in Relation to Embryogenesis in a Carrot Suspension Culture - A Model System for the Study of Expression and Repression of Secondary Metabolism.- Metabolism of Quinolizidine Alkaloids in Plants and Cell Suspension Cultures: Induction and Degradation.- Production of Alkaloids by Ergot (Claviceps fusiformis Lov.) on Pennisetum typhoides (Burm.) Stapf and Hubb. in Vitro.- Compartmentation of Alkaloids in a Cell Suspension of Catharanthus roseus: A Reappraisal of the Role of pH Gradients.- Studies on Variability of Plant Tissue Cultures for Alkaloid Production in Catharanthus roseus and Papaver somniferum Callus Cultures.- Biosynthesis and Accumulation of Indole Alkaloids in Cell Suspension Cultures of Catharanthus roseus Cultivars.- Formation of Cardenolides in Cell and Organ Cultures of Digitalis lanata.- Metabolism of Caffeoyl Derivatives in Plant Cell Cultures.- Metabolic Relationships of Putrescine, GABA and Alkaloids in Cell and Root Cultures of Solanaceae.- Metabolism and Degradation of Nicotinic Acid in Plant Cell Cultures.- Plant Cell and Tissue Culture of Cinchona Species.- The Production of Pyrethrins by Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium (Trev) Bocc..- Biosynthesis of Chorismate-Derived Quinones in Plant Cell Cultures.- The Role of Leucine in Terpenoid Metabolism: Incorporation of Leucine into Sesquiterpenoids and Phytosterols by Andrographis Tissue Cultures.- Accumulation of Antineoplastic Agents by Plant Tissue Cultures.- Induction of Enzymes of Phytoalexin Synthesis in Soybean Cells by Fungal Elicitor.- Protoplast Fusion of Secondary Metabolite-Producing Cells.- Conventional and New Approaches to Increase the Alkaloid Production of Plant Cell Cultures.- Multiple Shoot Cultures: A Viable Alternative in Vitro System for the Production of Known and New Biologically Active Plant Constituents.- IV Fermentation and Cryopreservation.- Large-Scale Production of Rosmarinic Acid from Plant Cell Cultures of Coleus blumei Benth..- Immobilised Plant Cell Culture Systems.- Biotransformation of Cardiac Glycosides by Digitalis Cell Cultures in Airlift Reactors.- Cryopreservation of Plant Cell Cultures.- V Herbicides.- Altered Amino Acid Biosynthesis in Amino Acid Analog and Herbicide-Resistant Cells.- Acetohydroxyacid Synthase Inhibitors as Herbicides.- A Glyphosate-Tolerant Plant Tissue Culture.- VI Plant Cell Culture - Future Perspectives.
321 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the inheritance characteristics of various substituents on the withanolide skeleton were analyzed based on the occurrence in per cent of each substituent in relation to the total withanolides content in the hybrid plants and their respective parents.
43 citations
TL;DR: Of the cytokinins tested, benzylaminopurine (BAP) was more effective than either 2-isopentenyladenine (2iP) or kinetin (Kin) and produced maximum proliferation when used at 5×10-6M.
Abstract: Successful vegetative propagation of seedling jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) has been achieved by in vitro methods. Proliferation from nodal explants was greater than from shoot tips. Of the cytokinins tested, benzylaminopurine (BAP) was more effective than either 2-isopentenyladenine (2iP) or kinetin (Kin) and produced maximum proliferation when used at 5×10-6M. Shoot proliferation was optimal at 30°C with a 12 h photoperiod. Optimal rooting of shoots in vitro was obtained with indolebutyric acid (IBA) at 10-6M. The number and length of roots was significantly increased in 12 h light as compared with the dark.
40 citations