Micropropagation of Withania somnifera from germinating seeds and shoot tips
TL;DR: Shoot multiplication was achieved in vitro from shoot tips of aseptically germinated seedlings of Withania somnifera L. with direct multiple shoot initiation from germinating seeds in the presence of BA alone.
Abstract: Shoot multiplication was achieved in vitro from shoot tips of aseptically germinated seedlings of Withania somnifera L. using low concentrations of 6-benzyladenine (BA), viz. 2.2, 4.4 and 8.9 μM. Maximum number of shoots were obtained when 2.3 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) or 2.5 μM indolebutyric acid (IBA) was added to medium containing 4.4 μM BA during initiation of shoot multiplication, but not when added later. Direct multiple shoot initiation was also obtained from germinating seeds in the presence of BA alone. Rooting was successful in excised shoots grown on growth regulator-free MS medium. Rooted shoots were successfully established in soil in a greenhouse.
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01 Mar 2013
TL;DR: An efficient protocol for rapid regeneration of shoots from leaf callus cultures of Drymaria cordata was developed and obtained plantlets were successfully hardened and transferred to soil.
Abstract: An efficient protocol for rapid regeneration of shoots from leaf callus cultures of Drymaria cordata was developed. Creamish white profuse callus proliferation was obtained on MS supplemented with NAA (2.69iM) + BAP (4.44iM) after three weeks of culture. The callus became green, compact and nodular on transfer to TDZ (0.91iM) supplemented medium. Shoot buds were initiated from the callus after 8 weeks of culture on the solid medium. The frequency of initiation of shoot buds could be enhanced if the green nodulated callus was transferred to filter paper placed on liquid MS medium supplemented with TDZ (2.27 – 4.54iM). The shoots have developed roots on IBA (0.49iM) supplemented MS solid medium. Thus obtained plantlets were successfully hardened and transferred to soil. Nearly 90% survival rate was recorded.
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Cites background from "Micropropagation of Withania somnif..."
...Somaclonal variant selection in in vitro culture is often achieved through indirect regenerations through callus cultures (Sen and Sharma, 1991)....
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01 Jan 2011
TL;DR: Better response of Poshita t han Jawahar 22 and explant Z exhibited superior response to X and Y in relation to the production of secondary metabolites, and total alkaloids and withanolides contents were analyzed.
Abstract: Multiple shoot induction (explants used: X - shoot tip ±2 .0 cm of 18 d ays old petri plate grown seedlings; Y - shoot tip ±2.0 cm of 30 d ays old nursery grown seedlings; Z - shoot tip ±2.0 cm of 185 d ays old in vitro regenerated plantlets f rom callus masses), elongation of shoots and root induction protocol was devel oped in Poshita and Jawahar 22 (highly recommended varieties) of Withania somnifera (L.) Duna l (Family: Solanaceae) using Murashige and Skoog basal media with various concentration of benzyl adenine , kinetin, indole butyric acid, indole acetic acid an d gibberelic acid in different combinations for each stages of development. Total alkaloids and withanolides (including withanolide A an d withaferin A estimated by High Performance Liquid Chromatography ) contents were also analyzed in multiple shoots (35 d ays and 65 d ays old) and in vitro rooted plants (40 d ays old). Results indic ated better response of Poshita t han Jawahar 22 and explant Z exhibited superior ity to X and Y in relation to the production of secondary metabolites.
1 citations
01 Jan 2015
TL;DR: The regenerated shoots of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal were morphologically uniform and exhibited similar growth characteristics and vegetative morphology to the donor plants.
Abstract: An efficient micropropagation protocol has been developed for rapid micropropagation of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal. Multiple shoots were induced by culturing axillary leaf explants excised from mature plants on Murashige and Skoog's basal medium supplemented with various combinations of BAP (N6 benzyle- aminopurine), Kn (Kinetin) & IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) formed direct shoot regeneration and indirect organogenesis through callus. The optimal level of BAP and IAA supplementation to the culture medium was 4.4 µM and 2.8 µM for 7 days to 10 days induction period followed by subculturing on Modified MS medium devoid of IAA produced maximum number of multiplication frequency (86%), mean number of shoots (20.5±0.4) and shoot length (1.6±0.3 cm) per explants. The regenerated shoots rooted best on half-strength MS medium supplemented with IBA 6.8 µM or NAA (α- naphthalene acetic acid) 7.5 µM. The micropropagated shoots with well developed roots were successfully established in pots containing a mixture of garden soil, sand and vermicompost (1:1:1 v/v) and grown in green house with 100% survival rate. The regenerated plants were morphologically uniform and exhibited similar growth characteristics and vegetative morphology to the donor plants.
1 citations
Cites background from "Micropropagation of Withania somnif..."
...There are a number of reports on in vitro studies on shoot tips and seedlings (Sen and Sharma 1991, Supe et al. 2006), axillary buds (Rani and Grover 1999, Vadawale et al. 2004, Sivanesan 2007), node (Sivanesan and Murugesan 2008, Biswal et al. 2008), internode, hypocotyls and embryo explants…...
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TL;DR: An efficient and improved protocol for in vitro seed germination and seedling development technique of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal have been developed and Murashige and Skoog medium containing 3.0 mg l-1 gibberellic acid (GA3) was found effective for maximum germination percentage.
Abstract: An efficient and improved protocol for in vitro seed germination and seedling development technique of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal have been developed. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 3.0 mg l-1 gibberellic acid (GA3) and 3.0 mg l-1 Kinetin (Kn) was found effective for maximum germination percentage (92.67), germination rate (1.83), germination value (56.07) and seedling vigour index (875.73). Whereas minimum days required for germination (8.30), maximum germination speed (6.15), shoot length (7.72 cm), weight of shoot (4.48 g), weight of root (1.83 g), fresh weight of seedlings (5.91 g), dry weight of seedlings (0.78 g), number of leaves per plantlet (5.57) and plant height (8.79 cm) was recorded in MS medium containing 5.0 mg l-1 GA3 and 5.0 mg l-1 Kn. The present protocol clearly describes that W. somnifera (L.) Dunal seeds should be germinated first in MS medium containing 3.0 mg l-1 GA3 and 3.0 mg l-1 Kn and after that the completely germinated seeds should be subcultured in MS medium supplemented with growth hormones 5.0 mg l-1 GA3 and 5.0 mg l-1 Kn for seedling development.
Key words: In vitro, seed germination, seedling development, Withania, medicinal herb.
1 citations
Cites background from "Micropropagation of Withania somnif..."
...Commonly Withania propagated commercially by the means of seeds because of the lack of natural ability for vegetative propagation but the seed viability is limited to one year making the long duration seed storage futile (Sen and Sharma, 1991; Rani and Grover, 1999; Farooqi and Sreeramu, 2004)....
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TL;DR: In the pharmaceutical enterprise, traditional/herbal remedies and commercial drug sources Withania somnifera and Withania coagulans received excellent scores as mentioned in this paper , however, the toxicity of plant components extracted using different solvent systems is yet to be ascertained.
1 citations
References
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TL;DR: In vivo redox biosensing resolves the spatiotemporal dynamics of compartmental responses to local ROS generation and provide a basis for understanding how compartment-specific redox dynamics may operate in retrograde signaling and stress 67 acclimation in plants.
Abstract: In experiments with tobacco tissue cultured on White's modified medium (basal meditmi hi Tnhles 1 and 2) supplemenk'd with kiticthi and hidoleacctic acid, a slrikin^' fourlo (ive-told intTease iu yield was ohtaitu-d within a three to Tour week j^rowth period on addition of an aqtteotis exlrarl of tobacco leaves (Fi^'ures 1 and 2). Subse(iueutly it was found Ihiit this jnoniotiou oi' f^rowih was due mainly though nol entirely to inorj^auic rather than organic con.stitttenls in the extract. In the isolation of Rrowth factors from plant tissues and other sources inorj '̂anic salts are fre(|uently carried along with fhe organic fraclioits. When tissue cultures are used for bioassays, therefore, il is necessary lo lake into account increases in growth which may result from nutrient elements or other known constituents of the medium which may he present in the te.st materials. To minimize interference trom rontaminaitis of this type, an altempt has heen made to de\\eh)p a nieditmi with such adequate supplies of all re(iuired tnineral nutrients and cotntnott orgattic cottslitueitls that no apprecial»le change in growth rate or yield will result from the inlroduclion of additional amounts in the range ordinarily expected to be present in tnaterials to be assayed. As a point of referetice for this work some of the culture media in mc)st common current use will he cotisidered briefly. For ease of comparis4)n Iheir mineral compositions are listed in Tables 1 and 2. White's nutrient .solution, designed originally for excised root cultures, was based on Uspeuski and Uspetiskaia's medium for algae and Trelease and Trelease's micronutrieni solution. This medium also was employed successfully in the original cttltivation of callus from the tobacco Iiybrid Nicotiana gtauca x A', tanijadorffii, atitl as further modified by White in 194̂ ^ and by others it has been used for the
63,098 citations
01 Jan 1962
16,251 citations
01 Jan 1985
TL;DR: From Metabolism and Osmotic Work to Totipotency and Morphogenesis: A Study of Limitations Versus Multiple Interactions.
Abstract: I From Metabolism and Osmotic Work to Totipotency and Morphogenesis: A Study of Limitations Versus Multiple Interactions.- II Primary Metabolism.- Photosynthetic Carbon Metabolism in Photoautotrophic Cell Suspension Cultures of Chenopodium rubrum L..- On the Photosynthetic System and Assimilate Metabolism of Daucus and Arachis Cell Cultures.- Regulation of Carbon and Nitrogen Assimilation Pathways in Tobacco Cell Suspension Cultures in Relation with Ultrastructural and Biochemical Development of the Photosynthetic Apparatus.- Application of Gas Analysis to Continuous Culture.- Carbohydrate Source, Biomass Productivity and Natural Product Yield in Cell Suspension Cultures.- Nitrogen Metabolism of Leaf and Microspore Callus of Betula pendula.- III Secondary Metabolism.- 4-Coumarate: CoA Ligase in Wild Carrot Cell Culture Clones Which Accumulate Different Amounts of Anthocyanin.- Induction of Anthocyanin Synthesis in Relation to Embryogenesis in a Carrot Suspension Culture - A Model System for the Study of Expression and Repression of Secondary Metabolism.- Metabolism of Quinolizidine Alkaloids in Plants and Cell Suspension Cultures: Induction and Degradation.- Production of Alkaloids by Ergot (Claviceps fusiformis Lov.) on Pennisetum typhoides (Burm.) Stapf and Hubb. in Vitro.- Compartmentation of Alkaloids in a Cell Suspension of Catharanthus roseus: A Reappraisal of the Role of pH Gradients.- Studies on Variability of Plant Tissue Cultures for Alkaloid Production in Catharanthus roseus and Papaver somniferum Callus Cultures.- Biosynthesis and Accumulation of Indole Alkaloids in Cell Suspension Cultures of Catharanthus roseus Cultivars.- Formation of Cardenolides in Cell and Organ Cultures of Digitalis lanata.- Metabolism of Caffeoyl Derivatives in Plant Cell Cultures.- Metabolic Relationships of Putrescine, GABA and Alkaloids in Cell and Root Cultures of Solanaceae.- Metabolism and Degradation of Nicotinic Acid in Plant Cell Cultures.- Plant Cell and Tissue Culture of Cinchona Species.- The Production of Pyrethrins by Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium (Trev) Bocc..- Biosynthesis of Chorismate-Derived Quinones in Plant Cell Cultures.- The Role of Leucine in Terpenoid Metabolism: Incorporation of Leucine into Sesquiterpenoids and Phytosterols by Andrographis Tissue Cultures.- Accumulation of Antineoplastic Agents by Plant Tissue Cultures.- Induction of Enzymes of Phytoalexin Synthesis in Soybean Cells by Fungal Elicitor.- Protoplast Fusion of Secondary Metabolite-Producing Cells.- Conventional and New Approaches to Increase the Alkaloid Production of Plant Cell Cultures.- Multiple Shoot Cultures: A Viable Alternative in Vitro System for the Production of Known and New Biologically Active Plant Constituents.- IV Fermentation and Cryopreservation.- Large-Scale Production of Rosmarinic Acid from Plant Cell Cultures of Coleus blumei Benth..- Immobilised Plant Cell Culture Systems.- Biotransformation of Cardiac Glycosides by Digitalis Cell Cultures in Airlift Reactors.- Cryopreservation of Plant Cell Cultures.- V Herbicides.- Altered Amino Acid Biosynthesis in Amino Acid Analog and Herbicide-Resistant Cells.- Acetohydroxyacid Synthase Inhibitors as Herbicides.- A Glyphosate-Tolerant Plant Tissue Culture.- VI Plant Cell Culture - Future Perspectives.
321 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the inheritance characteristics of various substituents on the withanolide skeleton were analyzed based on the occurrence in per cent of each substituent in relation to the total withanolides content in the hybrid plants and their respective parents.
43 citations
TL;DR: Of the cytokinins tested, benzylaminopurine (BAP) was more effective than either 2-isopentenyladenine (2iP) or kinetin (Kin) and produced maximum proliferation when used at 5×10-6M.
Abstract: Successful vegetative propagation of seedling jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) has been achieved by in vitro methods. Proliferation from nodal explants was greater than from shoot tips. Of the cytokinins tested, benzylaminopurine (BAP) was more effective than either 2-isopentenyladenine (2iP) or kinetin (Kin) and produced maximum proliferation when used at 5×10-6M. Shoot proliferation was optimal at 30°C with a 12 h photoperiod. Optimal rooting of shoots in vitro was obtained with indolebutyric acid (IBA) at 10-6M. The number and length of roots was significantly increased in 12 h light as compared with the dark.
40 citations