Micropropagation of Withania somnifera from germinating seeds and shoot tips
TL;DR: Shoot multiplication was achieved in vitro from shoot tips of aseptically germinated seedlings of Withania somnifera L. with direct multiple shoot initiation from germinating seeds in the presence of BA alone.
Abstract: Shoot multiplication was achieved in vitro from shoot tips of aseptically germinated seedlings of Withania somnifera L. using low concentrations of 6-benzyladenine (BA), viz. 2.2, 4.4 and 8.9 μM. Maximum number of shoots were obtained when 2.3 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) or 2.5 μM indolebutyric acid (IBA) was added to medium containing 4.4 μM BA during initiation of shoot multiplication, but not when added later. Direct multiple shoot initiation was also obtained from germinating seeds in the presence of BA alone. Rooting was successful in excised shoots grown on growth regulator-free MS medium. Rooted shoots were successfully established in soil in a greenhouse.
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TL;DR: The present regeneration process not only favoured the rapid multiplication but also expressed the regeneration capability of micropropagated plants.
Abstract: An efficient method for cultivation of Vitex negundo L. through axillary shoot (collected from micropropagated plants) proliferation has been successfully developed, which can be employed at a commercial scale. Axillary shoot induction was most successful using nodal explants for propagation on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with various concentrations of single cytokinin or in various combination with auxins. We obtained the maximum percentage (97.6 ± 1.45) response with highest number (16.4 ± 0.60) of shoots per explant on MS medium supplemented with 6-benzyladenine (BA) and α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) at concentrations of 5.0 and 0.5 μM, respectively. Shoot regeneration frequency was optimized by manipulating pH and using various media. MS medium and pH 5.8 was found to be the optimum for maximum regeneration. Nodal explants from in vitro regenerated microshoots too developed shoots, thus making the process recurrent. Shootlets with 4–5 nodes were utilized for in vitro rooting, and best response was evaluated on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). The well-developed micropropagated plants were acclimatized (97%) successfully within 2 weeks in soilrite and planted ex vitro in normal garden soil, where they grew well without any morphological and genetic variations. The present regeneration process not only favoured the rapid multiplication but also expressed the regeneration capability of micropropagated plants.
45 citations
Cites result from "Micropropagation of Withania somnif..."
...These findings are in consonance with the results obtained earlier in Withania somnifera (Sen and Sharma 1991), Vitex negundo (Sahoo and Chand 1998), Rauvolfia tetraphylla (Faisal and Anis 2002) and Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (Ahmad and Anis 2007b)....
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TL;DR: An efficient plant regeneration protocol has been developed from nodal explants of Ocimum kilimandscharicum Guerke, a medicinally important herbaceous plant species belonging to the family Lamiaceae, and can be used for commercial propagation and for future genetic improvement studies.
Abstract: An efficient plant regeneration protocol has been developed from nodal explants of Ocimum kilimandscharicum Guerke, a medicinally important herbaceous plant species belonging to the family Lamiaceae. Axillary shoot bud proliferation was initiated from nodal explants cultured on MS medium supplemented with various concentrations of 6-benzyladenine (BA) (0.5–3.0 mg/l), kinetin (KN) (0.5–3.0 mg/l) and 2-isoPentenyladenine (2-iP) (0.5–3.0 mg/l). The maximum number of shoots (6.09±0.05), with average length 3.83±0.11 cm, was achieved with medium containing 1.0 mg/l BA. Shoot culture was established by repeated subculturing of the original nodal explants on shoot multiplication medium after each harvest of newly formed shoots. In this way, 20–30 shoots were obtained from a single nodal explant after 5 months. Rooting of shoots was achieved on half-strength MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/1 Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 2% sucrose. Well-developed plantlets transferred to plastic pots containing soil and vermiculite (1:1) showed 81.13% survival. The genetic fidelity of in-vitro-raised field-grown plants to the donor plant was ascertained from random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. This protocol can be used for commercial propagation and for future genetic improvement studies.
41 citations
Book•
01 Jan 2010
TL;DR: Biotechnological approaches to aphrodisiac plants of Rajasthan, India and genetic variation in Tunisian date-palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) are studied.
Abstract: Section A: General biology.- 1 Biodiversity, Biology and conservation of medicinal plants of Thar desert.- Arora J, Goyal S and Ramawat KG.- 2 Potentiality of hydrocarbon yielding plants for future energy and chemicals Kalita D.- 3 Biology and biotechnology advances in Jatropha curcas- A biodiesel plant Reddy MP.- 4 Biology of annual plants in arid and semi-arid desert regions of China Li X.- 5 Soil biology in traditional agroforestry systems of Indian Desert Sundaramoorthy S, Mehar SK, Suthar MS.- 6 Aspects of mycorhizae in desert plants Apple ME.- 7 Anatomical variations in woody plants of arid areas Yang S, Ikiuo F, Jiang Z.- 8 Diversity and conservation in cactus family P. Ortega-Baes et al.- Section B: Reproductive biology.- 9 Reproductive biology of some gum producing Indian desert plants.- Tandon R, Shivanna KR, Mahan Ram HY.-10 Reproductive biology of Cactaceae.- Mandujano MDC, Carillo-Angeles I, Martinez-Peralta C, Golubov J.- 11 Parthenocarpy and seed production in Burseraceae Ramos-Ordonez MF, Marquez-Guzman J, Coro-Arizmendi MD.- Section C: Ecophysiological studies.- 12 Photosynthesis of C 4 desert plants.- Su P.- 13 Polyamines and plant adaptation to saline environment.- Kuznetsov VV, Shevyakova NI.- 14 Ecology of Inland saline plants Kasera PK, Mohammed S.- 15 Ecophysiology of Prosopis species from arid land of Argentina: what do we know about adaptation to stressful environments? Villagra PE, Vilela A, Giordano C, Alvarez JA.- 16 Plant growth inhibitors from mesquite (Prosopis juliflora).- Nakano H.- Section D: Biotechnological studies.- 17 Genetic variation in Tunisian date-palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.).- Rhouma S, Zehdi -Azouzi S,Dakhlaoui-Dkhil S, Ould Mohamed Salem AOB, Othmani A, Cherif E, Marakachi M, Trifi M .- 18 Biology and muliplication of Prosopis species grown in.- Thar Desert.- Raj Bhansali R.- 19 Biotechnology advances in jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis).- Reddy MP, Chikara J.- 20 DatePalm Cultivation in Changing scenario of Indian Arid Zone: Challenges and Prospects.- Raj Bhansali R.- 21 Runoff-rainwater for sustainable desert farming.- Luttge U.- 22 Biotechnological approaches to aphrodisiac plants of Rajasthan, India .- Jain N, Goyal S, Ramawat KG.
40 citations
TL;DR: Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with BA was found to be most effective in breaking bud dormancy and regenerated microshoots showed the most efficient rooting on half strength MS medium augmented with 0.5 M IBA.
Abstract: An efficient protocol has been developed for rapid in vitro propagation of Eclipta alba L. (Asteraceae) through axillary bud multiplication. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with BA (10 M) was found to be most effective in breaking bud dormancy. An average number of 23 ± 0.57 shoots per explant was recorded after 30 days. Culture of node segments on fresh medium with lower concentration of BA (2 M) enhanced the multiplication rate. A maximum of 79 ± 1.90 mean number of shoots were obtained after three subcultures without any decline in multiplication rate. The regenerated microshoots showed the most efficient rooting on half strength MS medium augmented with 0.5 M IBA. Plantlets went through a hardening phase prior to ex vitro transfer and established in earthen pots containing garden soil; survival of about 90%. The established plants were uniform and exhibited morphological characters identical to mother plants.
40 citations
Cites background from "Micropropagation of Withania somnif..."
...By in creas ing the con cen tra tion of BA be yond the op ti mal level, a grad ual re duc tion in the num ber of shoots was also re ported for sev eral me dic i nal plants in clud ing Withania somnifera (Sen and Sharma 1991), Tylo - phora in dica (Faisal and Anis 2003)....
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TL;DR: Seed explants, Withania somnifera, Micropropagation, and Plant Tissue Cult.
Abstract: Key words: Seed explants, Withania somnifera , Micropropagation DOI = 10.3329/ptcb.v16i2.1112 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 16(2): 111-115, 2006 (December)
38 citations
Cites background from "Micropropagation of Withania somnif..."
...Keeping this fact in view, the present investigation was carried out for in vitro regeneration of plantlets followed by successful ex vitro establishment of regenerated plants (Sen and Sharma 1991)....
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References
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TL;DR: In vivo redox biosensing resolves the spatiotemporal dynamics of compartmental responses to local ROS generation and provide a basis for understanding how compartment-specific redox dynamics may operate in retrograde signaling and stress 67 acclimation in plants.
Abstract: In experiments with tobacco tissue cultured on White's modified medium (basal meditmi hi Tnhles 1 and 2) supplemenk'd with kiticthi and hidoleacctic acid, a slrikin^' fourlo (ive-told intTease iu yield was ohtaitu-d within a three to Tour week j^rowth period on addition of an aqtteotis exlrarl of tobacco leaves (Fi^'ures 1 and 2). Subse(iueutly it was found Ihiit this jnoniotiou oi' f^rowih was due mainly though nol entirely to inorj^auic rather than organic con.stitttenls in the extract. In the isolation of Rrowth factors from plant tissues and other sources inorj '̂anic salts are fre(|uently carried along with fhe organic fraclioits. When tissue cultures are used for bioassays, therefore, il is necessary lo lake into account increases in growth which may result from nutrient elements or other known constituents of the medium which may he present in the te.st materials. To minimize interference trom rontaminaitis of this type, an altempt has heen made to de\\eh)p a nieditmi with such adequate supplies of all re(iuired tnineral nutrients and cotntnott orgattic cottslitueitls that no apprecial»le change in growth rate or yield will result from the inlroduclion of additional amounts in the range ordinarily expected to be present in tnaterials to be assayed. As a point of referetice for this work some of the culture media in mc)st common current use will he cotisidered briefly. For ease of comparis4)n Iheir mineral compositions are listed in Tables 1 and 2. White's nutrient .solution, designed originally for excised root cultures, was based on Uspeuski and Uspetiskaia's medium for algae and Trelease and Trelease's micronutrieni solution. This medium also was employed successfully in the original cttltivation of callus from the tobacco Iiybrid Nicotiana gtauca x A', tanijadorffii, atitl as further modified by White in 194̂ ^ and by others it has been used for the
63,098 citations
01 Jan 1962
16,251 citations
01 Jan 1985
TL;DR: From Metabolism and Osmotic Work to Totipotency and Morphogenesis: A Study of Limitations Versus Multiple Interactions.
Abstract: I From Metabolism and Osmotic Work to Totipotency and Morphogenesis: A Study of Limitations Versus Multiple Interactions.- II Primary Metabolism.- Photosynthetic Carbon Metabolism in Photoautotrophic Cell Suspension Cultures of Chenopodium rubrum L..- On the Photosynthetic System and Assimilate Metabolism of Daucus and Arachis Cell Cultures.- Regulation of Carbon and Nitrogen Assimilation Pathways in Tobacco Cell Suspension Cultures in Relation with Ultrastructural and Biochemical Development of the Photosynthetic Apparatus.- Application of Gas Analysis to Continuous Culture.- Carbohydrate Source, Biomass Productivity and Natural Product Yield in Cell Suspension Cultures.- Nitrogen Metabolism of Leaf and Microspore Callus of Betula pendula.- III Secondary Metabolism.- 4-Coumarate: CoA Ligase in Wild Carrot Cell Culture Clones Which Accumulate Different Amounts of Anthocyanin.- Induction of Anthocyanin Synthesis in Relation to Embryogenesis in a Carrot Suspension Culture - A Model System for the Study of Expression and Repression of Secondary Metabolism.- Metabolism of Quinolizidine Alkaloids in Plants and Cell Suspension Cultures: Induction and Degradation.- Production of Alkaloids by Ergot (Claviceps fusiformis Lov.) on Pennisetum typhoides (Burm.) Stapf and Hubb. in Vitro.- Compartmentation of Alkaloids in a Cell Suspension of Catharanthus roseus: A Reappraisal of the Role of pH Gradients.- Studies on Variability of Plant Tissue Cultures for Alkaloid Production in Catharanthus roseus and Papaver somniferum Callus Cultures.- Biosynthesis and Accumulation of Indole Alkaloids in Cell Suspension Cultures of Catharanthus roseus Cultivars.- Formation of Cardenolides in Cell and Organ Cultures of Digitalis lanata.- Metabolism of Caffeoyl Derivatives in Plant Cell Cultures.- Metabolic Relationships of Putrescine, GABA and Alkaloids in Cell and Root Cultures of Solanaceae.- Metabolism and Degradation of Nicotinic Acid in Plant Cell Cultures.- Plant Cell and Tissue Culture of Cinchona Species.- The Production of Pyrethrins by Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium (Trev) Bocc..- Biosynthesis of Chorismate-Derived Quinones in Plant Cell Cultures.- The Role of Leucine in Terpenoid Metabolism: Incorporation of Leucine into Sesquiterpenoids and Phytosterols by Andrographis Tissue Cultures.- Accumulation of Antineoplastic Agents by Plant Tissue Cultures.- Induction of Enzymes of Phytoalexin Synthesis in Soybean Cells by Fungal Elicitor.- Protoplast Fusion of Secondary Metabolite-Producing Cells.- Conventional and New Approaches to Increase the Alkaloid Production of Plant Cell Cultures.- Multiple Shoot Cultures: A Viable Alternative in Vitro System for the Production of Known and New Biologically Active Plant Constituents.- IV Fermentation and Cryopreservation.- Large-Scale Production of Rosmarinic Acid from Plant Cell Cultures of Coleus blumei Benth..- Immobilised Plant Cell Culture Systems.- Biotransformation of Cardiac Glycosides by Digitalis Cell Cultures in Airlift Reactors.- Cryopreservation of Plant Cell Cultures.- V Herbicides.- Altered Amino Acid Biosynthesis in Amino Acid Analog and Herbicide-Resistant Cells.- Acetohydroxyacid Synthase Inhibitors as Herbicides.- A Glyphosate-Tolerant Plant Tissue Culture.- VI Plant Cell Culture - Future Perspectives.
321 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the inheritance characteristics of various substituents on the withanolide skeleton were analyzed based on the occurrence in per cent of each substituent in relation to the total withanolides content in the hybrid plants and their respective parents.
43 citations
TL;DR: Of the cytokinins tested, benzylaminopurine (BAP) was more effective than either 2-isopentenyladenine (2iP) or kinetin (Kin) and produced maximum proliferation when used at 5×10-6M.
Abstract: Successful vegetative propagation of seedling jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) has been achieved by in vitro methods. Proliferation from nodal explants was greater than from shoot tips. Of the cytokinins tested, benzylaminopurine (BAP) was more effective than either 2-isopentenyladenine (2iP) or kinetin (Kin) and produced maximum proliferation when used at 5×10-6M. Shoot proliferation was optimal at 30°C with a 12 h photoperiod. Optimal rooting of shoots in vitro was obtained with indolebutyric acid (IBA) at 10-6M. The number and length of roots was significantly increased in 12 h light as compared with the dark.
40 citations