Microstructure and mechanical properties of ultrafine-grained Fe-14Cr and ODS Fe-14Cr model alloys.
TL;DR: In this article, the reduced activation ferritic Fe-14-wt%Cr and Fe- 14-t%Cr-0.3%Y 2 O 3 alloys were produced by mechanical alloying and hot isostatic pressing followed by forging and heat treating.
About: This article is published in Journal of Nuclear Materials.The article was published on 2011-10-01 and is currently open access. It has received 36 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Hot isostatic pressing & Heat treating.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique has been explored as an alternative consolidation route for producing ultra-fine grained Fe-14Cr model alloys containing a dispersion of oxide nanoparticles.
66 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the correlation between microstructure and mechanical properties was analyzed by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) equipped with energy- dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX) and electron energy loss spectrometers (EELS).
62 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the feasibility of ODS steel fabrication by means of spark plasma sintering on a semi-industrial scale was demonstrated, where hot extrusion was successfully applied to produce a 2.5 kilogram batch of high-chromium steels.
57 citations
30 Oct 2012-Materials Science and Engineering A-structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing
TL;DR: In this article, a 14Cr oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) steel bar was characterized by different microstructural techniques in order to evaluate the link between its microstructure and the mechanical properties achieved.
Abstract: A Fe–14Cr–1W–0.4Ti–0.3Y203 ferritic steel bar was characterised by different microstructural techniques in order to evaluate the link between its microstructure and the mechanical properties achieved. This bar was produced by mechanical alloying of a pre-alloyed gas atomised powder with yttria particles, followed by hot extrusion and subsequently annealing. The knowledge of the microstructure of this 14Cr oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) steel allows for the explanation of the mechanical properties observed, such as the decrease of the ductility found in the transverse orientation of the bar, the existence of zig-zag crack paths in the broken specimens after the impact tests at low temperatures and the appearance of delaminations when the temperature is increased.
43 citations
27 Jan 2016-Materials Science and Engineering A-structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing
TL;DR: In this article, an oxide dispersed strengthened alloy with 12 mass percent Cr, manufactured by mechanical alloying, hot extrusion and cold rolling, was investigated by means of small punch tests and subsequent fractographic analysis.
Abstract: Oxide dispersed strengthened steels can exhibit a strongly anisotropic microstructure with elongated pancake-like grains in the rolling plane. This gives rise to intergranular fracture and subsequent delamination along large-area grain boundaries. We investigated an oxide dispersed strengthened alloy with 12 mass percent Cr, manufactured by mechanical alloying, hot extrusion and cold rolling by means small punch tests and subsequent fractographic analysis. The fracture behaviour was analysed in dependence of the specimen orientation. The results from small punch tests were contrasted with those from impact tests with sub-sized samples. In both tests, the ductile to brittle transition temperatures as well as the upper shelf energies depend significantly on the orientation of the specimens. However, the delamination affects the fracture of impact and small punch test samples in different ways. Thus, it depends on the load situation whether delamination has a beneficial or a detrimental effect on the fracture behaviour.
36 citations
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01 Nov 2005
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the results of the 23rd SOFT Conference, Venice, Italy (2004) Reference CRPP-CONF-2005-006 Record created on 2008-05-13, modified on 2017-05/12
Abstract: Note: Proc. 23rd SOFT Conference, Venice, Italy (2004) Reference CRPP-CONF-2005-006 Record created on 2008-05-13, modified on 2017-05-12
424 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the development of fundamental knowledge to support alloy design strategies for resistance to irradiation and to form a scientific basis to develop better materials is discussed, and a database supporting designs is presented.
264 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed European activity in the development of reduced activation ferritic/martensitic (RAFM) steels for future fusion reactor applications at temperatures below about 350°C.
Abstract: Reduced activation ferritic/martensitic (RAFM) steels are the reference structural materials for future fusion reactors. They have proven to be a good alternative to austenitic steels for their higher swelling resistance, lower damage accumulation and improved thermal properties. However, irradiated RAFM steels exhibit a low temperature hardening and an increase in the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature, which imposes a severe restriction on reactor applications at temperatures below about 350°C. Furthermore, a high density of small cavities (voids or helium bubbles) has been recently evidenced in specimens irradiated with a mixed spectrum of neutrons and protons at about 300°C at a dose of 10 dpa, which could affect their fracture properties at intermediate temperatures. The upper temperature for the use of RAFM steels is presently limited by a drop in mechanical strength at about 500°C. New variants that can withstand higher temperatures are currently being developed, mainly using a stable oxide dispersion. This paper reviews European activity in the development of RAFM steels.
122 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an analysis of oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) reduced activation ferritic (RAF) steels was carried out in terms of microstructure and mechanical properties, and the results showed that 14Cr ODS RAF steels exhibit higher tensile strength and better Charpy impact properties and are more stable than 12Cr materials (no risk of martensitic transformation), while materials with 0.5% Ti or more should not be further investigated.
Abstract: As the upper temperature for use of reduced activation ferritic/martensitic steels is presently limited by a drop in mechanical strength at about 550 degrees C, Europe, Japan and the US are actively researching steels with high strength at higher operating temperatures, mainly using stable oxide dispersion. In addition, the numerous interfaces between matrix and oxide particles are expected to act as sinks for the irradiation-induced defects. The main RD activities aim at finding a compromise between good tensile and creep strength and sufficient ductility, especially in terms of fracture toughness. Oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) reduced activation ferritic (RAF) steels appear as promising materials for application in fusion power reactors up to about 750 degrees C. Six different ODS RAF steels, with compositions of Fe-(12-14)Cr-2W-(0.1-0.3-0.5)Ti-0.3Y(2)O(3) (in wt%), were produced by powder metallurgy techniques, including mechanical alloying, canning and degassing of the milled powders and compaction of the powders by hot isostatic pressing, using various devices and conditions. The materials have been characterized in terms of microstructure and mechanical properties. The results have been analysed in terms of optimal chemical composition and manufacturing conditions. In particular, it was found that the composition of the materials should lie in the range Fe-14Cr-2W-(0.3-0.4)Ti-(0.25-0.3)Y2O3, as 14Cr ODS RAF steels exhibit higher tensile strength and better Charpy impact properties and are more stable than 12Cr materials (no risk of martensitic transformation), while materials with 0.5% Ti or more should not be further investigated, due to potential embrittlement by large TiO2 particles.
38 citations
TL;DR: In this article, two model Fe-14Cr alloys, one containing 0.3 wt.% of Y2O3 particles, were fabricated by mechanical alloying of Fe and Cr elemental powders under a He atmosphere.
22 citations