Migrant Networks in the Urban Labour Market: Evidence from India
TL;DR: In this article, the authors measured various aspects of migrant networks such as size, diversity, efficiency and experience content and estimated their effect on probability of employment, and found that the share of employed workers in a migrant network positively affects the employment outcome through weak ties.
Abstract: This paper analyses the informal channels of the job search process through migrant networks in the urban labour markets in developing countries. Using a novel approach and nationwide sample survey, we measure various aspects of migrant networks such as size, diversity, efficiency and experience content and estimate their effect on probability of employment. Our findings suggest that migrant stock (having experience content) has an inverted-U relationship with the probability of finding a job for a migrant. The share of employed workers in a migrant network (efficiency) and different origin identity (diversity) positively affect the employment outcome through weak ties. Further, the migrant network effect is more active in larger cities as compared to smaller urban areas. The implications of this study indicate towards the importance of non-market informal channels in job searches and the need for integrating labour markets to harness the benefits of larger positive network externalities.
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01 Jan 2010
TL;DR: In this article, the International Seminar on Information and Communication Technology Statistics, 19-21 July 2010, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 19 and 21 July 2010 was held. [
Abstract: Meeting: International Seminar on Information and Communication Technology Statistics, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 19-21 July 2010
619 citations
TL;DR: This paper argued that a transition from the low-productivity agricultural sector to the highproductivity manufacturing sector is necessary for structural change in the US economy and that the transition from low productivity agricultural sectors to high productivity manufacturing sectors is needed for economic growth.
Abstract: The overarching message from the growth literature is that a transition from the low-productivity agricultural sector to the high-productivity manufacturing sector is necessary for structural chang...
6 citations
Cites background from "Migrant Networks in the Urban Labou..."
...For rural out-migrants in India, Sharma and Das (2017) indicate migrant networks play a more significant role in securing employment in urban areas (rather than in small towns)....
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...As in India, nonfarm employment may serve as a primary driver of rural labor diversification in peri-urban areas....
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TL;DR: In this article, a mixed method approach of social research with the data collection techniques of participant observation, focused group discussion, in-depth interview and collection of secondary data from various government offices was used to understand the migrant labour dynamics, their negotiations and the policy and actions gaps towards beneficial of the labour rights.
Abstract: This paper deals with seasonal migration of labour in the high altitude Leh town. Ladakh region has emerged as an attractive spot for investment due to tourism, strategic importance and cultural diversity which subsequently generated employment in the informal sector and seasonal jobs. Low population density but high labour demand in this region has led to the labour in-migration from within the state, other developing Indian states (like Bihar, UP, Odisha, Jharkhand etc.) of India as well as from Nepal. Due to extreme climate, access barrier and high transport cost, labourers are compelled to move there in the ‘summer’ only, where there are comparatively higher income opportunities. This paper aims to understand the migrant labour dynamics, their negotiations and the policy and actions gaps towards beneficial of the labour rights. This study was conducted with the mixed method approach of social research with the data collection techniques of participant observation, focused group discussion, in-depth interview and collection of secondary data from various government offices. Findings reveal the precarious conditions of the seasonal labours in their workplace and staying, violations of labour rights, lack of organisation, local bias towards them.
3 citations
Additional excerpts
...(Granovetter, 2005; Mitra, 2010; Wahba & Zenou, 2005; Zhang & Xie, 2013; Zhou & Logan 1989; Sharma & Das, 2017)....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors used a large sample survey-based nationally representative data set and different probability models to investigate how MGNREGS influences individuals' seasonal rural out-migration decisions.
2 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss how social structures and social networks can affect economic outcomes like hiring, price, productivity, and innovation, focusing on Sociologists have developed core principles about the interactions of social structure, information, ability to punish or reward, and trust.
Abstract: This chapter begins by reviewing some of the principles. Building on these, the chapter then discusses how social structures and social networks can affect economic outcomes like hiring, price, productivity, and innovation. It focuses on Sociologists have developed core principles about the interactions of social structure, information, ability to punish or reward, and trust that frequently recur in their analyses of political, economic, and other institutions. Thus, network structure can be partially endogenized in labor market analysis. However, there are also a range of alternatives, not commonly included in economic analysis, that work through social groups and create compliance in less intrusive ways. Many studies, comprehensively reviewed in Roger Myersons, show the powerful impact of social structure and networks on the extent and source of innovation and its diffusion. When people trade with others they know, the impact of knowing each other on the price varies with their relationship, the cost of shifting to different partners, and the market situation.
2,493 citations
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1,255 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an intrinsic diversity ordering of communities is defined and is shown to be equivalent to stochastic ordering, and the sensitivity of an index to rare species is developed, culminating in a crossing-point theorem and a response theory to perturbations.
Abstract: This paper puts forth the view that diversity is an average property of a community and identifies that property as species rarity. An intrinsic diversity ordering of communities is defined and is shown to be equivalent to stochastic ordering. Also, the sensitivity of an index to rare species is developed, culminating in a crossing-point theorem and a response theory to perturbations. Diversity decompositions, analogous to the analysis of variance, are discussed for two-way classifications and mixtures. The paper concludes with a brief survey of genetic diversity, linguistic diversity, industrial concentration, and income inequality.
681 citations
"Migrant Networks in the Urban Labou..." refers background in this paper
...See Patil and Taillie (1982) for a detailed discussion on Shannon Index and its properties....
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TL;DR: The authors found that US-born citizens living in metropolitan areas where the share of foreign-born increased between 1970 and 1990, experienced a significant increase in their wages and prices of their housing.
Abstract: WhataretheeconomicconsequencestoU.S.nativesofthegrowingdiversity ofAmericancities?Istheirproductivityorutilityaffectedbyculturaldiversity asmeasuredbydiversityofcountriesofbirthofU.S.residents?Wedocument in this paper a very robust correlation: US-born citizens living in metropolitan areas where the share of foreign-born increased between 1970 and 1990, experiencedasignificantincreaseintheirwageandintherentalpriceoftheir housing. Such finding is economically significant and survives omitted variablebiasandendogeneitybias.Aspeopleandfirmsaremobileacrosscitiesin the long run we argue that, in equilibrium, these correlations are consistent with a net positive effect of cultural diversity on the productivity of natives.
668 citations
01 Jan 2010
TL;DR: In this article, the International Seminar on Information and Communication Technology Statistics, 19-21 July 2010, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 19 and 21 July 2010 was held. [
Abstract: Meeting: International Seminar on Information and Communication Technology Statistics, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 19-21 July 2010
619 citations