scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Journal ArticleDOI

Mild Cognitive Impairment and Nutrition in Old Adults

01 May 2014-Hanyang Medical Reviews (Hanyang University School of Medicine)-Vol. 34, Iss: 2, pp 53-59
TL;DR: Oxidative stress seems to play a key role in the development of cognitive impairment, thus, dietary and plasma antioxidants have been studied to investigate the effects on MCI, but the results are inconclusive.
Abstract: As the number of elderly in Korea is growing, the prevalence of cognitive impairment and dementia are increasing. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a transitional state between the cognitive changes of normal aging and dementia. As for the prevention of MCI and dementia, vascular risk factor control, physical activity, social engagement, recognition of depression and high quality diet are suggested. Many epidemiologic studies have reported that inadequate levels of folate, vitamin B12, and vitamin B6 increase the risk of MCI. Elevated plasma homocysteine, which is biochemically associated with low status of B vitamins, similarly increased the risk of MCI. However, B vitamin supplementation studies have not demonstrated a protective or therapeutic cognitive benefit. Oxidative stress seems to play a key role in the development of cognitive impairment, thus, dietary and plasma antioxidants have been studied to investigate the effects on MCI, but the results are inconclusive. Diet quality has been reported to be associated with MCI. In particular, Mediterranean diet has been proposed to provide benefits on cognitive decline, but results are inconsistent. Further studies are warranted to determine the association between nutritional status or diet quality and MCI.

Content maybe subject to copyright    Report

Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It was showed that the elderly who live alone are susceptible to cognitive impairment and depression, and factors including the number of daily meals, social contact, and self-perceived health status may affect cognition and depressive mood.
Abstract: Background and purpose With the rapid increase in the number of elderly people in Korea, multiple socio-economic problems have emerged. In 2015, 6.4 million people accounting for about 13% of the total population in Korea were aged 65 years and over. As the elderly population continues to grow, the elderly who live alone are also increasing. They have potential risks in medical and neuropsychological aspects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between cognition and socio-environmental status in the elderly who live alone. Methods This study was conducted on 512 people who live alone (equivalent to 1% of the total elderly people) in Daejeon Metropolitan City between April and November 2015. Structured questionnaires were used to investigate the general characteristics, socio-economic status, physical status, and mood for participants. Simple tests using Mini-Mental Status Examination-Demetia Screening, Geriatric Depression Scale and Korean-instrumental activities of daily living were also performed. Results Among the 512 participants, 109 participants (21.3%) had cognitive impairment, and 128 participants (25.0%) had depression. The number of daily meals, frequency of meeting with family, and depression were independent risk factors for cognitive impairment. Factors including the duration of living alone, cognitive impairment, poor self-perceived health status, frequency of meeting with family and duration of education were considered an independent risk factor for depression. Conclusions This study showed that the elderly who live alone are susceptible to cognitive impairment and depression, and factors including the number of daily meals, social contact, and self-perceived health status may affect cognition and depressive mood. Thus, physicians need to pay attention to management of major factors that may cause cognition impairment and depression in the elderly who live alone; in addition, they require ongoing community interest and support.

13 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: For all age groups, individuals with depression showed poorer health and nutritional intake than healthy individuals, demonstrating a correlation of depression with health andritional intake.
Abstract: This study aimed to provide supporting data for the management of dietary habits in depression by comparing health and nutrition in adult Korean women according to depression status. A total of 2,236 women aged between 19 and 64 years who participated in the 2013 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were divided into a depression group (n = 315) and a non-depression group (n = 1,921). Among 19-29-year-old women, the depression group showed higher proportions of individuals with impairment of everyday activities, menopause, and suicidal thoughts than the non-depression group. The depression group showed lower intake of cereal, chocolate, meat, and carbonated drinks, as well as a lower index of nutritional quality (INQ) for protein, iron, and niacin. Among 30-49-year-old women, the depression group showed higher proportions of individuals with impairment of everyday activities, chronic disease, stress, and suicidal thoughts. The depression group showed lower intake of rice with mixed grains and higher intake of instant and cup noodles than the non-depression group. Among 50-64-year-old women, the depression group showed higher proportions of individuals with impairment of everyday activities, menopause, stress, and suicidal thoughts. The depression group showed lower intake of vegetables, mushrooms, and seaweed, lower nutritional intake of fat, saturated fat, and n-3 fatty acids, as well as a lower INQ for niacin and a lower Recommended Food Score. For all age groups, individuals with depression showed poorer health and nutritional intake than healthy individuals, demonstrating a correlation of depression with health and nutritional intake.

11 citations


Cites methods from "Mild Cognitive Impairment and Nutri..."

  • ...[29] calculated the RFS using Korean foods to suit the domestic dietary environment, using categories of grains, beans, vegetables, seaweed, fruits, seafood, dairy, and nuts [30]....

    [...]

19 Dec 2013
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the association between serum levels of tocopherols and tocotrienols, markers of vitamin E oxidative/nitrosative damage (α-tocopherylquinone, 5-nitro-γ-tocopherol) and incidence of cognitive impairment.
Abstract: Background Vitamin E includes eight natural antioxidant compounds (four tocopherols and four tocotrienols), but α-tocopherol has been the main focus of investigation in studies of cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Objective To investigate the association between serum levels of tocopherols and tocotrienols, markers of vitamin E oxidative/nitrosative damage (α-tocopherylquinone, 5-nitro-γ-tocopherol) and incidence of cognitive impairment in a population-based study. Design A sample of 140 non-cognitively impaired elderly subjects derived from the Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Dementia (CAIDE) study was followed-up for 8 years to detect cognitive impairment, defined as development of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or Alzheimer's dementia. The association between baseline serum vitamin E and cognitive impairment was analyzed with multiple logistic regression after adjusting for several confounders. Results The risk of cognitive impairment was lower in subjects in the middle tertile of the γ-tocopherol/cholesterol ratio than in those in the lowest tertile: the multiadjusted odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was 0.27 (0.10–0.78). Higher incidence of cognitive impairment was found in the middle [OR (95% CI): 3.41 (1.29–9.06)] and highest [OR (95% CI): 2.89 (1.05–7.97)] tertiles of the 5-NO2-γ-tocopherol/γ-tocopherol ratio. Analyses of absolute serum levels of vitamin E showed lower risk of cognitive impairment in subjects with higher levels of γ-tocopherol, β-tocotrienol, and total tocotrienols. Conclusions Elevated levels of tocopherol and tocotrienol forms are associated with reduced risk of cognitive impairment in older adults. The association is modulated by concurrent cholesterol concentration. Various vitamin E forms might play a role in cognitive impairment, and their evaluation can provide a more accurate measure of vitamin E status in humans.

6 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is found that nutrient and food intake are closely related to MCI in Korean aged 50 years and older, but more human studies are needed to verify these findings.
Abstract: This study attempted to investigate whether nutrient and food intake were related with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in adults and elderly over 50 years of age in Korea. Questionnaires and anthropometric measurements were conducted on general aspects of the research, and food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) were conducted to determine nutritional status. The relative theta power (RTP) through electroencephalography (EEG) measurements, neurocognitive function test (NFT; CNS Vital Signs), and cognitive function was measured. The MCI group consumed significantly lower C18:4, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) among the N-3 fatty acids, N-6 fatty acids dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA), mono unsaturated fatty acids, C22:1, biotin, vitamin D in the nutrients, and sweet potato (12.35g/day, p = 0.015), mackerel (3.38g/day, p = 0.017), mandarin orange (p = 0.016), persimmon (p = 0.013) and apple (p = 0.023) in the food than the normal group did. And the MCI group consumed salted fish (3.14g/day, p = 0.041) and ice-cream (5.01g/day, p = 0.050) at a significantly higher level. Delayed verbal score, delayed visual score, and verbal memory score of the NFT and RTP values of the prefrontal cortex among the EEGs were significantly lower in the MCI group compared to those in the normal group. From this study, we found that nutrient and food intake are closely related to MCI in Korean aged 50 years and older, but more human studies are needed to verify these findings.

4 citations


Cites background from "Mild Cognitive Impairment and Nutri..."

  • ...However, in the result of a systematic review of eight cross-sectional studies and 13 prospective studies, there was no significant correlation in whether the intake of antioxidant nutrients from the diet improves cognitive ability or lowers the risk of dementia [3,31]....

    [...]

  • ...Recently, epidemiological studies and clinical studies have been conducted on the effects of vitamin C, vitamin E, manganese, copper, and zinc on cognitive function [3]....

    [...]

  • ...So the effective strategies for early prevention of dementia and delaying the onset of dementia are needed [2,3]....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
Bo Youl Choi1
TL;DR: This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecom mons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits un restricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the origi nal work is properly cited.
Abstract: This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecom mons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits un restricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the origi nal work is properly cited. Fig. 1. Possible causal pathways to explain the relationships between mental health and physical health. Behavioral factors Type I

Additional excerpts

  • ...첫번째 논문은 사회심리요인와 정신건강 상태를 평가할 수 있는 도구들을 다루었으며[3], 다음 두편의 논문 은 생활습관 요인 즉, 영양과 신체 활동이 정신 건강에 미치는 영향 에 대하여 다루었으며[4,5], 나머지 다섯편의 논문은 관상동맥질환 와 만성콩팥병, 장질환, 배뇨장애, 류마티스 질환 등의 신체적 질병 과 성격과 스트레스, 불안과 우울, 수면장애 등의 정신 건강간의 관 계를 다루었다[6-10]....

    [...]

References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Greater adherence to the traditional Mediterranean diet is associated with a significant reduction in total mortality.
Abstract: BACKGROUND Adherence to a Mediterranean diet may improve longevity, but relevant data are limited. METHODS We conducted a population-based, prospective investigation involving 22,043 adults in Greece who completed an extensive, validated, food-frequency questionnaire at base line. Adherence to the traditional Mediterranean diet was assessed by a 10-point Mediterranean-diet scale that incorporated the salient characteristics of this diet (range of scores, 0 to 9, with higher scores indicating greater adherence). We used proportional-hazards regression to assess the relation between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and total mortality, as well as mortality due to coronary heart disease and mortality due to cancer, with adjustment for age, sex, body-mass index, physical-activity level, and other potential confounders. RESULTS During a median of 44 months of follow-up, there were 275 deaths. A higher degree of adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with a reduction in total mortality (adjusted hazard ratio for death associated with a two-point increment in the Mediterranean-diet score, 0.75 [95 percent confidence interval, 0.64 to 0.87]). An inverse association with greater adherence to this diet was evident for both death due to coronary heart disease (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.67 [95 percent confidence interval, 0.47 to 0.94]) and death due to cancer (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.76 [95 percent confidence interval, 0.59 to 0.98]). Associations between individual food groups contributing to the Mediterranean-diet score and total mortality were generally not significant. CONCLUSIONS Greater adherence to the traditional Mediterranean diet is associated with a significant reduction in total mortality.

3,634 citations


Additional excerpts

  • ...MDS는 건강한 식사로 알려진 지중 해식 식사에 얼마나 가깝게 섭취하는지를 나타내는 점수로 Trichopoulou 등에 의해 소개되었다[38,39]....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Dementia developed in 111 subjects, including 83 given a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, over a median follow-up period of eight years, and plasma levels of folate and vitamins B12 and B6 increased.
Abstract: Background In cross-sectional studies, elevated plasma homocysteine levels have been associated with poor cognition and dementia. Studies of newly diagnosed dementia are required in order to establish whether the elevated homocysteine levels precede the onset of dementia or result from dementia-related nutritional and vitamin deficiencies. Methods A total of 1092 subjects without dementia (667 women and 425 men; mean age, 76 years) from the Framingham Study constituted our study sample. We examined the relation of the plasma total homocysteine level measured at base line and that measured eight years earlier to the risk of newly diagnosed dementia on follow-up. We used multivariable proportional-hazards regression to adjust for age, sex, apolipoprotein E genotype, vascular risk factors other than homocysteine, and plasma levels of folate and vitamins B12 and B6. Results Over a median follow-up period of eight years, dementia developed in 111 subjects, including 83 given a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease....

3,090 citations


Additional excerpts

  • ...1)으로 혈장 호모시스테인 농도의 증가가 치매와 알츠하이머 발생에 강한 독립적인 위험인자였다[7]....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Vitamin E had no benefit in patients with mild cognitive impairment and donepezil therapy was associated with a lower rate of progression to Alzheimer's disease during the first 12 months of treatment, a finding supported by the secondary outcome measures.
Abstract: background Mild cognitive impairment is a transitional state between the cognitive changes of normal aging and early Alzheimer’s disease. methods In a double-blind study, we evaluated subjects with the amnestic subtype of mild cognitive impairment. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive 2000 IU of vitamin E daily, 10 mg of donepezil daily, or placebo for three years. The primary outcome was clinically possible or probable Alzheimer’s disease; secondary outcomes were cognition and function. results A total of 769 subjects were enrolled, and possible or probable Alzheimer’s disease developed in 212. The overall rate of progression from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer’s disease was 16 percent per year. As compared with the placebo group, there were no significant differences in the probability of progression to Alzheimer’s disease in the vitamin E group (hazard ratio, 1.02; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.74 to 1.41; P=0.91) or the donepezil group (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.57 to 1.13; P=0.42) during the three years of treatment. Prespecified analyses of the treatment effects at 6-month intervals showed that as compared with the placebo group, the donepezil group had a reduced likelihood of progression to Alzheimer’s disease during the first 12 months of the study (P=0.04), a finding supported by the secondary outcome measures. Among carriers of one or more apolipoprotein E e 4 alleles, the benefit of donepezil was evident throughout the three-year follow-up. There were no significant differences in the rate of progression to Alzheimer’s disease between the vitamin E and placebo groups at any point, either among all patients or among apolipoprotein E e 4 carriers. conclusions Vitamin E had no benefit in patients with mild cognitive impairment. Although donepezil therapy was associated with a lower rate of progression to Alzheimer’s disease during the first 12 months of treatment, the rate of progression to Alzheimer’s disease after three years was not lower among patients treated with donepezil than among those given placebo.

1,724 citations


Additional excerpts

  • ...검 연구(N=769)에서 비타민 E 보충군과 위약군 간에 치매전환 비 율에 유의적인 차이가 없었다[32]....

    [...]

  • ...비타민 E 수준이 인지기능저하를 늦추는 효과가 있었으나[25,28] 이런 효과가 일관되지는 않았고, 특히 임상연구에서 항산화 비타민 의 보충이 인지기능저하를 늦추지는 않았다[30-32]....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Dose concentration studies of vitamin C in healthy people showed a sigmoidal relationship between oral dose and plasma and tissue vitamin C concentrations, so optimal dosing is critical to intervention studies using vitamin C.
Abstract: Vitamin C in humans must be ingested for survival. Vitamin C is an electron donor, and this property accounts for all its known functions. As an electron donor, vitamin C is a potent water-soluble antioxidant in humans. Antioxidant effects of vitamin C have been demonstrated in many experiments in vitro. Human diseases such as atherosclerosis and cancer might occur in part from oxidant damage to tissues. Oxidation of lipids, proteins and DNA results in specific oxidation products that can be measured in the laboratory. While these biomarkers of oxidation have been measured in humans, such assays have not yet been validated or standardized, and the relationship of oxidant markers to human disease conditions is not clear. Epidemiological studies show that diets high in fruits and vegetables are associated with lower risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke and cancer, and with increased longevity. Whether these protective effects are directly attributable to vitamin C is not known. Intervention studies with vitamin C have shown no change in markers of oxidation or clinical benefit. Dose concentration studies of vitamin C in healthy people showed a sigmoidal relationship between oral dose and plasma and tissue vitamin C concentrations. Hence, optimal dosing is critical to intervention studies using vitamin C. Ideally, future studies of antioxidant actions of vitamin C should target selected patient groups. These groups should be known to have increased oxidative damage as assessed by a reliable biomarker or should have high morbidity and mortality due to diseases thought to be caused or exacerbated by oxidant damage.

1,684 citations


Additional excerpts

  • ...티 로신, 카르니틴, 카테콜라민 신경전달물질, 펩타이드 호르몬 등의 합성에 관여하며, 신경성숙과 아세틸콜린과 카테콜라민 신경전달 물질의 조절과 관련이 있다[22,23]....

    [...]

Related Papers (5)