Millimeter-Wave Cellular Wireless Networks: Potentials and Challenges
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Cites background from "Millimeter-Wave Cellular Wireless N..."
...However, these challenges can be overcome by applying high-gain directional antennas, as explained in [6] and [7]....
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29 citations
Cites background or methods from "Millimeter-Wave Cellular Wireless N..."
...Moreover, they design their solution for modern LTE networks, characterized by large buffers (in the order of 5 MB) and bandwidth fluctuations (even if not as wide as those in mmWave networks [1], [9]), and a fixed network which does not act as a bottleneck....
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...It can be seen that milliProxy performs better in terms of both goodput and latency, with a goodput gain of up to 2.24 times (combined with a latency reduction of 1.98 times) with the highest DRS , or a latency reduction of 43 times with a similar goodput in the edge server scenario (i.e., DRS = 1 ms)....
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...2 Gbit/s S1 link latency DS1 1 ms Latency from PGW to server DRS [1, 5, 10, 20] ms RLC AM buffer size BRLC [10, 20] MB RLC AM Reordering Timer 1 ms RLC AM Report Buffer Status timer 2 ms UE speed v 5 m/s TCP MSS1 (server - proxy) 1400 byte TCP MSS2 (proxy - UE) 20000 byte...
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...They can potentially enable gigabit-per-second cell data rates thanks to the very large bandwidth available [1], but the deployment of a reliable 5G mmWave network is challenging, mainly because of the harsh propagation environment at these frequencies....
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...Communication at mmWave frequencies represents the new frontier for wireless networks [1]....
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29 citations
Cites background from "Millimeter-Wave Cellular Wireless N..."
...In the second phase, the UE’s will assign the estimated optimal beamforming vector to the ULA and transmit M2 pilots to the BS. BS will use these pilots and determine its optimal beamforming weights corresponding to each UE....
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...On the other hand, digital beamforming offers the flexibility to support multi-stream data transmission, but the hardware proves to be expensive and power consuming as it consists of separate RF chains (with ADC/DAC) for every antenna element in the ULA....
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...Since the number of paths is small compared to the dimension of the ULA [15], [16], several compressive sensing (CS) based channel estimation schemes were developed for singleuser mm wave systems, exploiting the sparse nature of mm wave channels [17]–[23]....
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...Appropriate ULA steering (beamforming) ensures Manuscript received December 28, 2017; revised April 30, 2018; accepted June 21, 2018....
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...We adopt the geometric channel model used in [9], [20], [22], and [23] and define the channel from the BS to the lth UE as, Hl = √ NuNb Kl Kl∑ k=1 αl(k)abl(k)aul(k) H , (4) where Kl is the total number of multi-paths that exists between the BS and the lth UE with each multi-path being a cluster of paths produced by a scatterer in the environment, αl(k) is the small-scale fading complex channel gain of kth multi-path, and abl(k) and aul(k) are the ULA responses at the BS and the lth UE respectively for the kth multi-path....
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References
17,102 citations
"Millimeter-Wave Cellular Wireless N..." refers background in this paper
...Also, the human body and many outdoor materials being very reflective, allow them to be important scatterers for mmW propagation [28], [30]....
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...However, these measurements were performed in an outdoor campus setting with much lower building density and greater opportunities for LOS connectivity than would be found in a typical urban deployment....
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...Despite the potential of mmW cellular systems, there are a number of key challenges to realizing the vision of cellular networks in these bands: • Range and directional communication: Friis’ transmis- sion law [54] states that the free space omnidirectional path loss grows with the square of the…...
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6,708 citations
"Millimeter-Wave Cellular Wireless N..." refers background or methods in this paper
...In both 28- and 73-GHz measurements, each point was classified as either being in a NLOS or LOS situation, based on a manual classification made at the time of the measurements; see [26] and [28]–[33]....
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...• Empirical NYC: These curves are based on the omnidirectional path loss predicted by our linear model (1) for the mmW channel with the parameters from Table 1, as derived from the directional measurements in [26]....
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...Details of the measurements can be found in [26], [28]– [33], [81]....
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...This tremendous potential has led to considerable recent interest in mmW cellular both in industry [7]–[9], [18], [19] and academia [20]–[26], with a growing belief that mmW bands will play a significant role in beyond 4G and 5G cellular systems [27]....
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...In particular, we survey our own measurements [26], [28]–[33] made in New York City (NYC) in both 28- and 73-GHz bands and the statistical models for the channels developed in [34]....
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5,158 citations
"Millimeter-Wave Cellular Wireless N..." refers background in this paper
...These multiple antenna systems can be used to form very high gain, electrically steerable arrays, fabricated at the base station (BS), in the skin of a cellphone, or even within a chip [6], [10]–[17]....
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3,711 citations
3,298 citations
"Millimeter-Wave Cellular Wireless N..." refers background in this paper
...Heterogeneous networks, or HetNets, have been one of the most active research areas in cellular standards bodies in the last five years [45], [48], [67], [68], with the main focus being intercell interference coordination and load balancing....
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