Millimeter-Wave Cellular Wireless Networks: Potentials and Challenges
Citations
23 citations
23 citations
Cites background from "Millimeter-Wave Cellular Wireless N..."
...Index Terms—Millimeter wave, Hybrid beamforming, Full Duplex, ABF, 5G. I. INTRODUCTION With the dramatic increase of the mobile data traffic, it is expected that cellular networks need to provide 1000 times higher capacity than that currently provided within the next decade [1]....
[...]
23 citations
23 citations
Cites background from "Millimeter-Wave Cellular Wireless N..."
...Thus, two-way relaying potentially doubles spectral efficiency and has been extensively studied for conventional sub-6 GHz bands (dominant with small-scale fading) with typical issues such as channel estimation [6], [7] and performance analysis [8], [9]....
[...]
...These factors decrease coverage even for nearby nodes without the presence of relays [1]....
[...]
...Fortunately, huge bandwidth is available in millimeter wave (mmWave) frequencies (30-300 GHz) [1]....
[...]
...However, in contrast to sub6 GHz bands, mmWave systems suffer from high propagation loss, directivity, sensitivity to blockage, and losses due to mobility....
[...]
...Thus, to extend coverage, densely placed mmWave relays have been investigated [1], [3], [4]....
[...]
23 citations
Cites background from "Millimeter-Wave Cellular Wireless N..."
...Due to these limitations, mmW communication has to coexist with the conventional sub-6 GHz band which is attractive for non line of sight (NLOS) transmissions [4]....
[...]
...Another practical challenge for supporting an SCBN with mmW is the need for multi-MNO support [4]....
[...]
...networks in urban settings are tend to be noise limited [4], [6]....
[...]
References
17,102 citations
"Millimeter-Wave Cellular Wireless N..." refers background in this paper
...Also, the human body and many outdoor materials being very reflective, allow them to be important scatterers for mmW propagation [28], [30]....
[...]
...However, these measurements were performed in an outdoor campus setting with much lower building density and greater opportunities for LOS connectivity than would be found in a typical urban deployment....
[...]
...Despite the potential of mmW cellular systems, there are a number of key challenges to realizing the vision of cellular networks in these bands: • Range and directional communication: Friis’ transmis- sion law [54] states that the free space omnidirectional path loss grows with the square of the…...
[...]
6,708 citations
"Millimeter-Wave Cellular Wireless N..." refers background or methods in this paper
...In both 28- and 73-GHz measurements, each point was classified as either being in a NLOS or LOS situation, based on a manual classification made at the time of the measurements; see [26] and [28]–[33]....
[...]
...• Empirical NYC: These curves are based on the omnidirectional path loss predicted by our linear model (1) for the mmW channel with the parameters from Table 1, as derived from the directional measurements in [26]....
[...]
...Details of the measurements can be found in [26], [28]– [33], [81]....
[...]
...This tremendous potential has led to considerable recent interest in mmW cellular both in industry [7]–[9], [18], [19] and academia [20]–[26], with a growing belief that mmW bands will play a significant role in beyond 4G and 5G cellular systems [27]....
[...]
...In particular, we survey our own measurements [26], [28]–[33] made in New York City (NYC) in both 28- and 73-GHz bands and the statistical models for the channels developed in [34]....
[...]
5,158 citations
"Millimeter-Wave Cellular Wireless N..." refers background in this paper
...These multiple antenna systems can be used to form very high gain, electrically steerable arrays, fabricated at the base station (BS), in the skin of a cellphone, or even within a chip [6], [10]–[17]....
[...]
3,711 citations
3,298 citations
"Millimeter-Wave Cellular Wireless N..." refers background in this paper
...Heterogeneous networks, or HetNets, have been one of the most active research areas in cellular standards bodies in the last five years [45], [48], [67], [68], with the main focus being intercell interference coordination and load balancing....
[...]