Millimeter-Wave Cellular Wireless Networks: Potentials and Challenges
Citations
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...Nevertheless, more recently, interest and practical implementation of THz in fields closer to everyday life, including security and surveillance [2], medicine and disease diagnostics [3], and future high-speed communication networks [4] have emerged....
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10 citations
Cites background from "Millimeter-Wave Cellular Wireless N..."
...The cellular backhaul is regarded as one of the key technologies of future 5G systems for supporting huge highspeed data transmissions over dense small-cell networks [6]....
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...We assume that echo hop transmission over the backhaul follows the free-space propagation model [6]....
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10 citations
Cites background from "Millimeter-Wave Cellular Wireless N..."
...Works in [20] shows the equation after the measurement of path loss at lower frequencies; however at higher frequencies for example millimetre-wave, due to stronger penetration ability and foliage loss, path loss are measured in different ways [21], these millimetre-wave includes 60 GHz frequency unlicensed band and 28 GHz frequency licensed band, PL(d)[dB] = PLFS(d0)[dB] + 10β log10( d d0 ), d > d0, (1) ISBN 978-3-8007-4426-8 © VDE VERLAG GMBH ∙ Berlin ∙ Offenbach PLFS(d0)[dB] = 20 log10( 4πd0 ω ), (2) Equation 1 estimates that the path loss consists of three parts: path loss at reference distance are calculated in Equation 2. d is the transmitter to receiver (Tx-Rx) separation distance, d > d0, and d0 is the reference Tx-Rx separation distance....
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...Currently, one of the unlicensed frequency bands, the 60GHz frequency band is for both academic and industrial use for it capturing a wider bandwidth than that of all other unlicensed bands combined....
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...5G-U is an extension of LTE-U/LAA in the licensed bands of 28 GHz or 38 GHz and 60 GHz unlicensed WiGig frequency band....
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...Also, latest 3GPP efforts have been placed in the study of coexistence in the 5 GHz frequency band....
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...Federal Communications Commission (FCC) initially sets up an unlicensed frequency band around 60 GHz, in 2013, IEEE802....
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10 citations
Cites background from "Millimeter-Wave Cellular Wireless N..."
...With the purpose of improving the spectral efficiency and good spatial reuse, it is necessary to simultaneously build multiple links for communication [11]....
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...This is because of the channel coherence time is linear in the carrier frequency, for mmWave range, the channel will change in the order of hundreds of microseconds [11], [13]....
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...In mmWave networks, to have better spectral efficiency and energy efficiency, the base station (BS) with large antenna arrays is expected to serve multiple users simultaneously [11], which is known as mmWave multi-user (MU) MIMO communication system....
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...However, in practice, due to the existence of Doppler shifts in highly mobile scenarios, such as unmanned aerial vehicles [8], high speed trains [9] and autonomous vehicles [10], mmWave channel varies rapidly [11], [12]....
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...= Ã U BS (the reason for the AoA vector is not defined as time-varying is that in the real world, the small scale mobility has rare impact on the large scale scattering environment [11]), the time-varying Doppler shift gain g̃t = [(g̃ 1 t) T, ....
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10 citations
References
17,102 citations
"Millimeter-Wave Cellular Wireless N..." refers background in this paper
...Also, the human body and many outdoor materials being very reflective, allow them to be important scatterers for mmW propagation [28], [30]....
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...However, these measurements were performed in an outdoor campus setting with much lower building density and greater opportunities for LOS connectivity than would be found in a typical urban deployment....
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...Despite the potential of mmW cellular systems, there are a number of key challenges to realizing the vision of cellular networks in these bands: • Range and directional communication: Friis’ transmis- sion law [54] states that the free space omnidirectional path loss grows with the square of the…...
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6,708 citations
"Millimeter-Wave Cellular Wireless N..." refers background or methods in this paper
...In both 28- and 73-GHz measurements, each point was classified as either being in a NLOS or LOS situation, based on a manual classification made at the time of the measurements; see [26] and [28]–[33]....
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...• Empirical NYC: These curves are based on the omnidirectional path loss predicted by our linear model (1) for the mmW channel with the parameters from Table 1, as derived from the directional measurements in [26]....
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...Details of the measurements can be found in [26], [28]– [33], [81]....
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...This tremendous potential has led to considerable recent interest in mmW cellular both in industry [7]–[9], [18], [19] and academia [20]–[26], with a growing belief that mmW bands will play a significant role in beyond 4G and 5G cellular systems [27]....
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...In particular, we survey our own measurements [26], [28]–[33] made in New York City (NYC) in both 28- and 73-GHz bands and the statistical models for the channels developed in [34]....
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5,158 citations
"Millimeter-Wave Cellular Wireless N..." refers background in this paper
...These multiple antenna systems can be used to form very high gain, electrically steerable arrays, fabricated at the base station (BS), in the skin of a cellphone, or even within a chip [6], [10]–[17]....
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3,711 citations
3,298 citations
"Millimeter-Wave Cellular Wireless N..." refers background in this paper
...Heterogeneous networks, or HetNets, have been one of the most active research areas in cellular standards bodies in the last five years [45], [48], [67], [68], with the main focus being intercell interference coordination and load balancing....
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