Millimeter-Wave Cellular Wireless Networks: Potentials and Challenges
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Cites background from "Millimeter-Wave Cellular Wireless N..."
...It also stirred an enormous interest because of the new challenges that come with the characteristics of the electromagnetic waves at that frequency [2], [3]....
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2 citations
Cites background from "Millimeter-Wave Cellular Wireless N..."
...It has now been widely accepted that the capacity of 5G wireless communication systems should be much larger than the Fourth Generation (4G) Long Term Evolution (LTE) [18]....
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...The current generation is 4G, which uses LTE radio access technology to provide mobile internet access....
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...….89 Figure 6.10: Simulated and measured reflection coefficient of the proposed CP SIW cavity antenna [71]...89 Figure 6.11: Simulated and measured gain (a) and axial ratio (b) of the CP SIW cavity antenna [71]…...90 Figure 6.12: Radiation pattern of the proposed CP SIW cavity antenna [71]……………………………..91 xiii List of Symbols Symbol Definition ɛr Relative dielectric permittivity σ Electric conductivity θ Theta D Antenna Directivity G Antenna Gain λ Wavelength λ0 Free-Space Wavelength Γ εeff εo C dB Fr GHz S11 Γ Reflection Coefficient Effective permittivity Permittivity of free space, 8.854 × 10-12 F/m Speed of electromagnetic waves in a vacuum (2.99792458E8 m/s) Decibels Resonant frequency Gigahertz, 109 hertz Reflection coefficient expressed as an S parameter Reflection Coefficient xiv List of Abbreviations CP MMW TDMA W-CDMA HSPA LTE FM CDMA VOIP DRA FPC PRS EM FSS SLL EBG PRP SIW Circular Polarization Millimeter-Wave Time Division Multiple Access Wideband Code Division Multiple Access High Speed Packet Access Long Term Evaluation Frequency Modulation Code Division Multiple Access Voice Over Internet Protocol Dielectric Resonator Antenna Fabry Perot Cavity Positive Reflection Phase Electromagnetic Frequency Selective Surface Side Lobe Level Electromagnetic Band Gap Positive Reflection Phase Substrate Integrated Waveguide RGW Ridge Gap Waveguide FIT Finite Integration Technique CST MWS Computer Simulation Technology Microwave Studio HFSS High Frequency Structure Simulator LP Linear Polarization IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers BW DD CAD 5G FCC FEM LAN MIMO Bandwidth Dense Dielectric Computer Aided Design Fifth Generation Federal Communications Commission (U.S.) Finite Element Method Local Area Network Multi Input Multi Output xv PCB QoE GSO MSS LOS LTCC Printed Circuit Board Quality of user experience Geostationary Orbit Mobile Satellite Service Line of Sight Low Temperature Co-Fired Ceramic 1 Chapter 1 Introduction...
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References
17,102 citations
"Millimeter-Wave Cellular Wireless N..." refers background in this paper
...Also, the human body and many outdoor materials being very reflective, allow them to be important scatterers for mmW propagation [28], [30]....
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...However, these measurements were performed in an outdoor campus setting with much lower building density and greater opportunities for LOS connectivity than would be found in a typical urban deployment....
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...Despite the potential of mmW cellular systems, there are a number of key challenges to realizing the vision of cellular networks in these bands: • Range and directional communication: Friis’ transmis- sion law [54] states that the free space omnidirectional path loss grows with the square of the…...
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6,708 citations
"Millimeter-Wave Cellular Wireless N..." refers background or methods in this paper
...In both 28- and 73-GHz measurements, each point was classified as either being in a NLOS or LOS situation, based on a manual classification made at the time of the measurements; see [26] and [28]–[33]....
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...• Empirical NYC: These curves are based on the omnidirectional path loss predicted by our linear model (1) for the mmW channel with the parameters from Table 1, as derived from the directional measurements in [26]....
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...Details of the measurements can be found in [26], [28]– [33], [81]....
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...This tremendous potential has led to considerable recent interest in mmW cellular both in industry [7]–[9], [18], [19] and academia [20]–[26], with a growing belief that mmW bands will play a significant role in beyond 4G and 5G cellular systems [27]....
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...In particular, we survey our own measurements [26], [28]–[33] made in New York City (NYC) in both 28- and 73-GHz bands and the statistical models for the channels developed in [34]....
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5,158 citations
"Millimeter-Wave Cellular Wireless N..." refers background in this paper
...These multiple antenna systems can be used to form very high gain, electrically steerable arrays, fabricated at the base station (BS), in the skin of a cellphone, or even within a chip [6], [10]–[17]....
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3,711 citations
3,298 citations
"Millimeter-Wave Cellular Wireless N..." refers background in this paper
...Heterogeneous networks, or HetNets, have been one of the most active research areas in cellular standards bodies in the last five years [45], [48], [67], [68], with the main focus being intercell interference coordination and load balancing....
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