Millimeter Wave Mobile Communications for 5G Cellular: It Will Work!
Citations
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7,139 citations
Cites background from "Millimeter Wave Mobile Communicatio..."
...This interference, so-called “pilot contamination,” does not vanish as the number of BS antennas grows large, and so is the one impairment that remains asymptotically....
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3,711 citations
2,624 citations
Cites background from "Millimeter Wave Mobile Communicatio..."
...Rappaport and his group [28] propose site specific node layout for 5G radio network design....
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...The propagation and penetration of mm-wave signal in outdoor environment is quite limited [28]....
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...rials present high penetration resistance to mm-waves [28]....
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...over Non Line of Sight (NLOS) communication [28], [30]....
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...Technical understanding of channel behaviour presents new architectural techniques, different multiple access and novel methods of air interface [28]....
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2,452 citations
Cites background or methods from "Millimeter Wave Mobile Communicatio..."
...In both 28- and 73-GHz measurements, each point was classified as either being in a NLOS or LOS situation, based on a manual classification made at the time of the measurements; see [26] and [28]–[33]....
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...• Empirical NYC: These curves are based on the omnidirectional path loss predicted by our linear model (1) for the mmW channel with the parameters from Table 1, as derived from the directional measurements in [26]....
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...Details of the measurements can be found in [26], [28]– [33], [81]....
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...This tremendous potential has led to considerable recent interest in mmW cellular both in industry [7]–[9], [18], [19] and academia [20]–[26], with a growing belief that mmW bands will play a significant role in beyond 4G and 5G cellular systems [27]....
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...In particular, we survey our own measurements [26], [28]–[33] made in New York City (NYC) in both 28- and 73-GHz bands and the statistical models for the channels developed in [34]....
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2,424 citations
Additional excerpts
...Index Terms—Millimeter wave cellular systems, sparse channel estimation, adaptive compressed sensing, hybrid precoding....
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References
907 citations
"Millimeter Wave Mobile Communicatio..." refers background in this paper
...INTRODUCTION The rapid increase of mobile data growth and the use of smartphones are creating unprecedented challenges for wireless service providers to overcome a global bandwidth shortage [1], [2]....
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...Mm-wave spectrum would allow service providers to significantly expand the channel bandwidths far beyond the present 20 MHz channels used by 4G customers [1]....
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...Atmospheric absorption across mm-wave frequencies in dB/km [1]....
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812 citations
"Millimeter Wave Mobile Communicatio..." refers background or methods in this paper
...9Mcps at the TX and RX, respectively, to offer a slide factor of 8000 and adequate processing gain [33]....
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...A total of 43 TX-RX combinations were measured with up to 12 various antenna configurations for each measurement location [33]....
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...Themaximummeasurable path loss was about 160 dB [23], [33]–[35]....
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...The coverage radius of 200 m is identical to that measured in New York City, thus suggesting that 200 m is a very achievable cell size for future 5G mm-wave cellular communications systems [23], [33]–[35]....
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...38 GHz cellular propagations measurements were conducted in Austin, Texas at the University of Texas main campus [33]....
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439 citations
"Millimeter Wave Mobile Communicatio..." refers background or methods in this paper
...5 dBi gains with 10 half power beamwidth [28]....
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...No signal detected denotes an outage, where penetration loss is greater than 74 dB relative to a 5 m free space test [28]....
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...We conducted penetration and reflection measurements at 28 GHz throughout the summer of 2012 in New York City [28]....
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...The black cross denotes an outage [28]....
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...Images of the 28 GHz reflection measurement for outdoor tinted glass at ORH (top left), outdoor concrete wall at ORH (top right), penetration loss measurement for indoor clear non-tinted glass at MTC (bottom left) and tinted glass at ORH (bottom right) [28]....
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409 citations
"Millimeter Wave Mobile Communicatio..." refers background or methods in this paper
...We have conducted extensive propagation measurements in urban environments in New York City and suburban environments in Austin, Texas in order to understand the mm-wave channel....
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...By observing the measured path loss and delay spread values from the heavy urban environment of New York City and the light urban environment of Austin, Texas, we found substantial differences in propagation parameters....
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...16), which are much lower than those at 28 GHz, further demonstrating the propagation conditions in the less cluttered, less dense nature of the urban environment measured in Austin, Texas....
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...As a comparison, the average and maximum RMS delay spread in NLOS cases obtained from 38 GHz cellular measurements in Austin, Texas are 12.2 ns and 117 ns, respectively (see Fig....
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...14, signals in Austin, Texas could still be acquired for TXRX distances greater than 200 m, and the average RMS delay spread is much lower than that at 28 GHz, thus indicating the relatively sparse urban environment of the UT-Austin campus, where there were fewer buildings to cause obstructions or reflections....
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400 citations
"Millimeter Wave Mobile Communicatio..." refers background in this paper
...The variation of RMS delay spread versus path loss in NLOS for all TX-RX location combinations at 28 GHz in NewYork City is displayed in Fig....
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...The RX was positioned in a number of LOS, partially obstructed LOS, and NLOS locations representative of an outdoor urban environment including foliage, high-rise buildings, and pedestrian and vehicular traffic....
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...As a comparison, the average and maximum RMS delay spread in NLOS cases obtained from 38 GHz cellular measurements in Austin, Texas are 12.2 ns and 117 ns, respectively (see Fig....
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...The values in the legend represent the PLE of each environment (LOS and NLOS) [31]....
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...Compared to measurements in Manhattan at 28 GHz, where the LOS PLE and NLOS PLE were 2.55 and 5.76 respectively, it is clear that PLE at 38 GHz in the light urban environment in Austin is considerably lower....
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