Miniaturized Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) Power Dividers
TL;DR: In this paper, compact substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) power dividers with equal and unequal power divisions are considered. But, the main advantage of the power dividers is their compact sizes.
Abstract: In this letter, compact substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) power dividers are presented. Both equal and unequal power divisions are considered. A quarter-wavelength long wedge shape SIW structure is used for the power division. Direct coaxial feed is used for the input port and SIW-to-microstrip transitions are used for the output ports. Four-way equal, unequal and an eight-way equal division power dividers are presented. The four-way and the eight-way power dividers provide −10 dB input matching bandwidth of 39.3% and 13%, respectively, at the design frequency $\text {f}_{0}= 2.4$ GHz. The main advantage of the power dividers is their compact sizes. Including the microstrip to SIW transitions, size is reduced by at least 46% compared to other reported miniaturized SIW power dividers.
Citations
More filters
TL;DR: In this article, a very compact fully integrated SIW filter is proposed and designed with RT6010 dielectric material to meet the small size requirement of portable devices for next-generation sub-6 G applications.
Abstract: In the RF (Radio Frequency) front-end of a communication system, bandpass filters (BPFs) are used to send passband signals and reject stopband signals. Substrate-integrated waveguides (SIW) are widely used in RF filter designs due to their low loss and low cost and the flexibility of their integration properties. However, SIW filters under 6 GHz are still too large to meet the requirement of portable communication devices due to their long wavelength. In this paper, a very compact fully integrated SIW filter is proposed and designed with RT6010 dielectric material to meet the small size requirement of portable devices for next-generation sub-6 G applications. The proposed filter contains two sawtooth-shaped composite right-/left-handed (CRLH) resonator units, instead of traditional rectangular-shaped CRLH resonator units, which makes the filter more compact and cost effective. The filter is designed and fabricated on an RT6010 substrate, with a size of only 10 mm × 7.4 mm. The measurement results illustrated that the proposed BPF shows a passband covering the frequency range of 3.25–3.45 GHz; the minimum passband insertion loss is only 2.4 dB; the stopband rejection is better than −20 dB throughout the frequencies below 3.0 GHz and above 3.8 GHz; S11 is as low as −37 dB at 3.35 GHz; and the group delay variation is only 1.4 ns throughout the operation bandwidth.
30 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a four-way filtering power divider (PD) based on a substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) is presented, which has the advantages of compact size, high selectivity, and ultrawide out-of-band rejection.
Abstract: A four-way filtering power divider (PD) based on a substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) is presented. This structure is composed of two layers of the dielectric substrate. The eighth-mode SIW (EMSIW) technique is used to make four cavities in the upper substrate. In addition, an SIW cavity is provided in the lower substrate. To achieve an efficient transition between the two layers, four rectangular slots are etched on the middle metal planes. A circular slot is etched on the top metal layer of the EMSIW cavities to suppress the higher operating modes. To prove the validity, a four-way PD with a second-order bandpass filtering response is designed and fabricated. The measured results show that the PD achieves an insertion loss of 1.3 dB at 3.5 GHz, a return loss of higher than 17 dB, a 3-dB fractional bandwidth of 7.75%, and an out-of-band rejection of greater than 26 dB from 3.92 to 16.5 GHz. The results show that this PD has the advantages of compact size, high selectivity, and ultrawide out-of-band rejection.
30 citations
TL;DR: A power divider prototype with the structure of three segments is designed and fabricated and the measurement results show the state-of-the-art −20-dB operation bandwidth of 101%, if compared with all the published Wilkinson power dividers having a total length of $\lambda $ /4.
Abstract: This paper proposes a topology of a broadband Wilkinson power divider based on the segmented structure. The segmented structure is formed by many transmission line segments in shunt with grounded capacitors and series resistor–capacitor networks. Each transmission line segment has the length of a fraction of a quarter of the wavelength (or $\lambda $ /4) and the summed length of all segments remains $\lambda $ /4. The segmented structure resembles a multiorder matching network and can extend the operation bandwidth through concurrent matching at multiple frequencies. Theoretically, the operation bandwidth can keep increasing with the increased number of segments. Practically, the widest achievable bandwidth is limited by the implementable component values. The theoretical background of the proposed broadband topology is explained. The guideline of designing the proposed power divider is provided. A power divider prototype with the structure of three segments is designed and fabricated. The measurement results, matching the simulations, show the state-of-the-art −20-dB operation bandwidth of 101%, if compared with all the published Wilkinson power dividers having a total length of $\lambda $ /4.
27 citations
Cites methods from "Miniaturized Substrate Integrated W..."
...2799579 bandgap waveguides [5], substrate-integrated waveguides [6], and transmission lines synthesized using on-board printed...
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26 citations
Cites background from "Miniaturized Substrate Integrated W..."
...1–3 In the past decade, various microwave passive components including wide varieties of planar antennas have been developed in SIW technology.(4,5) Due to its compact size and lower loss than microstrip, CPW, or GCPW, it is suitable for planar antennas specially where the size and circuit losses are key issues....
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...All the reflection coefficient plots are obtained in good matching and follow the criteria |S11|<210 dB, which ensures that the performance of the proposed antenna is minimally sensitive to the surrounding medium.(4) A good agreement between the measured and simulated results confirms that the pork tissues area good substitution of the human body....
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TL;DR: An efficient trust‐region algorithm with flexible sensitivity updating management scheme for electromagnetic (EM)‐driven design optimization of compact microwave components is proposed and significant savings reaching 50% as compared to the reference algorithm are demonstrated.
23 citations
References
More filters
TL;DR: In this article, a new method of analysis is presented for the determination of complex propagation constants in substrate integrated waveguides (SIWs) by making use of the concept of surface impedance to model the rows of conducting cylinders, and the proposed model is then solved by combining a method of moments and a transverse resonance procedure.
Abstract: A new method of analysis is presented in this paper for the determination of complex propagation constants in substrate integrated waveguides (SIWs) This method makes use of the concept of surface impedance to model the rows of conducting cylinders, and the proposed model is then solved by combining a method of moments and a transverse resonance procedure The proposed method is further applied to extract results in terms of parametric curves and graphs which demonstrate fundamental and interesting wave guidance and leakage properties of this type of periodic waveguide Useful design rules are extracted from this analysis, suggesting that appropriate design parameters and regions should be carefully selected for practical applications In addition, comprehensive review and comparisons with published results are also presented to show the performance and accuracy of the proposed modeling technique Practical measurements of fabricated samples with different levels of loss have confirmed the accuracy of this new method and validity of design rules
765 citations
Additional excerpts
...IN MODERN microwave circuits, substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) is one of the most popular wave guiding structures for its lower loss, moderate power handling capability and ease of implementation using standard planer circuits board fabrication technology [1]....
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TL;DR: In this article, the design and experiment of the half mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) bandpass filters are presented, and the measured results are in good agreement with the simulated results.
Abstract: This letter presents the design and experiment of the half mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) bandpass filters. Three-pole and five-pole HMSIW filters are simulated by using CST software and fabricated with a single layer standard printed circuit board process. Different external-coupling approaches are adopted in the design of the two filters. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulated results. Low insertion loss and good selectivity are achieved
272 citations
"Miniaturized Substrate Integrated W..." refers background in this paper
...The width of a half-mode SIW (HMSIW) is almost half of that of a standard SIW [3]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide (QMSIW) which is the quadrant sector of a square waveguide resonator and investigated its performance with TE101 and TE202 modes.
Abstract: A quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide (QMSIW) which is the quadrant sector of a square waveguide resonator is proposed and investigated in this paper. The QMSIW is realized by bisecting the half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) into two parts along the fictitious quasi-magnetic wall when it operates with TE101 and TE202 modes as the way bisecting the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) to HMSIW. The QMSIW can almost preserve the field distribution of original SIW and leaky wave is achieved from the dielectric aperture of the QMSIW. When the feeding port is placed at one corner of the QMSIW, a linearly polarized radiation is obtained when the QMSIW resonates in TE101QM mode, and when the QMSIW resonates in TE202QM mode, a circularly polarized (CP) wave is achieved. An antenna is designed, fabricated, and measured based on the proposed QMSIW. The measurement results match with the simulation results very well.
197 citations
"Miniaturized Substrate Integrated W..." refers methods in this paper
...In [5], size of the SIW based components is further reduced to obtain quarter mode SIW (QMSIW)....
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TL;DR: In this paper, an eight-way C-band SIW power divider with low insertion loss is designed, fabricated, and measured, and good agreement between simulated and measured results is found for the pro posed power dividers.
Abstract: We describe a compact radial cavity power divider based on the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology in this paper. The equivalent-circuit model is used to analyze the multiport structure, and a design procedure is also established for the structure. An eight-way C-band SIW power divider with low insertion loss is designed, fabricated, and measured. Good agreement between simulated and measured results is found for the pro posed power divider. The measured minimum insertion loss of the eight-way power divider is approximately 0.2 dB and return loss is approximately 30 dB at 5.25 GHz. The measured 15-dB return-loss bandwidth is found to be approximately 500 MHz, and its 1-dB insertion-loss bandwidth is approximately 1.2 GHz. Furthermore, the isolations between the output ports of the eight-way power divider are also discussed.
145 citations
"Miniaturized Substrate Integrated W..." refers background or methods in this paper
...Whereas in [8], equal split eightway power divider using direct coaxial feed at all the ports is reported....
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...On the other hand, to reduce the circuit size and the loss introduced by SIW-microstrip transition, direct coaxial feed is used in SIW power dividers [7]–[8]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, a new Y-junction four-way power divider is proposed by integrating the 90° Y-Junction SIW power dividers and the half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW), which can be used in millimetre-wave and microwave circuits owing to its simple and novel structure.
Abstract: The substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) plays a very important role in millimetre-wave and microwave integrated circuits and systems with low return loss and high Q-factor. Also, the half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) has been developed in recent years. A new Y-junction four-way power divider is proposed by integrating the 90° Y-junction SIW power divider and HMSIW power divider. Simulated and measured results show that the return loss of the input port is below -15 dB over 8.6 to 12.2 GHz and transmissions are about -7.6 dB ± 0.2 dB in the passband. So, it makes the 6 dB power divider used preferably in a broad bandwidth. The new power divider can be produced in batches and can be widely used in millimetre-wave and microwave circuits owing to its simple and novel structure.
64 citations
"Miniaturized Substrate Integrated W..." refers background or methods in this paper
...Size is reduced to 4% and 9% as compared to miniaturized SIW power dividers reported in [4] and [7], respectively....
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...Using the HMSIW technology, a compact four-way equal split power divider is reported in [4]....
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