Journal ArticleDOI
miR-155: an ancient regulator of the immune system
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TLDR
The role of miR‐155 in the regulation of lymphoid subsets at the cellular and molecular level in the context of recent progress in this field is summarized.Abstract:
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a newly recognized class of regulatory genes which repress the expression of protein-coding genes. Numerous studies have uncovered a complex role for miRNAs regulating many aspects of a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, and lineage commitment. In the immune system, miR-155 is unique in its ability to shape the transcriptome of activated myeloid and lymphoid cells controlling diverse biological functions ranging from inflammation to immunological memory. Not surprisingly, a tight control of miR-155 expression is required to avoid malignant transformation, as evidenced by miR-155 overexpression in many cancers of B-cell origin. In this review, we discuss the potential of miR-155 as a molecular target for therapeutic intervention and discuss the function of miR-155 in the context of protective immunity. We first look back into the emergence of miR-155 in evolution, which is coincidental with the emergence of the ancestors of the antigen receptors. We then summarize what we have learned about the role of miR-155 in the regulation of lymphoid subsets at the cellular and molecular level in the context of recent progress in this field.read more
Citations
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MicroRNAs: Target Recognition and Regulatory Functions
TL;DR: In this article, a review outlines the current understanding of miRNA target recognition in animals and discusses the widespread impact of miRNAs on both the expression and evolution of protein-coding genes.
Journal ArticleDOI
MicroRNAs as regulatory elements in immune system logic
Arnav Mehta,David Baltimore +1 more
TL;DR: The mechanisms by which several miRNAs influence immune development and buffer normal haematopoietic output are discussed, first at the level of haematic stem cells, then in innate and adaptive immune cells, and the pathological consequences of dysregulation of these mi RNAs are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Exosomes as divine messengers: are they the Hermes of modern molecular oncology?
Cornelia Braicu,Ciprian Tomuleasa,Paloma Monroig,Andrei Cucuianu,Ioana Berindan-Neagoe,George A. Calin +5 more
TL;DR: The need of developing patient-targeted treatments by applying the conceptualization of exosomal-derived miRNA-based therapeutics is emphasized, as it makes them interesting tools in clinical diagnostics and ideal candidates for biomarkers.
Journal ArticleDOI
MicroRNAs in B-cell Lymphomas: How a Complex Biology Gets More Complex
Kateřina Musilová,Marek Mráz +1 more
TL;DR: The targeting of miRNAs with essential functions in malignant B-cell development could provide a novel therapeutic approach as evidenced by tumour regression in xenograft mouse models and initial promising data from clinical trials.
Journal ArticleDOI
An NF-κB-microRNA regulatory network tunes macrophage inflammatory responses
Mati Mann,Arnav Mehta,Arnav Mehta,Jimmy L. Zhao,Kevin Y. Lee,Georgi K. Marinov,Yvette Garcia-Flores,Li-Fan Lu,Alexander Y. Rudensky,David Baltimore +9 more
TL;DR: A miRNA-based regulatory network that enables precise NF-κB activity in mouse macrophages is described, which enables a robust yet time-limited inflammatory response essential for functional immunity.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
MicroRNAs: Target Recognition and Regulatory Functions
TL;DR: The current understanding of miRNA target recognition in animals is outlined and the widespread impact of miRNAs on both the expression and evolution of protein-coding genes is discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Conserved seed pairing, often flanked by adenosines, indicates that thousands of human genes are microRNA targets
TL;DR: In a four-genome analysis of 3' UTRs, approximately 13,000 regulatory relationships were detected above the estimate of false-positive predictions, thereby implicating as miRNA targets more than 5300 human genes, which represented 30% of the gene set.
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Most mammalian mRNAs are conserved targets of microRNAs
TL;DR: This work overhauled its tool for finding preferential conservation of sequence motifs and applied it to the analysis of human 3'UTRs, increasing by nearly threefold the detected number of preferentially conserved miRNA target sites.
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Microarray analysis shows that some microRNAs downregulate large numbers of target mRNAs
Lee P. Lim,Nelson C. Lau,Philip W. Garrett-engele,Andrew Grimson,Janell M. Schelter,John C. Castle,David P. Bartel,Peter S. Linsley,Jason M. Johnson +8 more
TL;DR: These results suggest that metazoan miRNAs can reduce the levels of many of their target transcripts, not just the amount of protein deriving from these transcripts, and seem to downregulate a far greater number of targets than previously appreciated.
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Combinatorial microRNA target predictions.
Azra Krek,Dominic Grün,Matthew N. Poy,Rachel Wolf,Lauren Rosenberg,Eric J Epstein,Philip MacMenamin,Isabelle da Piedade,Kristin C. Gunsalus,Markus Stoffel,Nikolaus Rajewsky +10 more
TL;DR: PicTar, a computational method for identifying common targets of micro RNAs, is presented and widespread coordinate control executed by microRNAs is suggested, thus providing evidence for coordinate microRNA control in mammals.