Mirone: A multi-purpose tool for exploring grid data
TL;DR: Mirone is a Windows MATLAB-based framework tool developed by the author that allows the display and manipulation of a large number of grid formats through its interface with the Geospatial Data Abstraction Library (GDAL).
About: This article is published in Computers & Geosciences.The article was published on 2007-01-01. It has received 114 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Graphical user interface & Interface (Java).
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TL;DR: In this article, seismic velocity changes and nonvolcanic tremor activity in the Parkfield area in California reveal that large earthquakes induce long-term perturbations of crustal properties in the San Andreas fault zone.
Abstract: Seismic velocity changes and nonvolcanic tremor activity in the Parkfield area in California reveal that large earthquakes induce long-term perturbations of crustal properties in the San Andreas fault zone. The 2003 San Simeon and 2004 Parkfield earthquakes both reduced seismic velocities that were measured from correlations of the ambient seismic noise and induced an increased nonvolcanic tremor activity along the San Andreas fault. After the Parkfield earthquake, velocity reduction and nonvolcanic tremor activity remained elevated for more than 3 years and decayed over time, similarly to afterslip derived from GPS (Global Positioning System) measurements. These observations suggest that the seismic velocity changes are related to co-seismic damage in the shallow layers and to deep co-seismic stress change and postseismic stress relaxation within the San Andreas fault zone.
612 citations
01 Dec 2008
TL;DR: Observations suggest that the seismic velocity changes are related to co-seismic damage in the shallow layers and to deep co-SEismic stress change and postseismics stress relaxation within the San Andreas fault zone.
Abstract: Seismic velocity changes and nonvolcanic tremor activity in the Parkfield area in California reveal that large earthquakes induce long-term perturbations of crustal properties in the San Andreas fault zone. The 2003 San Simeon and 2004 Parkfield earthquakes both reduced seismic velocities that were measured from correlations of the ambient seismic noise and induced an increased nonvolcanic tremor activity along the San Andreas fault. After the Parkfield earthquake, velocity reduction and nonvolcanic tremor activity remained elevated for more than 3 years and decayed over time, similarly to afterslip derived from GPS (Global Positioning System) measurements. These observations suggest that the seismic velocity changes are related to co-seismic damage in the shallow layers and to deep co-seismic stress change and postseismic stress relaxation within the San Andreas fault zone.
448 citations
01 Apr 2012
TL;DR: In this paper, a multi-disciplinary study of the successive stages of development of Faial (Azores) during the last 1 Myr is presented, using high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM), and new K/Ar, tectonic, and magnetic data, in response to complex interactions between volcanic construction and mass wasting, including the development of a graben.
Abstract: The morpho-structural evolution of oceanic islands results from competition between volcano growth and partial destruction by mass-wasting processes. We present here a multi-disciplinary study of the successive stages of development of Faial (Azores) during the last 1 Myr. Using high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM), and new K/Ar, tectonic, and magnetic data, we reconstruct the rapidly evolving topography at successive stages, in response to complex interactions between volcanic construction and mass wasting, including the development of a graben. We show that: (1) sub-aerial evolution of the island first involved the rapid growth of a large elongated volcano at ca. 0.85 Ma, followed by its partial destruction over half a million years; (2) beginning about 360 ka a new small edifice grew on the NE of the island, and was subsequently cut by normal faults responsible for initiation of the graben; (3) after an apparent pause of ca. 250 kyr, the large Central Volcano (CV) developed on the western side of the island at ca 120 ka, accumulating a thick pile of lava flows in less than 20 kyr, which were partly channelized within the graben; (4) the period between 120 ka and 40 ka is marked by widespread deformation at the island scale, including westward propagation of faulting and associated erosion of the graben walls, which produced sedimentary deposits; subsequent growth of the CV at 40 ka was then constrained within the graben, with lava flowing onto the sediments up to the eastern shore; (5) the island evolution during the Holocene involves basaltic volcanic activity along the main southern faults and pyroclastic eruptions associated with the formation of a caldera volcano-tectonic depression. We conclude that the whole evolution of Faial Island has been characterized by successive short volcanic pulses probably controlled by brief episodes of regional deformation. Each pulse has been separated by considerable periods of volcanic inactivity during which the Faial graben gradually developed. We propose that the volume loss associated with sudden magma extraction from a shallow reservoir in different episodes triggered incremental downward graben movement, as observed historically, when immediate vertical collapse of up to 2 m was observed along the western segments of the graben at the end of the Capelinhos eruptive crises (1957-58).
71 citations
Cites methods from "Mirone: A multi-purpose tool for ex..."
...The processing was made with the Mirone software suite (Luis, 2007)....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented a new magnetic compilation for an area of the North Atlantic located between 35°N and 47°N, up to anomaly 33r, based on a continuous reduction to the pole technique and some basic assumptions regarding the direction of the remanent magnetization vector.
Abstract: [1] In this paper we present a new magnetic compilation for an area of the North Atlantic located between 35°N and 47°N and up to anomaly 33r. We also present a strategy to pick magnetic isochrones and compute finite rotation poles. This technique is based on a continuous reduction to the pole technique and some basic assumptions regarding the direction of the remanent magnetization vector. A cost function that measures the misfit between interpreted and rotated isochrones and the systematic exploitation of the parameter space is used to compute the best set of finite Eulerian rotations for the chrons 5, 6, 6C, 11–12, 13, 18, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 28, 29, 30, 32, 33, and 33r. This set of chrons and poles is used to discuss the evolution of the North Atlantic close to Iberia and, in particular, the onset and early development of the Azores Triple Junction area. We show that the relative motion between the Eurasian and the African plates can be coherently described in terms of rigid plate kinematics, respecting both the anomalies shapes and the precise location of the main structural elements of the area: the Pico Fracture Zone, the East Azores Fracture Zone, and the Gloria Fault. We distinguish from the magnetic point of view two different areas of the Azores plateau: the South Azores domain where almost undisturbed NNW magnetic lineations can be found and the Azores domain close to the topographic highs and with no systematic magnetic stripping with the exception of a few recent lineations, probably Matuyama and Brunhes. We present an approximate reconstruction of the plate configuration after chron 18 to conclude that the attachment of Iberia to Eurasia was younger than previously thought (lower Miocene), triggering the formation of the Azores domain, in which stretching took place essentially in the last 20 Ma at an average rate of ∼3.8 mm/a, and progressively attaching the South Azores domain to the African plate by a northward progression of the triple junction.
69 citations
Cites methods from "Mirone: A multi-purpose tool for ex..."
...This brute force approach is effective because of the small amount of computations needed to evaluate (4) and is available with a graphical interface within the Mirone suite [Luis, 2007]....
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TL;DR: In this article, a multi-disciplinary study of the successive stages of development of Faial (Azores) during the last 1 Myr is presented, using high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM), and new K/Ar, tectonic, and magnetic data, in response to complex interactions between volcanic construction and mass wasting, including the development of a graben.
68 citations
References
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TL;DR: The Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) is introduced, which is a free, public domain software package that can be used to manipulate columns of tabular data, time series, and gridded data sets and to display these data in a variety of forms ranging from simple x-y plots to maps and color, perspective, and shaded-relief illustrations.
Abstract: When creating camera-ready figures, most scientists are familiar with the sequence of raw data → processing → final illustration and with the spending of large sums of money to finalize papers for submission to scientific journals, prepare proposals, and create overheads and slides for various presentations. This process can be tedious and is often done manually, since available commercial or in-house software usually can do only part of the job.
To expedite this process, we introduce the Generic Mapping Tools (GMT), which is a free, public domain software package that can be used to manipulate columns of tabular data, time series, and gridded data sets and to display these data in a variety of forms ranging from simple x-y plots to maps and color, perspective, and shaded-relief illustrations. GMT uses the PostScript page description language, which can create arbitrarily complex images in gray tones or 24-bit true color by superimposing multiple plot files. Line drawings, bitmapped images, and text can be easily combined in one illustration. PostScript plot files are device-independent, meaning the same file can be printed at 300 dots per inch (dpi) on an ordinary laserwriter or at 2470 dpi on a phototypesetter when ultimate quality is needed. GMT software is written as a set of UNIX tools and is totally self contained and fully documented. The system is offered free of charge to federal agencies and nonprofit educational organizations worldwide and is distributed over the computer network Internet.
4,128 citations
"Mirone: A multi-purpose tool for ex..." refers background or methods in this paper
...GMT (Wessel and Smith, 1991) is one of the most popular programs within the scientific community on account of its mapping capabilities and high-quality graphics....
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...: +351 E-mail addr Mirone is a Windows MATLAB-based framework tool developed by the author that allows the display and manipulation of a large number of grid formats through its interface with the Geospatial Data Abstraction Library (GDAL)....
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TL;DR: In this paper, a suite of closed analytical expressions for the surface displacements, strains, and tilts due to inclined shear and tensile faults in a half-space for both point and finite rectangular sources are presented.
Abstract: A complete suite of closed analytical expressions is presented for the surface displacements, strains, and tilts due to inclined shear and tensile faults in a half-space for both point and finite rectangular sources. These expressions are particularly compact and free from field singular points which are inherent in the previously stated expressions of certain cases. The expressions derived here represent powerful tools not only for the analysis of static field changes associated with earthquake occurrence but also for the modeling of deformation fields arising from fluid-driven crack sources.
4,057 citations
"Mirone: A multi-purpose tool for ex..." refers background or methods in this paper
...The Mansinha option computes only the vertical component of the deformation produced by an earthquake....
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...One of the grids represents the bathymetry (z positive up) in meters and the other contains the initial deformation as produced by the Mansinha or Okada deformation module....
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...The two available deformation options are called Okada and Mansinha ( Okada, 1985 )....
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...In both Okada and Mansinha , all distances are computed by projecting the geographical coordinates to Transverse Mercator with the origin being the fault’s first point....
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...The two available deformation options are called Okada and Mansinha (Okada, 1985)....
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TL;DR: In this paper, it is shown how a series of Fourier transforms can be used to calculate the magnetic or gravitational anomaly caused by an uneven, non-uniform layer of material.
Abstract: Summary It is shown how a series of Fourier transforms can be used to calculate the magnetic or gravitational anomaly caused by an uneven, non-uniform layer of material. Modern methods for finding Fourier transforms numerically are very fast and make this approach attractive in situations where large quantities of observations are available.
1,365 citations
"Mirone: A multi-purpose tool for ex..." refers methods in this paper
...The IGRF routine (a C mex file) is also used within the Parker Directand Parker Inversion tools. The first allows the computation of the magnetic anomaly given a magnetization and bathymetry map using Parker’s (1972) Fourier series summation approach....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the inversion of magnetic anomalies in terms of an irregular layer of magnetized material is studied, and an efficient procedure for constructing solutions is developed, but the solution is not unique because of the existence of a magnetization (called the magnetic annihilator) that produces no observable magnetic field.
Abstract: The inversion of magnetic anomalies in terms of an irregular layer of magnetized material is studied, and an efficient procedure for constructing solutions is developed. Even when magnetic orientation and layer thickness are known, the solution is not unique because of the existence of a magnetization (called the magnetic annihilator) that produces no observable magnetic field. We consider an example of near-bottom marine data and discuss methods for overcoming the problem of nonuniqueness.
359 citations
"Mirone: A multi-purpose tool for ex..." refers methods in this paper
...The second performs the inverse operation, which is the computation of the magnetization from magnetic field and bathymetry (Parker and Huestis, 1974)....
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Book•
01 Jan 1979
TL;DR: Numerical modeling of water waves as mentioned in this paper covers all aspects of this subject, from the basic fluid dynamics and the simplest models to the latest and most complex, including the first-ever description of techniques for modeling wave generation by explosions, projectile impacts, asteroids, and impact landslides.
Abstract: Numerical Modeling of Water Waves, Second Edition covers all aspects of this subject, from the basic fluid dynamics and the simplest models to the latest and most complex, including the first-ever description of techniques for modeling wave generation by explosions, projectile impacts, asteroids, and impact landslides. The book comes packaged with a CD-ROM that contains the computer codes and movies generated by the author and his colleagues at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. Mader's three-pronged approach--through text, computer programs, and animations--imparts a thorough understanding of new computational methods and provides the tools to put those methods to effective use.
193 citations