Mitigating the impact of sinusoidal jitter and duty cycle distortion on random jitter estimation by Tailfit algorithm

A comparative analysis of jitter estimation techniques

Abstract: With the advancement of VLSI technology, the effect of jitter is becoming more critical on high speed signals. To negate the effect of jitter on these signals, the causes of jitter in a circuit need to be identified by decomposing the jitter. In this paper, a comparative analysis of various jitter estimation techniques is presented. The statistical domain methods are based on fitting techniques while the frequency domain methods are based on frequency spectrum analysis. This work describes both statistical domain methods and frequency domain methods. Further, their strengths and limitations are discussed. The algorithms are implemented in MATLAB and the results are extensively verified with Agilent ADS.

An Efficient Implementation Of Link Analysis Algorithm In High-Speed Interfaces for NRZ In The Presence Of CMOS Non-Linearity In Receivers

Abstract: Today's communication systems have achieved data rates in the range of multi-gigabits per second (Gb/s). With such an incessant escalation in data rates, design engineers are working hard to maintain the performance of these high-speed systems. At higher data rates, it is imperative to preserve the system performance by estimating the impairments of signal. These impairments are mainly due to the frequency dependent nature of transmitters, channels, and receivers in a communication system. Jitter plays a major role in contributing to these impairments thereby, degrading the performance of communication systems. As the speed of data transfer increases, the effects of jitter become more critical with tighter jitter budgets. In order to reduce the effects of jitter in a system, it is crucial to understand its causes and characteristics. In this thesis, the fundamentals of jitter along with its components and sources are reviewed. It illustrates several parameters relevant to the analysis of jitter and its types. This is followed by an overview of some traditional techniques used for jitter measurement and modeling such as the sampling oscilloscopes, bit error ratio tester (BERT), time interval analyzer (TIA), and some state-of-the-art algorithms such as the Tail fit, Peak distortion analysis (PDA), and direct computation of probabilities algorithms. These techniques are well-elucidated with examples as well as their pros and cons. This thesis presents an implementation of the most recent link statistical signaling technique for modeling jitter, in the presence of CMOS non-linearity observed in receivers. This algorithm is based on a superposition technique using HashMaps for determining the accurate logic level of digital data bits, in the presence of jitter. This approach deals with the overall effect of unwanted alterations observed on a data bit positioned at the cursor, contributed by neighboring bits in a digital data stream. In this technique, HashMaps are employed to sustain the computational intricacies involved in this algorithm. The time required for the execution is also reduced, making it an efficient technique for this implementation. The execution time of this technique is reduced by more than a third as compared to a prior implementation of the Link Analysis algorithm called ‘Bin Multiplication’. This technique is implemented for non-return to zero (NRZ), which is the most preferred signaling scheme in high-speed digital systems. Most of the jitter modeling techniques are based on the assumption of linear behavior of components in communication systems. However, in reality, receivers exhibit non-linear traits and this aspect substantially detriments the performance of a system. Thus, the statistical analysis for jitter measurement in terms of bit error rate (BER), is extended to account for the receiver’s non-linearity. In this research, the voltage characteristic of complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) receivers is nominated for modeling the non-linearity in terms of hyperbolic tangent. The…

Minimizing the Jitter of Duty Cycle Distortion Correction Technology Based on Cross Point Eye Diagram Correction

Abstract: Pattern jitter is a primary contributor to the increase of the bit error rate (BER) in high-speed communications, which occurs in large part due to duty cycle distortion (DCD). By considering DCD caused by transmission links and the distribution of jitter in DCD due to the pattern of the transmission link, this paper proposes a precise control method based on the cross point of the eye diagram to minimize the jitter associated with DCD and to effectively decrease the BER of high-speed digital communications. By capitalizing on the theoretical basis that the main form of DCD is the offset of the cross point of the eye diagram, the technology presented here reconstructs the pattern waveform by using a digital method and incorporates a time variable to precisely control the data edge position during the reconstruction process, thereby stabilizing the cross point at 50% to correct its drift. Accordingly, after fanning out the original pattern buffer and then passing two controllable delay lines with different delays through the buffer in a process that is driven by digital logic operation, the cross point of the waveform is reconstructed by changing the relative time delay of the two signals. As a result, the change in the position of the cross point of the eye diagram is transformed into the precise control of the relative time delay, minimizing the DCD jitter. The theoretical model is verified by experiments, indicating that this method can control the cross point of the non-return-to-zero (NRZ) pattern in the range of 30% to 70% under 3 Gbps with a resolution as great as 1%. Furthermore, this approach can solve the problem of cross point drift of the eye diagram and can significantly decrease the BER caused by DCD jitter.

Data Reduction and Error Analysis for the Physical Sciences

Abstract: Uncertainties in measurements probability distributions error analysis estimates of means and errors Monte Carlo techniques dependent and independent variables least-squares fit to a polynomial least-squares fit to an arbitrary function fitting composite peaks direct application of the maximum likelihood. Appendices: numerical methods matrices graphs and tables histograms and graphs computer routines in Pascal.

Data Reduction and Error Analysis for the Physical Sciences.

Abstract: Uncertainties in measurements probability distributions error analysis estimates of means and errors Monte Carlo techniques dependent and independent variables least-squares fit to a polynomial least-squares fit to an arbitrary function fitting composite peaks direct application of the maximum likelihood. Appendices: numerical methods matrices graphs and tables histograms and graphs computer routines in Pascal.

Jitter, Noise, and Signal Integrity at High-Speed

Abstract: State-of-the-art JNB and SI Problem-Solving: Theory, Analysis, Methods, and ApplicationsJitter, noise, and bit error (JNB) and signal integrity (SI) have become today's greatest challenges in high-speed digital design. Now, there's a comprehensive and up-to-date guide to overcoming these challenges, direct from Dr. Mike Peng Li, cochair of the PCI Express jitter standard committee.One of the field's most respected experts, Li has brought together the latest theory, analysis, methods, and practical applications, demonstrating how to solve difficult JNB and SI problems in both link components and complete systems. Li introduces the fundamental terminology, definitions, and concepts associated with JNB and SI, as well as their sources and root causes. He guides readers from basic math, statistics, circuit and system models all the way through final applications. Emphasizing clock and serial data communications applications, he covers JNB and SI simulation, modeling, diagnostics, debugging, compliance testing, and much more.Coverage includes? JNB component classification, interrelationships, measurement references, and transfer functions Statistical techniques and signal processing theory for quantitatively understanding and modeling JNB and related components Jitter, noise, and BER: physical/mathematical foundations and statistical signal processing views Jitter separation methods in statistical distribution, time, and frequency domains Clock jitter in detail: phase, period, and cycle-to-cycle jitter, and key interrelationships among them PLL jitter in clock generation and clock recovery Jitter, noise, and SI mechanisms in high-speed link systems Quantitative modeling and analysis for jitter, noise, and SI Testing requirements and methods for links and systems Emerging trends in high-speed JNB and SI As data rates continue to accelerate, engineers encounter increasingly complex JNB and SI problems. In Jitter, Noise, and Signal Integrity at High-Speed, Dr. Li provides powerful new tools for solving these problemsi??quickly, efficiently, and reliably.Preface xvAcknowledgements xxiAbout the Author xxiiiChapter 1: Introduction 1Chapter 2: Statistical Signal and Linear Theory for Jitter, Noise, and Signal Integrity 27Chapter 3: Source, Mechanism, and Math Model for Jitter and Noise 75Chapter 4: Jitter, Noise, BER (JNB), and Interrelationships 109Chapter 5: Jitter and Noise Separation and Analysis in Statistical Domain 131Chapter 6: Jitter and Noise Separation and Analysis in the Time and Frequency Domains 163Chapter 7: Clock Jitter 185Chapter 8: PLL Jitter and Transfer Function Analysis 209Chapter 9: Jitter and Signal Integrity Mechanisms for High-Speed Links 253Chapter 10: Modeling and Analysis for Jitter and Signaling Integrity for High-Speed Links 281Chapter 11: Testing and Analysis for Jitter and Signaling Integrity for High-Speed Links 309Chapter 12: Book Summary and Future Challenges 345Index 353

A new method for jitter decomposition through its distribution tail fitting

Abstract: We present a new time-domain jitter separation method. Such a method automatically searches and fits the tail parts of the jitter histogram with nonlinear jitter models and estimates deterministic and random jitter components. Bit error rate (BER) calculation based on the deterministic and random jitter components is also discussed and demonstrated.