Open AccessDissertation
Mitigation against lateral buckling and axial walking of subsea pipelines
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TLDR
In this article, the authors used the electrokinetic phenomenon (EK) to treat the soil around a partially buried offshore pipeline with the aim of increasing the pipeline stability to lateral buckling and axial walking.Abstract:
There is a growing concern amongst offshore pipeline operators over the instability
problem of lateral buckling and axial walking of offshore pipelines which is linked with
elevated operating temperature and pressure While some mitigating options are
available to tackle this phenomenon, in most cases these are expensive and
impracticable in deep waters, and none ofthem involves the modification of the ambient
soil properties typically characterised by very low undrained shear strength (Cu) and
high water content (w) In recent times, the use of engineered buckle solutions has
become generally accepted as a cost effective and elegant solution This option
involves laying the pipeline in a snake configuration where some specific sections are
designed to move during operation while others relatively stable This option depends
on accurate understanding of pipe-soil interactions which presently poses the greatest
uncertainty in pipeline design Furthermore, in order to ensure that the buckles are
formed as predetermined, the ambient soil strength must be sufficient to resist the pipe
motion at locations designed to be relatively stable or the entire design approach would
be undermined
This dissertation presents laboratory investigations at both small and pilot scale directed
at using the electro-kinetic phenomenon (EK) to treat the soil around a partially buried
pipeline with the aim of increasing the pipeline stability to lateral buckling and axial
walking The influence of the EK treatment was assessed by evaluating the changes in
the soil Cu, wand the soil resistance to vertical, lateral and axial displacements of pipe
sections Additionally, large-scale pipe-soil interaction studies were conducted to study
the soil deformations, especially the real time study of the berm of soil formed and the
development of the soil resistance during pipe motion
Preliminary results of the application of EK in geotechnical engineering to offshore
pipelines show up to 600% increase in Cu, 14% decrease in w and 190% increase in the
pull out force thus implying promising outcomes which could form the basis for
subsequent research in this arearead more
Citations
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Journal Article
The bearing capacity of clays
TL;DR: The results of theoretical and experimental studies of the properties of clay soils lead to a very simple equation for computing the ultimate bearing capacity or maximum pressure to which the soil can be subjected without complete failure as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Numerical Investigation of Dynamic Pipe-Soil Interaction on Electrokinetic-Treated Soft Clay Soil
Hakuri Nwen Joshua,Fuat Kara +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the importance for a pipeline to safeguard against adverse effects resulting from its displacement in the vertical, axial, and lateral directions because of the displacement of the pipeline.
Field Observations and Modelling of the Shelf-Burial of a North West Shelf Pipeline
TL;DR: The Goodwyn Interfield Pipeline (GIP) as discussed by the authors was constructed by Woodside Energy Limited and is used to transport hydrocarbon fluid from the Goodwyn and Echo/Yodel fields to the North Rankin A platform.
Design of HT Subsea Pipeline Against Upheaval Buckling By Pre-heating Before Trenched
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors theoretically analyzes this technique by using FE models, and the results of pipe-soil coupling analysis indicate that under a certain condition 12.95 degree Celsius of thermal load can be abirritated in buried heated pipeline after applying preheating before trenched technique.
References
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Book
Soil mechanics in engineering practice
Karl Terzaghi,Ralph B. Peck +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a survey of the properties of soils and their properties in terms of Hydraulics of Soils, Hydraulic and Mechanical Properties of Soil Exploration Hydraulic, Mechanical, and Hydraulic properties of soil.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Foudations
TL;DR: In this article, a theory of bearing capacity is developed, on the basis of plastic theory, by extending the previous analysis for surface footings to shallow and deep foundations in a uniform cohesive material with fntemal friction.
Book
Soil stabilization: principles and practice,
O. G Ingles,John B Metcalf +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors deal with the application of soil stabilization in construction practice (highways, airfields, dams, embankments, building foundations, and erosion protection) and discuss the principal soil stabilizing materials (cement, lime and bituminous compounds), and the stabilizing effects of the mechanical admixture of soils.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pb(II) Removal from Kaolinite by Electrokinetics
TL;DR: In this article, the authors conducted electro-osmosis tests on saturated kaolinite specimens loaded with Pb(II) to investigate the efficiency and energy requirements of the process in removing this heavy metal.
Journal ArticleDOI
The evidence of shallow gas in marine sediments
Alan Judd,Martin Hovland +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the presence of shallow gas is considered under the following categories: seismic sub-bottom signatures, geochemical signatures and indirect features on and above the seabed.
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