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Mitochondria as sensors and regulators of calcium signalling

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TLDR
During the past two decades calcium (Ca2+) accumulation in energized mitochondria has emerged as a biological process of utmost physiological relevance, opening new perspectives for investigation and molecular intervention.
Abstract
During the past two decades calcium (Ca(2+)) accumulation in energized mitochondria has emerged as a biological process of utmost physiological relevance. Mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake was shown to control intracellular Ca(2+) signalling, cell metabolism, cell survival and other cell-type specific functions by buffering cytosolic Ca(2+) levels and regulating mitochondrial effectors. Recently, the identity of mitochondrial Ca(2+) transporters has been revealed, opening new perspectives for investigation and molecular intervention.

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Citations
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Calcium and ROS: A mutual interplay.

TL;DR: Increasing evidence suggests a mutual interplay between calcium and ROS signaling systems which seems to have important implications for fine tuning cellular signaling networks.
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Endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria contacts: function of the junction

TL;DR: The most well-characterized organelle contact sites are those between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria, and the role of the ER–mitochondria junction in coordinating the functions of these two organelles is becoming clearer.
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Structure and function of ER membrane contact sites with other organelles.

TL;DR: The structure and functions of MCSs are described, primarily focusing on contacts of the ER with mitochondria and endosomes, as well as engaging in organelle biogenesis and dynamics.
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Mitochondria in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity.

TL;DR: The evidence and mechanisms that mitochondrial dependent signaling controls innate and adaptive immune responses are discussed.
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13 reasons why the brain is susceptible to oxidative stress.

TL;DR: 13 reasons why the brain is susceptible to oxidative stress are rationalised and key reasons include inter alia unsaturated lipid enrichment, mitochondria, calcium, glutamate, modest antioxidant defence, redox active transition metals and neurotransmitter auto-oxidation.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Calcium signalling: dynamics, homeostasis and remodelling

TL;DR: The Ca2+-signalling toolkit is used to assemble signalling systems with very different spatial and temporal dynamics and has a direct role in controlling the expression patterns of its signalling systems that are constantly being remodelled in both health and disease.
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Regulation of cell death: the calcium-apoptosis link.

TL;DR: The dual role of Ca2+ in living organisms is discussed in this paper, where it has been shown that cellular Ca 2+ overload, or perturbation of intracellular Ca2 + compartmentalization, can cause cytotoxicity and trigger either apoptotic or necrotic cell death.
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Release of Ca2+ from a nonmitochondrial intracellular store in pancreatic acinar cells by inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate.

TL;DR: It is reported here that micromolar concentrations of Ins1,4,5P3 release Ca2+ from a nonmitochondrial intracellular Ca2- store in pancreatic acinar cells, and the results strongly suggest that this is the same Ca1+ store that is released by acetylcholine.
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Store-operated calcium channels.

TL;DR: The key electrophysiological features of I(CRAC) and other store-operated Ca(2+) currents and how they are regulated are described, and recent advances that have shed insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in this ubiquitous and vital Ca( 2+) entry pathway are considered.
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