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Mitogen-activated protein kinases in innate immunity
J. Simon C. Arthur,Steven C. Ley +1 more
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This Review discusses the current knowledge about the regulation and the function of MAPKs in innate immunity, as well as the importance of negative feedback loops in limiting MAPK activity to prevent host tissue damage and how pathogens have evolved complex mechanisms to manipulate MAPK activation to increase their virulence.Abstract:
Following pathogen infection or tissue damage, the stimulation of pattern recognition receptors on the cell surface and in the cytoplasm of innate immune cells activates members of each of the major mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) subfamilies--the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38 and Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) subfamilies. In conjunction with the activation of nuclear factor-κB and interferon-regulatory factor transcription factors, MAPK activation induces the expression of multiple genes that together regulate the inflammatory response. In this Review, we discuss our current knowledge about the regulation and the function of MAPKs in innate immunity, as well as the importance of negative feedback loops in limiting MAPK activity to prevent host tissue damage. We also examine how pathogens have evolved complex mechanisms to manipulate MAPK activation to increase their virulence. Finally, we consider the potential of the pharmacological targeting of MAPK pathways to treat autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.read more
Citations
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Regulation of pattern recognition receptor signalling in plants.
Daniel Couto,Cyril Zipfel +1 more
TL;DR: The mechanisms that fine-tune immune signalling to maintain immune homeostasis are described and how the innate ability of plant cells to monitor the integrity of key immune components can lead to autoimmune phenotypes following genetic or pathogen-induced perturbations of these components are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Compromised MAPK signaling in human diseases: an update
Eunkyung Kim,Eui Ju Choi +1 more
TL;DR: Recent research on the roles of MAPK signaling pathways in human diseases, with a focus on cancer and neurodegenerative conditions is summarized.
Journal ArticleDOI
The MAPK pathway across different malignancies: a new perspective.
TL;DR: Understanding the differential nature of activation of the MAPK/ERK pathway in each tumor type is critical in developing single and combination regimens, because different tumors have unique mechanisms of primary and secondary signaling and subsequent sensitivity to drugs.
Journal ArticleDOI
TNF and MAP kinase signalling pathways
Guadalupe Sabio,Roger J. Davis +1 more
TL;DR: Mechanisms that mediate the actions of MAP kinases during the response to TNFα are reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Limiting inflammation-the negative regulation of NF-κB and the NLRP3 inflammasome.
TL;DR: The key molecular mechanisms that contribute to the self-limiting nature of inflammatory signaling are discussed, with emphasis on the negative regulation of the NF-κB pathway and the NLRP3 inflammasome.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The role of pattern-recognition receptors in innate immunity: update on Toll-like receptors
Taro Kawai,Shizuo Akira +1 more
TL;DR: Recent advances that have been made by research into the role of TLR biology in host defense and disease are described.
Journal ArticleDOI
The NOX Family of ROS-Generating NADPH Oxidases: Physiology and Pathophysiology
Karen Bedard,Karl-Heinz Krause +1 more
TL;DR: This review summarizes the current state of knowledge of the functions of NOX enzymes in physiology and pathology.
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Alternative Activation of Macrophages: An Immunologic Functional Perspective
TL;DR: The cellular sources of these cytokines, receptor signaling pathways, and induced markers and gene signatures are reviewed and the concept of macrophage activation in the context of the immune response is revisit.
Journal ArticleDOI
The regulation of IL-10 production by immune cells
Margarida Saraiva,Anne O'Garra +1 more
TL;DR: Understanding the specific molecular events that regulate the production of IL-10 will help to answer the remaining questions that are important for the design of new strategies of immune intervention.
Journal ArticleDOI
Activation and Function of the MAPKs and Their Substrates, the MAPK-Activated Protein Kinases
Marie Cargnello,Philippe P. Roux +1 more
TL;DR: The mechanisms of MAPKAPK activation by the different MAPKs are reviewed and their physiological roles based on established substrates and recent discoveries are discussed.
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