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Book ChapterDOI

Mix Design of Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Concrete

01 Jan 2015-The Indian Concrete Journal (Springer, New Delhi)-Vol. 82, Iss: 5, pp 7-14
TL;DR: In this paper, an experimental investigation has been carried out for the gradation of geopolymer concrete and a mix design procedure is proposed on the basis of quantity and fineness of fly ash, quantity of water, grading of fine aggregate, fine to total aggregate ratio.
Abstract: Geopolymer is a new development in the world of concrete in which cement is totally replaced by pozzolanic materials like fly ash and activated by highly alkaline solutions to act as a binder in the concrete mix. For the selection of suitable ingredients of geopolymer concrete to achieve desire strength at required workability, an experimental investigation has been carried out for the gradation of geopolymer concrete and a mix design procedure is proposed on the basis of quantity and fineness of fly ash, quantity of water, grading of fine aggregate, fine to total aggregate ratio. Sodium silicate solution with Na2O = 16.37 %, SiO2 = 34.35 % and H2O = 49.28 % and sodium hydroxide solution having 13 M concentration were maintained constant throughout the experiment. Water-to-geopolymer binder ratio of 0.35, alkaline solution-to-fly ash ratio of 0.35 and sodium silicate-to-sodium hydroxide ratio of 1.0 by mass were fixed on the basis of workability and cube compressive strength. Workability of geopolymer concrete was measured by flow table apparatus and cubes of 150 mm side were cast and tested for compressive strength after specified period of oven heating. The temperature of oven heating was maintained at 60 °C for 24 h duration and tested 7 days after heating. It is observed that the results of workability and compressive strength are well match with the required degree of workability and compressive strength. So, proposed method is used to design normal and standard geopolymer concrete.
Citations
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Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2015
TL;DR: In this article, a phenomenological model was proposed to arrive at the combinations of the ingredients to produce geopolymer blocks to meet the strength development desired, and the validity of phenomenological models was examined with an independent set of experimental data.
Abstract: This chapter illustrates the reaction mechanism, the choice of materials used in making geopolymers and proportioning in brief. Later, the methods to be adopted to prepare mortar samples, determination of the optimum dry density, casting of mortar specimens and testing the same are illustrated. The development of compressive strength with various parameters is analyzed using the experimental data generated. This was done to formulate a phenomenological model to arrive at the combinations of the ingredients to produce geopolymer blocks to meet the strength development desired. The validity of phenomenological models was examined with an independent set of experimental data. It was found that the experimental values of compressive strength were in line with the predicted values.

5 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, an experimental investigation has been carried out for the gradation of geopolymer concrete and a mix design procedure is proposed on the basis of quantity and fineness of fly ash, quantity of water, grading of fine aggregate, fine to total aggregate ratio.
Abstract: Geopolymer is a new development in the world of concrete in which cement is totally replaced by pozzoloanic materials like fly ash and activated by highly alkaline solutions to act as a binder in the concrete mix. For the selection of suitable ingredients of geopolymer concrete to achieve desire strength at required workability, an experimental investigation has been carried out for the gradation of geopolymer concrete and a mix design procedure is proposed on the basis of quantity and fineness of fly ash, quantity of water, grading of fine aggregate, fine to total aggregate ratio. Sodium silicate solution with Na2O = 16.37 %, SiO2 = 34.35 % and H2O = 49.28 % and sodium hydroxide solution having 13M , 10M 15M concentration were obtained throughout the experiment. Water-to-geopolymer binder ratio of 0.40, alkaline solution-to-fly ash ratio of 0.35 and sodium silicate-to-sodium hydroxide ratio of 2.0 by mass were fixed on the basis of workability and cube compressive strength. Workability of geopolymer concrete was measured by flow table apparatus and cubes of 150 mm .side were cast and tested for compressive strength after specified period of oven heating. The temperature of oven heating was maintained at 60 °C for 24 h duration and tested 7 days after heating. It is observed that the results of workability and compressive strength are well match with the required degree of workability and compressive strength. So, proposed method is used to design normal and standard geopolymer concrete.

4 citations


Cites methods from "Mix Design of Fly Ash Based Geopoly..."

  • ...Rangan [16] have proposed the mix design procedure for production of fly ash based geopolymer concrete whereas Anuradha [1] have presented modified guidelines for mix design of geopolymer...

    [...]

Proceedings ArticleDOI
26 Sep 2017
TL;DR: In this paper, an investigation has been carried out to select the most suitable ingredients of geopolymer concrete so that the concrete can achieve the desire compressive strength, and the results showed that the percentage of palm kernel shell used in concrete can be used to achieve the desired performance.
Abstract: A concrete which cement is totally replaced by source material such as fly ash and activated by highly alkaline solutions is known as geopolymer concrete. Fly ash is the most common source material for geopolymer because it is a by-product material, so it can get easily from all around the world. An investigation has been carried out to select the most suitable ingredients of geopolymer concrete so that the geopolymer concrete can achieve the desire compressive strength. The samples were prepared to determine the suitable percentage of palm kernel shell used in geopolymer concrete and cured for 7 days in oven. After that, other samples were prepared by using the suitable percentage of palm kernel shell and cured for 3, 14, 21 and 28 days in oven. The control sample consisting of ordinary Portland cement and palm kernel shell and cured for 28 days were prepared too. The NaOH concentration of 12M, ratio Na2SiO3 to NaOH of 2.5, ratio fly ash to alkaline activator solution of 2.0 and ratio water to geopolymer...

4 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , biaxial geogrid reinforced GPC was investigated to evaluate its drying shrinkage and thermal expansion properties which affect cracks propagation due to thermal volumetric changes in concrete pavement slabs.

4 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In the last few years, technological progress has been made in the development of new materials such as "geopolymers" and new techniques, such as ''sol-gel'' as mentioned in this paper, opening up new applications and procedures and transforming ideas that have been taken for granted in inorganic chemistry.
Abstract: Spectacular technological progress has been made in the last few years through thedevelopment of new materials such as «geopolymers», and new techniques, such as «sol-gel». New state-of-the-art materials designed with the help of geopolymerization reactions are opening up new applications and procedures and transforming ideas that have been taken for granted in inorganic chemistry. High temperature techniques arc no longer necessary to obtain materials which are ceramic-like in their structures and properties

3,178 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a statistical study of the effect on the polymerization process of the molar ratio of the component oxides and the water content of the mixture showed the latter to be a critical parameter.

933 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, fly ash-based geopolymer concrete was developed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and the test results showed the effects of various parameters on the properties of the concrete.
Abstract: To reduce greenhouse gas emissions, efforts are needed to develop environmentally friendly construction materials. This paper presents the development of fly ash-based geopolymer concrete. In geopolymer concrete, a by-product material rich in silicon and aluminum, such as low-calcium (ASTM C 618 Class F) fly ash, is chemically activated by a high-alkaline solution to form a paste that binds the loose coarse and fine aggregates, and other unreacted materials in the mixture. The test results presented in this paper show the effects of various parameters on the properties of geopolymer concrete. The application of geopolymer concrete and future research needs are also identified.

797 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the increase use of large volumes of fly ash and other supplementary cementing materials in the construction industry and its role in reducing these emissions, since the manufacture of portland cement contributes significantly to carbon dioxide emissions.
Abstract: Environmental issues will play a leading role in the sustainable development of the cement and concrete industry in the 21st century. The World Earth Summits in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1992, and Kyoto, Japan in 1997, have made it abundantly clear that unchecked increased emission of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere is no longer environmentally and socially acceptable for overall sustainable development. The primary greenhouse gas emissions discussed in the sessions of the above conferences are carbon dioxide emissions. Other greenhouse gases such as nitrous oxide and methane, are of serious concern, but the amount involved is relatively small compared with that of carbon dioxide. Consequently, developed countries are considering regulations and mandatory quotas on the emission of these gases, and the main thrust is to stabilize these emissions to the 1990 level by the year 2010. Since the manufacture of portland cement contributes significantly to carbon dioxide emissions, this article discusses the increase use of large volumes of fly ash and other supplementary cementing materials in the construction industry and its role in reducing these emissions.

226 citations