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Book ChapterDOI

Mix Design of Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Concrete

01 Jan 2015-The Indian Concrete Journal (Springer, New Delhi)-Vol. 82, Iss: 5, pp 7-14
TL;DR: In this paper, an experimental investigation has been carried out for the gradation of geopolymer concrete and a mix design procedure is proposed on the basis of quantity and fineness of fly ash, quantity of water, grading of fine aggregate, fine to total aggregate ratio.
Abstract: Geopolymer is a new development in the world of concrete in which cement is totally replaced by pozzolanic materials like fly ash and activated by highly alkaline solutions to act as a binder in the concrete mix. For the selection of suitable ingredients of geopolymer concrete to achieve desire strength at required workability, an experimental investigation has been carried out for the gradation of geopolymer concrete and a mix design procedure is proposed on the basis of quantity and fineness of fly ash, quantity of water, grading of fine aggregate, fine to total aggregate ratio. Sodium silicate solution with Na2O = 16.37 %, SiO2 = 34.35 % and H2O = 49.28 % and sodium hydroxide solution having 13 M concentration were maintained constant throughout the experiment. Water-to-geopolymer binder ratio of 0.35, alkaline solution-to-fly ash ratio of 0.35 and sodium silicate-to-sodium hydroxide ratio of 1.0 by mass were fixed on the basis of workability and cube compressive strength. Workability of geopolymer concrete was measured by flow table apparatus and cubes of 150 mm side were cast and tested for compressive strength after specified period of oven heating. The temperature of oven heating was maintained at 60 °C for 24 h duration and tested 7 days after heating. It is observed that the results of workability and compressive strength are well match with the required degree of workability and compressive strength. So, proposed method is used to design normal and standard geopolymer concrete.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated both acid and sulfate resistance of AAB-based binders and showed that they are resistant to sulfate acid and acid sulfate in the presence of slag, palm oil fuel ash, and rice husk ash alongside a 2.5 M Na...
Abstract: The aim of the study is to evaluate both acid and sulfate resistance of alkali-activated binders (AABs): (1) AAB-1 made up of slag, palm oil fuel ash, and rice husk ash alongside a 2.5 M Na...

13 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of several factors on the properti es of fly ash based geopolymer concrete on the comp ressive strength and also the cost comparison with the normal concrete were studied.
Abstract: To study effects of several factors on the properti es of fly ash based geopolymer concrete on the comp ressive strength and also the cost comparison with the normal concrete. The test variables were molarities of sodium hydroxide(NaOH) 8M,14M and 16M, ratio of NaOH to sodium silicate (Na 2SiO 3) 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5, alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio 0.35 and 0.40 and replacement of water in Na 2SiO 3 solution by 10%, 20% and 30% were used in the pres ent study. The test results indicated that the high est compressive strength 54 MPa was observed for 16M of NaOH, ratio of NaOH to Na 2SiO 3 2.5 and alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of 0.35. Lowest compressive strength of 27 MPa was observed for 8M of NaOH, ratio of NaOH to Na 2SiO 3 is 1 and alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of 0.40. Alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of 0.35, water replacement of 10% and 30% for 8 and 16 molarity of NaOH and has resulted in compressive strength of 36 MPa and 20 MPa respectiv ely. Superplasticiser dosage of 2 % by weight of fl y ash has given higher strength in all cases.

13 citations


Cites background from "Mix Design of Fly Ash Based Geopoly..."

  • ...Some simple guidelines for the design of heat-cured low calcium fly ash-based geopolymer concrete are proposed (Rangan, 2008) [8]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the impact of recycled aggregates on mechanical properties of fly ash-based geopolymer concrete and to see whether it can be utilized in place of conventional concrete was investigated.

11 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the possibility of using geopolymer concrete based on metakaolin (GPC) as a rigid pavement concrete slab material and as an efficient alternative to conventional Portland cement concrete (PCC) were tested to assure validity for use.
Abstract: Geopolymer concrete is a new kind of environmentally friendly concrete. It gains early strength in room temperature without water curing, and by heating, strength continues to develop. This study investigates the possibility of using geopolymer concrete based on metakaolin (GPC) as a rigid pavement concrete slab material and as an efficient alternative to conventional Portland cement concrete (PCC). Different constitutes materials of GPC and PCC were tested to assure validity for use. Both GPC and PCC mixtures had 30 MPa compressive strength. GPC specimens were cured at room temperature, whereas PCC specimens were cured in water. GPC mixture was mixed at 2.5 alkaline solutions ratio, and the concentration of NaOH solution was 16 molar. The ratio of SiO2 to Na2O in Na2SiO3 solution was two. Compressive, flexural, and indirect tensile strength tests, as well as static modulus of elasticity, Poisson’s ratio tests and resistance to fuel tests, were performed on both GPC and PCC specimens. To study the behavior of rigid pavement slabs, 800 × 800 × 50 mm GPC and PCC slabs were subjected to mechanical loading tests in three positions (interior, edge and corner). The slabs were supported by a set of steel springs under a 20-mm layer of recycled rubber which had the same surface dimensions of the tested slabs to simulate a subgrade with a modulus of reaction of 36 MPa/m. GPC exhibited a comparable performance with PCC in all investigated parameters in this study with higher rigidity and resistance to surface abrasion in fuel resistance test.

11 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A review of the impact of high temperatures on the properties of geopolymeric concrete is presented in this article, where it is found that the type of aggregate has a high impact on that resistance and degree of temperature, as the compressive strength deteriorates with a significant increase in temperature.

11 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In the last few years, technological progress has been made in the development of new materials such as "geopolymers" and new techniques, such as ''sol-gel'' as mentioned in this paper, opening up new applications and procedures and transforming ideas that have been taken for granted in inorganic chemistry.
Abstract: Spectacular technological progress has been made in the last few years through thedevelopment of new materials such as «geopolymers», and new techniques, such as «sol-gel». New state-of-the-art materials designed with the help of geopolymerization reactions are opening up new applications and procedures and transforming ideas that have been taken for granted in inorganic chemistry. High temperature techniques arc no longer necessary to obtain materials which are ceramic-like in their structures and properties

3,178 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a statistical study of the effect on the polymerization process of the molar ratio of the component oxides and the water content of the mixture showed the latter to be a critical parameter.

933 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, fly ash-based geopolymer concrete was developed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and the test results showed the effects of various parameters on the properties of the concrete.
Abstract: To reduce greenhouse gas emissions, efforts are needed to develop environmentally friendly construction materials. This paper presents the development of fly ash-based geopolymer concrete. In geopolymer concrete, a by-product material rich in silicon and aluminum, such as low-calcium (ASTM C 618 Class F) fly ash, is chemically activated by a high-alkaline solution to form a paste that binds the loose coarse and fine aggregates, and other unreacted materials in the mixture. The test results presented in this paper show the effects of various parameters on the properties of geopolymer concrete. The application of geopolymer concrete and future research needs are also identified.

797 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the increase use of large volumes of fly ash and other supplementary cementing materials in the construction industry and its role in reducing these emissions, since the manufacture of portland cement contributes significantly to carbon dioxide emissions.
Abstract: Environmental issues will play a leading role in the sustainable development of the cement and concrete industry in the 21st century. The World Earth Summits in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1992, and Kyoto, Japan in 1997, have made it abundantly clear that unchecked increased emission of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere is no longer environmentally and socially acceptable for overall sustainable development. The primary greenhouse gas emissions discussed in the sessions of the above conferences are carbon dioxide emissions. Other greenhouse gases such as nitrous oxide and methane, are of serious concern, but the amount involved is relatively small compared with that of carbon dioxide. Consequently, developed countries are considering regulations and mandatory quotas on the emission of these gases, and the main thrust is to stabilize these emissions to the 1990 level by the year 2010. Since the manufacture of portland cement contributes significantly to carbon dioxide emissions, this article discusses the increase use of large volumes of fly ash and other supplementary cementing materials in the construction industry and its role in reducing these emissions.

226 citations