Model for an anomalous hollow beam and its paraxial propagation
TL;DR: Based on the Collins integral formula, an analytical propagation formula for the anomalous hollow beam passing through a paraxial ABCD optical system is derived and the propagation properties in free space are studied graphically.
Abstract: A theoretical model is proposed to approximately describe an anomalous hollow beam of elliptical symmetry with an elliptical solid core, which was observed in experiment recently [Phys. Rev. Lett.94, 134802 (2005)]. Expressions for the propagation factor and effective beam spot size for the anomalous hollow beam are derived. Based on the Collins integral formula, an analytical propagation formula for the anomalous hollow beam passing through a paraxial ABCD optical system is derived. The propagation properties in free space are studied graphically.
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TL;DR: The numerical results show that the M(2)- factor of a DHB in turbulent atmosphere increases on propagation, which is much different from its invariant properties in free-space, and is mainly determined by the parameters of the beam and the atmosphere.
Abstract: Analytical formula is derived for the M2-factor of coherent and partially coherent dark hollow beams (DHB) in turbulent atmosphere based on the extended Huygens-Fresnel integral and the second-order moments of the Wigner distribution function. Our numerical results show that the M2- factor of a DHB in turbulent atmosphere increases on propagation, which is much different from its invariant properties in free-space, and is mainly determined by the parameters of the beam and the atmosphere. The relative M2-factor of a DHB increases slower than that of Gaussian and flat-topped beams on propagation, which means a DHB is less affected by the atmospheric turbulence than Gaussian and flat-topped beams. Furthermore, the relative M2-factor of a DHB with lower coherence, longer wavelength and larger dark size is less affected by the atmospheric turbulence. Our results will be useful in long-distance free-space optical communications.
131 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the average intensity of flat-topped beams propagating in a turbulent atmosphere is derived in a tensor form, and the formulae derived can be easily reduced to those for flat-top beams in free space.
Abstract: The propagation of flat-topped beams with circular, elliptical and rectangular symmetries in a turbulent atmosphere is investigated. Analytical formulae for the average intensity of various flat-topped beams propagating in a turbulent atmosphere are derived in a tensor form. The formulae derived can easily be reduced to those for flat-topped beams propagating in free space (in the absence of turbulence). The propagation properties of flat-topped beams are studied in detail. We find that a flat-topped beam with circular or non-circular symmetry will evolve into a circular Gaussian beam in the far field under the influence of atmospheric turbulence, which is quite different to its properties in free space. Our method provides an effective and convenient way to analyse the propagation of various flat-topped beams in a turbulent atmosphere.
126 citations
TL;DR: The experimental generation of a high-quality partially coherent dark hollow beam (DHB) is reported by coupling a partially coherent beam into a multimode fiber (MMF) with a suitable incidence angle by closely controlled coherence of the input beam.
Abstract: We report the experimental generation of a high-quality partially coherent dark hollow beam (DHB) by coupling a partially coherent beam into a multimode fiber (MMF) with a suitable incidence angle. The interference experiment of the generated partially coherent DHB passing through double slits is demonstrated. It is found that the coupling efficiency of the MMF, the quality, and the coherence of the generated partially coherent DHB are closely controlled by the coherence of the input beam.
87 citations
Cites background from "Model for an anomalous hollow beam ..."
...Over the past several years, dark-hollow beams (DHBs) with zero central intensity have been widely investigated both theoretically and experimentally due to their wide applications in atomic optics, free space optical communications, optical trapping of particles and life sciences [1-14]....
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TL;DR: In this article, the propagation of dark hollow beams with circular, elliptical and rectangular symmetries in uniaxial crystals orthogonal to the optical axis is investigated.
Abstract: The propagation of dark hollow beams with circular, elliptical and rectangular symmetries in uniaxial crystals orthogonal to the optical axis is investigated. Analytical formulae for various dark hollow beams propagating in uniaxial crystals orthogonal to the optical axis are derived, and the propagation properties of various dark hollow beams are studied in detail. We find that the dark hollow beam of circular or non-circular symmetry will spread in the xy plane with the increase in propagation distance, and various hollow beams can keep their initial beam profile almost invariant for a short propagation distance in uniaxial crystals.
63 citations
TL;DR: Analytical propagation formula for an elliptical LGCSM beam passing through a stigmatic ABCD optical system is derived and the experimental results are consistent with the theoretical predictions.
Abstract: A new kind of partially coherent beam with non-conventional correlation function named elliptical Laguerre-Gaussian correlated Schell-model (LGCSM) beam is introduced. Analytical propagation formula for an elliptical LGCSM beam passing through a stigmatic ABCD optical system is derived. The elliptical LGCSM beam exhibits unique features on propagation, e.g., its intensity in the far field (or in the focal plane) displays an elliptical ring-shaped beam profile, being qualitatively different from the circular ring-shaped beam profile of the circular LGCSM beam. Furthermore, we carry out experimental generation of an elliptical LGCSM beam with controllable ellipticity, and measure its focusing properties. Our experimental results are consistent with the theoretical predictions. The elliptical LGCSM beam will be useful in atomic optics.
61 citations
References
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TL;DR: Laser beams that contain phase singularities can be generated with computer-generated holograms, which in the simplest case have the form of spiral Fresnel zone plates.
Abstract: Laser beams that contain phase singularities can be generated with computer-generated holograms, which in the simplest case have the form of spiral Fresnel zone plates.
1,251 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a diffraction integral is derived which relates the electromagnetic fields on the input plane of a lens system to those on its output plane, which indicates a connection between ray optics and diffraction theory.
Abstract: This paper deals with the propagation of coherent light through lens systems; it relates diffraction theory to ray optics. A diffraction integral is derived which relates the electromagnetic fields on the input plane of a lens system to those on its output plane. The kernel of the diffraction integral is written in terms of the elements of the ray matrix that describes the complete lens system; that kernel indicates a connection between ray optics and diffraction theory. It also provides a simple method for writing the diffraction integral for a lens system. The results are limited to the paraxial-ray approximation, but apply to symmetric and asymmetric lens systems. In the case of asymmetric systems, i.e., those containing rotated elliptical or cylindrical lenses, the ray-matrix formalism is extended so as to use a single fourth-order matrix. The diffraction integrals derived are applied to optical spatial filtering, optical-beam waveguides, optical resonators, and holography.
1,145 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, a new type of solution of the paraxial wave equation is presented, which encompasses as limiting cases both the diffraction-free beam and the gaussian beam.
817 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a Laguerre-Gaussian (doughnut) beam whose frequency is blue detuned to the atomic transition was used to trap neutral atoms in the dark core of the doughnut beam with the help of two additional laser beams.
Abstract: We have constructed a novel optical trap for neutral atoms by using a Laguerre-Gaussian (doughnut) beam whose frequency is blue detuned to the atomic transition. Laser-cooled rubidium atoms are trapped in the dark core of the doughnut beam with the help of two additional laser beams which limit the atomic motion along the optical axis. About ${10}^{8}$ atoms are initially loaded into the trap, and the lifetime is 150 ms. Because the atoms are confined at a point in a weak radiation field in the absence of any external field, ideal circumstances are provided for precision measurements. The trap opens the way to a simple technique for atom manipulation, including Bose-Einstein condensation of gaseous atoms.
781 citations
01 Jun 1990
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe three recent developments not so much in laser resonators themselves as in the tools for analyzing and measuring the quality of laser beams and resonators, which include personal computer programs for analyzing laser beam and resonator properties, a new method for characterizing and measuring beam quality of a laser output beam, and a new "ray-pulse" method of analysis for describing beams.
Abstract: This paper gives brief descriptions of three recent developments not so much in laser resonators themselves as in the tools for analyzing and measuring the quality of laser beams and resonators. These tools include personal computer programs for analyzing laser beams and resonators; a new method for characterizing and measuring the "beam quality" of a laser output beam; and a new "ray-pulse" method of analysis for describing beams and resonators which involve any combination of ultrashort optical pulses, broadband optical signals, and dispersive optical elements.
735 citations