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Modeling Development and Disease with Organoids

Hans Clevers
- 16 Jun 2016 - 
- Vol. 165, Iss: 7, pp 1586-1597
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TLDR
3D culture technology allow embryonic and adult mammalian stem cells to exhibit their remarkable self-organizing properties, and the resulting organoids reflect key structural and functional properties of organs such as kidney, lung, gut, brain and retina, and hold promise to predict drug response in a personalized fashion.
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This article is published in Cell.The article was published on 2016-06-16 and is currently open access. It has received 1810 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Regenerative medicine.

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The Human Cell Atlas

Aviv Regev, +81 more
- 05 Dec 2017 - 
TL;DR: An open comprehensive reference map of the molecular state of cells in healthy human tissues would propel the systematic study of physiological states, developmental trajectories, regulatory circuitry and interactions of cells, and also provide a framework for understanding cellular dysregulation in human disease.
Journal ArticleDOI

Designer matrices for intestinal stem cell and organoid culture

TL;DR: Modular synthetic hydrogel networks are used to define the key extracellular matrix parameters that govern intestinal stem cell (ISC) expansion and organoid formation, and show that separate stages of the process require different mechanical environments and ECM components.
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Organoids in cancer research

TL;DR: In this Review, Drost and Clevers discuss the recent advances in organoid models of cancer and how they can be exploited to drive the translation of basic cancer research into novel patient-specific treatment regimens in the clinic.
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Three-Dimensional in Vitro Cell Culture Models in Drug Discovery and Drug Repositioning.

TL;DR: Common approaches to 3D culture are reviewed, the significance of 3D cultures in drug resistance and drug repositioning is discussed and some of the challenges of applying 3D cell cultures to high-throughput drug discovery are addressed.
References
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Single Lgr5 stem cells build crypt-villus structures in vitro without a mesenchymal niche.

TL;DR: It is concluded that intestinal crypt–villus units are self-organizing structures, which can be built from a single stem cell in the absence of a non-epithelial cellular niche.
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Identification of stem cells in small intestine and colon by marker gene Lgr5

TL;DR: The expression pattern of Lgr5 suggests that it marks stem cells in multiple adult tissues and cancers, suggesting that it represents the stem cell of the small intestine and colon.
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Serial cultivation of strains of human epidermal keratinocytes: the formation of keratinizing colonies from single cells.

TL;DR: Human diploid epidermis epidermal cells have been successfully grown in serial culture and it is possible to isolate keratinocyte clones free of viable fibroblasts, and human diploids keratinocytes appear to have a finite culture lifetime.
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Cerebral organoids model human brain development and microcephaly

TL;DR: A human pluripotent stem cell-derived three-dimensional organoid culture system that develops various discrete, although interdependent, brain regions that include a cerebral cortex containing progenitor populations that organize and produce mature cortical neuron subtypes is developed.
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Long-term expansion of epithelial organoids from human colon, adenoma, adenocarcinoma, and Barrett's epithelium.

TL;DR: A technology that can be used to study infected, inflammatory, or neoplastic tissues from the human gastrointestinal tract is developed that might have applications in regenerative biology through ex vivo expansion of the intestinal epithelia.
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