Modeling of Continuous Fertilizer Granulation Process for Control
01 Jun 1998-Particle & Particle Systems Characterization (John Wiley & Sons, Ltd)-Vol. 15, Iss: 3, pp 156-160
TL;DR: In this article, a two-parameter phenomenological model for fertilizer granulation taking into account the growth and death function was developed, and experiments were conducted in a rotary drum granulator on an N-K system and data were used for obtaining the model parameters with reference to the operating conditions and to validate the model.
Abstract: A two-parameter phenomenological model for fertilizer granulation taking into account the growth and death function was developed. It was assumed that the growth and death functions were governed by layering and breakage mechanisms, respectively. Experiments were conducted in a rotary drum granulator on an N-K system and the data were used for obtaining the model parameters with reference to the operating conditions and to validate the model. It is concluded that the proposed model adequately describes the complexities of the fertilizer granulation process.
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TL;DR: In this paper, high-concentration controlled release potassium (CRK) fertilizer has been used to improve the performance of conventional KCl particles with the characteristics of irregular, high concentration controlled release.
Abstract: Few studies have paid attention to high-concentration controlled release potassium (CRK) fertilizer because conventional potassium chloride (KCl) particles with the characteristics of irregular, hi...
20 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the unsteady state of an industrial multichamber fluidized-bed granulator for urea production, with variable mass holdup, is studied under different imposed step changes in key operating variables.
Abstract: Granulation is one of the fundamental operations in particulate processing; however, there is still need to provide insight into the complex dynamic state behavior of these units. The unsteady state of an industrial multichamber fluidized-bed granulator for urea production, with variable mass holdup, is studied under different imposed step changes in key operating variables. For the assayed disturbances, the unit dynamics is considerably slow. In fact, many important state variables (e.g., bed height, pressure drop, solid mass flow, etc.) required more than 1 h to achieve the new steady state. The observed nonsteady behavior indicates the need of an efficient control to return the system rapidly to the desired operational point. The discharge area, fluidization air flow rate, and temperature were determined to be the more appropriate manipulative variables, for granulator stability control purposes.
18 citations