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Journal Article•DOI•

Modeling on Gas Hydrate Formation Conditions in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Permafrost

Zhen Quan Lu, Nabil Sultan1, Chun Shuang Jin2, Zhu Rao, Xu Rong Luo, Bi Hao Wu, You Hai Zhu •
IFREMER1, Ministry of Land and Resources of the People's Republic of China2
01 Jan 2009-Chinese Journal of Geophysics (John Wiley & Sons, Ltd)-Vol. 52, Iss: 1, pp 202-213
TL;DR: Based on the field-investigated gas geochemistry, the modeling of gas hydrate formation conditions in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau permafrost (QTPP) was conducted in this article.
Abstract: Based on the field-investigated gas geochemistry, the modeling of gas hydrate formation conditions is conducted in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau permafrost (QTPP) in combination with predecessors' data such as the permafrost ground temperature (T0), the thermal gradient within the frozen layer (G1) and the thermal gradient below the frozen layer (G2). The modeled results show that the permafrost characteristics generally meet the requirements for gas hydrate formation conditions in the study area. Gas composition, temperaturerelated permafrost parameters (e.g. T0,G1,G2) are the most important factors affecting gas hydrate formation conditions in the study area, whose spatial variations may cause the heterogeneity of gas hydrate occurrences. The most probable gas composition to form gas hydrate is the hybrid of methane and weight hydrocarbon gases (ethane and propane). In the predicted gas hydrate locations, the minimal upper depth of gas hydrate occurrence is less than one hundred meters and the maximum lower depth can reach one thousand meters with the thickness up to several hundred meters. Compared with Canadian Mallik gas hydrate field, the QTPP is favorable for gas hydrate formation in aspects of G1, G2 and gas composition, except for relatively thin permafrost, still suggesting great gas hydrate potentials.

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Citations
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Journal Article•DOI•
Increasing Gas Production of Continuous Freeze-Thaw Hydrate Deposits Based on Local Reservoir Reconstruction

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Pengfei Shen, Xiyu Mao, Chao Cui, Xinwang Li, Dan Liu 
15 Apr 2023-Geofluids
TL;DR: In this paper , the influence mechanism between multiple production wells after fracturing the reservoirs around horizontal wells was studied, and the best distance between production wells was recommended to be 45~60m, and it was also recommended to provide appropriate heat in the area between the two wells to accelerate the decomposition of hydrate.
Abstract: The fracturing technology for increasing gas production based on hydrate reservoir reconstruction has been proven to have the application prospect of hydrate production. The main content of this work is to study the influence mechanism between multiple production wells after fracturing the reservoirs around horizontal wells. Simulation results indicated that the gas production rates and cumulative volume of released gas by using hydraulic fracturing were both higher than that by using the traditional depressurization method. The average gas-to-water ratio in this work has broken through the technical bottleneck of exploiting hydrate only by the traditional depressurization method. After the rock matrix around the horizontal well was fractured, the permeability of the reservoir in the fracturing area would be increased; thus, the propagation distance of pressure drop would be promoted. In addition, the penetration of the hydrate decomposition area between horizontal production wells was conducive to promoting the flow of decomposed gas and water to production wells. Besides, the hydraulic fracturing method to increase the permeability of the reservoir around the production well is very effective for the gas production of low-permeability natural hydrate deposits. The best distance between production wells was recommended to be 45~60 m, and it was recommended to provide appropriate heat in the area between the two wells to accelerate the decomposition of hydrate.
Journal Article•DOI•
Study on Greenhouse Gas Emissions from the Mounds Produced by Plateau Zokor (Eospalax Baileyi) on Qinghai–Tibet Plateau

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Zhuangsheng Tang1, Yongmei Jiang2, Rui Hua1, Jianwei Zhou1, Bin Chu1, Guohui Ye1, Limin Hua1, Yongliang Tian •
Gansu Agricultural University1, Sichuan University2
01 Sep 2021-Rangeland Ecology & Management
TL;DR: In this article, a gas analyzer in situ combined with a closed static chamber was used to monitor the emissions of CO2 and CH4 from new mounds, seminew mounds and old mounds.
References
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Journal Article•DOI•
Uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and environmental changes

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Jijun Li1, Xiaomin Fang1•
Lanzhou University1
15 Dec 1999-Chinese Science Bulletin
TL;DR: In this article, major progress, problems, and challenges of recent investigation of the Tibetan Plateau uplift processes and resulting environmental changes are reviewed and summarized briefly, which especially covers the National Tibetan Research Projects of the Chinese Eighth (1992-1996) and Ninth (1997-2001) five-year projects.
Abstract: Major progress, problems, and challenges of recent investigation of the Tibetan Plateau uplift processes and resulting environmental changes are reviewed and summarized briefly, which especially covers the National Tibetan Research Projects of the Chinese Eighth (1992—1996) and Ninth (1997—2001) "Five-Year Projects" The Tibetan Plateau uplift is a complicated multiple cyclic process The Gangdise and Himalayas began to uplift in the Middle Eocene and Early Miocene respectively, while the main part of the Plateau merely underwent corresponding passive deformation and secular denudation, resulting in two planation surfaces The third and also the strongest uplift involved the whole Plateau and its marginal mountains commenced at 36 Ma Successive Kunlun-Huanghe movement at 11—06 Ma and Gonghe movement at 015 Ma raised the Plateau to its present height The Asian monsoonal system and Asian natural environment formed in response to these tectonic uplifts

440 citations

"Modeling on Gas Hydrate Formation C..." refers background in this paper

  • ...When entering into Holocene, although the large-scaled glaciation was finished, the whole QTP was still under gradual uplifting and its altitude rose to more than 4000 meters, of which the peculiar highness guaranteed that the whole plateau was still on the glacial margin ([26])....

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  • ...After entering into Holocene, the whole QTP arrived at the altitude of greater than 4000 meters, which in return determines the whole plateau was still on the glacial margin ([26])....

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Report•DOI•
Scientific Results from the Mallik 2002 Gas Hydrate Production Research Well Program, Mackenzie Delta, Northwest Territories, Canada

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Scott R. Dallimore1, Timothy S. Collett•
Natural Resources Canada1
01 Jul 2005
TL;DR: The results of the Mallik 2002 Gas Hydrate Production Research Well Program (MHP-2002) are described in this article, which is a joint effort of 300 scientists from Japan, Canada, Germany, the United States and India.
Abstract: This publication chronicles the results of the Mallik 2002 Gas Hydrate Production Research Well Program which is a joint effort of 300 scientists from Japan, Canada, Germany, the United States and India. As a leader in gas hydrate research, Japan has collaborated with the Geological Survey of Canada on a gas hydrate project at the Mallik site. The JAPEX/JNOC/GSC et al. Mallik 3L-38, 4L-38 and 5L-38 exploratory wells were drilled in the Mackenzie Delta on the coast of the Beaufort Sea in Canada's Northwest Territories to examine the feasibility of methane gas production from permafrost-related gas hydrate. The Mallik site is one of the world's most intensely studied gas hydrate sites. Several research projects were initiated, including coring of the gas hydrate zones, extensive geophysical and mud-gas logging, reservoir-evaluation testing, cross-well tomographic seismic studies, and vertical seismic profiling. The 63 technical research papers and accompanying databases included in this publication provide details on new research and insight on gas hydrate production testing. In addition, new studies are reported on in situ physical and geophysical properties of gas hydrate. New appraisals on the relevance of gas hydrate to energy, climate and geohazard research were also presented. This publication also includes an interactive database available as an appendix on a DVD. refs., tabs., figs.

329 citations

Journal Article•DOI•
Geocryology in China

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Tingjun Zhang, Zhou Youwu, Guo Dongxin, Qiu Guoqing, Cheng Guodong, Li Shude 
01 May 2001-Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research

284 citations

"Modeling on Gas Hydrate Formation C..." refers background in this paper

  • ..., which spans about 550 km along the Qinghai-Tibet railway (QTR) ([6]), where a series of Mesozoic-Cenozoic remnant basins such as the Kekexili basin, the Tuotuo River basin, the Qiangtang basin, the Tanggula basin....

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  • ...5×106 km2, accounting for 70% and 7% of the total permafrost in China and in the world respectively[6], is generally regarded as an important potential area for gas hydrate....

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  • ...The QTPP mainly extends from the northern slope of the Kunlun Mt. to the northward Anduo County, the southern slope of the Tanggula Mt., which spans about 550 km along the Qinghai-Tibet railway (QTR)[6], where a series of Mesozoic-Cenozoic remnant basins such as the Kekexili basin, the Tuotuo River basin, the Qiangtang basin, the Tanggula basin....

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  • ...In contrast we investigated the hydrocarbon gases from the mediums of low atmosphere, cold vent, subsurface ice, subsurface sediment in the QTPP along the QTR....

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  • ...The past investigated gas geochemical results show that there exist certain amounts of propane and normal butane in the mediums of subsurface sediment and subsurface ice besides methane and ethane in the QTPP along the QTR....

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Journal Article•DOI•
Numerical studies of gas production from several CH4 hydrate zones at the Mallik site, Mackenzie Delta, Canada

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George J. Moridis1, Timothy S. Collett2, Scott R. Dallimore3, Tohru Satoh, Steven H. Hancock4, Brian Weatherill4 •
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory1, United States Geological Survey2, Geological Survey of Canada3, Pearson Education4
01 Aug 2004-Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering
TL;DR: In this article, the analysis of various gas production scenarios from five methane hydrate-bearing zones at the Mallik site is presented, where a gas hydrate research well was drilled at the site in 1998, and numerical simulations using the EOSHYDR2 model indicated that gas production from hydrates at Mallik Site was possible by depressurizing a thin free gas zone at the base of the hydrate stability field.

219 citations

"Modeling on Gas Hydrate Formation C..." refers background in this paper

  • ...In the Mackenzie delta-Beaufort area, the structural basement is formed by highly faulted Lower Cretaceous, and a regional unconformity separates these strata from 12 to 16 km of Late Cretaceous to Holocene deltaic, shelf, slope, and deep-water deposits ([44])....

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Report•DOI•
Scientific Results from JAPEX/JNOC/GSC Mallik 2L-38 Gas Hydrate Research Well, Mackenzie Delta, Northwest Territories, Canada

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Scott R. Dallimore1, Takashi Uchida, Timothy S. Collett•
Natural Resources Canada1
01 Jan 1999

216 citations

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