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Dissertation

Modélisation du problème informationnel du veilleur dans la démarche d'Intelligence Économique

Philippe Kislin1
05 Nov 2007-
TL;DR: In this paper, a demarche collaborative de comprehension and resolution of problemes decisionnels and informationnels is presented, and notre reflexion se portera sur la modelisation des activites de recherche d'information engendrees par la demande and plus particulierement sur la deuxieme etape de cette demarce : the traduction du probleme decisionnel en probleme informationnel.
Abstract: Qu'est-ce qu'un probleme informationnel ? Comment et par qui est-il defini ? Celui-ci n'existerait jamais seul... Il s'enchâsserait dans une dynamique decisionnelle a laquelle il emprunterait une histoire, une culture et une memoire. Ainsi, pour etre en mesure de le cerner, il faudrait alors se referer a son origine, c'est-a-dire au probleme decisionnel, dont il ne serait qu'une traduction partielle, et a son geniteur, le decideur, qui est aussi son interprete. Dans le contexte de cette etude, nous porterons notre attention sur l'intelligence economique que nous definirons comme etant une demarche collaborative de comprehension et de resolution de problemes decisionnels et informationnels. Tout en considerant cette demarche, a la fois sur ses aspects informationnels et mediationnels, nous circonscrirons l'intelligence economique a travers une methodologie collective de resolution, composee de huit etapes s'etendant de l'identification d'un probleme decisionnel a la prise de decision. Nous verrons que cette demarche s'appuie, au niveau de l'entreprise, sur une harmonisation de processus et de mediations, structuree autour de deux acteurs et d'une composante : le decideur, le veilleur et l'information. Cette representation triangulaire des differentes relations entre acteurs et composante, prises deux a deux, constituera l'originalite de notre approche. En nous placant du point de vue du veilleur, acteur pivot de ce trinome decisionnel, notre reflexion se portera sur la modelisation des activites de recherche d'information engendrees par la demande et plus particulierement sur la deuxieme etape de cette demarche : la traduction du probleme decisionnel en probleme informationnel. Cette these a ete structuree de maniere a presenter la dualite de ces relations entre ces trois protagonistes. Dans ce contexte decisio-informationnel, cette problematique de traduction serait alors bien plus qu'un rapport de langue a langue : elle serait une concordance de probleme a probleme. Elle demanderait de creer une congruence entre les systemes de preferences et de pertinence de nos deux acteurs, l'interpretation de la demande informationnelle se devant etre dans cette situation, affaire de consensus et de compromis. Pour ce faire, le veilleur aura pour tâche de representer le plus fidelement possible les relations entre les donnees de l'environnement et les enjeux du probleme decisionnel afin de les traduire en indicateurs informationnels, c'est-a-dire de trouver une illustration adaptee permettant de les rendre sensibles au cœur et familiers a la raison du decideur. Ainsi, pour repondre dans les meilleures conditions de delais, qualite et couts a cette demande, nous prendrons pour hypothese qu'il faut agir sur trois processus a travers les info-, inter- et cogito- mediations des relations entre le decideur, le veilleur et l'information. Notre etat de la litterature presentera tout au long des quatre premiers chapitres les processus decider, rechercher et cooperer que nous projetterons dans chacun des espaces des problemes decisionnel et informationnel. Nous etayerons chacun de ces chapitres de propositions, tantot pour caracteriser les processus, les mediations, les acteurs et composantes, tantot pour definir des protocoles pour asseoir la collaboration des acteurs ou pour la reutilisation des informations et des connaissances. Les deux derniers chapitres seront, quant a eux, consacres a la description du modele WISP et du prototype METIORE qui l'instancie. Ils constitueront, avec les propositions des precedents chapitres, l'apport de nos travaux dans les domaines de la recherche d'information et de l'intelligence economique. Ils ont ete concus tout deux pour servir d'appui cognitif pour la resolution du probleme informationnel du veilleur et pour etre une interface de communication entre ce dernier et le decideur afin de developper les echanges au sein de la collaboration de resolution de ce, ou de ces problemes...
Citations
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Book
01 Jan 1995
TL;DR: In this article, Nonaka and Takeuchi argue that Japanese firms are successful precisely because they are innovative, because they create new knowledge and use it to produce successful products and technologies, and they reveal how Japanese companies translate tacit to explicit knowledge.
Abstract: How has Japan become a major economic power, a world leader in the automotive and electronics industries? What is the secret of their success? The consensus has been that, though the Japanese are not particularly innovative, they are exceptionally skilful at imitation, at improving products that already exist. But now two leading Japanese business experts, Ikujiro Nonaka and Hiro Takeuchi, turn this conventional wisdom on its head: Japanese firms are successful, they contend, precisely because they are innovative, because they create new knowledge and use it to produce successful products and technologies. Examining case studies drawn from such firms as Honda, Canon, Matsushita, NEC, 3M, GE, and the U.S. Marines, this book reveals how Japanese companies translate tacit to explicit knowledge and use it to produce new processes, products, and services.

7,448 citations

01 Jan 2009

7,241 citations

01 Nov 2008

2,686 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Polanyi is at pains to expunge what he believes to be the false notion contained in the contemporary view of science which treats it as an object and basically impersonal discipline.
Abstract: The Study of Man. By Michael Polanyi. Price, $1.75. Pp. 102. University of Chicago Press, 5750 Ellis Ave., Chicago 37, 1959. One subtitle to Polanyi's challenging and fascinating book might be The Evolution and Natural History of Error , for Polanyi is at pains to expunge what he believes to be the false notion contained in the contemporary view of science which treats it as an object and basically impersonal discipline. According to Polanyi not only is this a radical and important error, but it is harmful to the objectives of science itself. Another subtitle could be Farewell to Detachment , for in place of cold objectivity he develops the idea that science is necessarily intensely personal. It is a human endeavor and human point of view which cannot be divorced from nor uprooted out of the human matrix from which it arises and in which it works. For a good while

2,248 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Paul Kline1
01 Aug 1986-Nature
TL;DR: In this article, a book is one of the greatest friends to accompany while in your lonely time and when you have no friends and activities, reading book can be a great choice.
Abstract: Feel lonely? What about reading books? Book is one of the greatest friends to accompany while in your lonely time. When you have no friends and activities somewhere and sometimes, reading book can be a great choice. This is not only for spending the time, it will increase the knowledge. Of course the b=benefits to take will relate to what kind of book that you are reading. And now, we will concern you to try reading models of man as one of the reading material to finish quickly.

1,117 citations

References
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Book
01 Jan 1963

697 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article investigated the relationship between top management perceptions of uncertainty, corporate goal structures, and industry volatility in explaining economic performance in 20 firms and found that attempts to avoid true environmental uncertainty and to seek high levels of goal congruence may be dysfunctional.
Abstract: An untested proposition in the normative strategic management literature is that strategists should make decisions based on accurate assessments of their external environments. Empirical organization theory literature holds the assumption that high levels of perceived uncertainty are detrimental to performance. Both literatures assume goal consensus to be important to effectiveness. This study investigated the relationship between top management perceptions of uncertainty, corporate Goal structures, and industry volatility in explaining economic performance in 20 firms. Findings suggested that attempts to avoid true environmental uncertainty and to seek high levels of goal congruence may be dysfunctional.

693 citations

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693 citations