Dissertation•
Modélisation du problème informationnel du veilleur dans la démarche d'Intelligence Économique
05 Nov 2007-
TL;DR: In this paper, a demarche collaborative de comprehension and resolution of problemes decisionnels and informationnels is presented, and notre reflexion se portera sur la modelisation des activites de recherche d'information engendrees par la demande and plus particulierement sur la deuxieme etape de cette demarce : the traduction du probleme decisionnel en probleme informationnel.
Abstract: Qu'est-ce qu'un probleme informationnel ? Comment et par qui est-il defini ? Celui-ci n'existerait jamais seul... Il s'enchâsserait dans une dynamique decisionnelle a laquelle il emprunterait une histoire, une culture et une memoire. Ainsi, pour etre en mesure de le cerner, il faudrait alors se referer a son origine, c'est-a-dire au probleme decisionnel, dont il ne serait qu'une traduction partielle, et a son geniteur, le decideur, qui est aussi son interprete. Dans le contexte de cette etude, nous porterons notre attention sur l'intelligence economique que nous definirons comme etant une demarche collaborative de comprehension et de resolution de problemes decisionnels et informationnels. Tout en considerant cette demarche, a la fois sur ses aspects informationnels et mediationnels, nous circonscrirons l'intelligence economique a travers une methodologie collective de resolution, composee de huit etapes s'etendant de l'identification d'un probleme decisionnel a la prise de decision. Nous verrons que cette demarche s'appuie, au niveau de l'entreprise, sur une harmonisation de processus et de mediations, structuree autour de deux acteurs et d'une composante : le decideur, le veilleur et l'information. Cette representation triangulaire des differentes relations entre acteurs et composante, prises deux a deux, constituera l'originalite de notre approche. En nous placant du point de vue du veilleur, acteur pivot de ce trinome decisionnel, notre reflexion se portera sur la modelisation des activites de recherche d'information engendrees par la demande et plus particulierement sur la deuxieme etape de cette demarche : la traduction du probleme decisionnel en probleme informationnel. Cette these a ete structuree de maniere a presenter la dualite de ces relations entre ces trois protagonistes. Dans ce contexte decisio-informationnel, cette problematique de traduction serait alors bien plus qu'un rapport de langue a langue : elle serait une concordance de probleme a probleme. Elle demanderait de creer une congruence entre les systemes de preferences et de pertinence de nos deux acteurs, l'interpretation de la demande informationnelle se devant etre dans cette situation, affaire de consensus et de compromis. Pour ce faire, le veilleur aura pour tâche de representer le plus fidelement possible les relations entre les donnees de l'environnement et les enjeux du probleme decisionnel afin de les traduire en indicateurs informationnels, c'est-a-dire de trouver une illustration adaptee permettant de les rendre sensibles au cœur et familiers a la raison du decideur. Ainsi, pour repondre dans les meilleures conditions de delais, qualite et couts a cette demande, nous prendrons pour hypothese qu'il faut agir sur trois processus a travers les info-, inter- et cogito- mediations des relations entre le decideur, le veilleur et l'information. Notre etat de la litterature presentera tout au long des quatre premiers chapitres les processus decider, rechercher et cooperer que nous projetterons dans chacun des espaces des problemes decisionnel et informationnel. Nous etayerons chacun de ces chapitres de propositions, tantot pour caracteriser les processus, les mediations, les acteurs et composantes, tantot pour definir des protocoles pour asseoir la collaboration des acteurs ou pour la reutilisation des informations et des connaissances. Les deux derniers chapitres seront, quant a eux, consacres a la description du modele WISP et du prototype METIORE qui l'instancie. Ils constitueront, avec les propositions des precedents chapitres, l'apport de nos travaux dans les domaines de la recherche d'information et de l'intelligence economique. Ils ont ete concus tout deux pour servir d'appui cognitif pour la resolution du probleme informationnel du veilleur et pour etre une interface de communication entre ce dernier et le decideur afin de developper les echanges au sein de la collaboration de resolution de ce, ou de ces problemes...
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Book•
01 Jan 1995
TL;DR: In this article, Nonaka and Takeuchi argue that Japanese firms are successful precisely because they are innovative, because they create new knowledge and use it to produce successful products and technologies, and they reveal how Japanese companies translate tacit to explicit knowledge.
Abstract: How has Japan become a major economic power, a world leader in the automotive and electronics industries? What is the secret of their success? The consensus has been that, though the Japanese are not particularly innovative, they are exceptionally skilful at imitation, at improving products that already exist. But now two leading Japanese business experts, Ikujiro Nonaka and Hiro Takeuchi, turn this conventional wisdom on its head: Japanese firms are successful, they contend, precisely because they are innovative, because they create new knowledge and use it to produce successful products and technologies. Examining case studies drawn from such firms as Honda, Canon, Matsushita, NEC, 3M, GE, and the U.S. Marines, this book reveals how Japanese companies translate tacit to explicit knowledge and use it to produce new processes, products, and services.
7,448 citations
TL;DR: Polanyi is at pains to expunge what he believes to be the false notion contained in the contemporary view of science which treats it as an object and basically impersonal discipline.
Abstract: The Study of Man. By Michael Polanyi. Price, $1.75. Pp. 102. University of Chicago Press, 5750 Ellis Ave., Chicago 37, 1959. One subtitle to Polanyi's challenging and fascinating book might be The Evolution and Natural History of Error , for Polanyi is at pains to expunge what he believes to be the false notion contained in the contemporary view of science which treats it as an object and basically impersonal discipline. According to Polanyi not only is this a radical and important error, but it is harmful to the objectives of science itself. Another subtitle could be Farewell to Detachment , for in place of cold objectivity he develops the idea that science is necessarily intensely personal. It is a human endeavor and human point of view which cannot be divorced from nor uprooted out of the human matrix from which it arises and in which it works. For a good while
2,248 citations
[...]
TL;DR: In this article, a book is one of the greatest friends to accompany while in your lonely time and when you have no friends and activities, reading book can be a great choice.
Abstract: Feel lonely? What about reading books? Book is one of the greatest friends to accompany while in your lonely time. When you have no friends and activities somewhere and sometimes, reading book can be a great choice. This is not only for spending the time, it will increase the knowledge. Of course the b=benefits to take will relate to what kind of book that you are reading. And now, we will concern you to try reading models of man as one of the reading material to finish quickly.
1,117 citations
References
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01 Jan 1996
TL;DR: In this article, the MIT International Motor Vehicle Program (IMV Program) was used for the development of a self-driving car based on the MIT V2D platform, which was developed by MIT.
Abstract: Originally published in the Working paper series of the MIT International Motor Vehicle Program
623 citations
Proceedings Article•
IBM1
TL;DR: This work provides axiom systems that are sound and complete in cases where a complete axiomatization is possible, and shows that they do allow us to capture a great deal of interesting reasoning about probability.
Abstract: We consider two approaches to giving semantics to first order logics of probability. The first approach puts a probability on the domain, and is appropriate for giving semantics to formulas involving statistical information such as "The probability that a (typical) bird flies is greater than. 9." The second approach puts a probability on possible worlds, and is appropriate for giving semantics to formulas describing degrees of belief, such as "The probability that Tweety (a particular bird) flies is greater than.9." We show that the two approaches can be easily combined, allowing us to reason in a straightforward way about statistical information and degrees of belief. We then consider axiornatizing these logics. In general, it can be shown that no complete axiomatization is possible. We provide axiom systems that are sound and complete in cases where a complete axiomatization is possible, showing that they do allow us capture a great deal of interesting reasoning about probability.
603 citations
20 Apr 1993
TL;DR: A key element of the work is a novel approach to representing processes at various levels of abstraction which allows users to explicity represent the similarities (and differences) among related processes and to easily find or generate sensible alternatives for how a given process could be performed.
Abstract: The paper describes a new project intended to provide a firmer theoretical and empirical foundation for such tasks as enterprise modeling, enterprise integration, and process re-engineering. The project includes: (1) collecting examples of how different organizations perform similar processes, and (2) representing these examples in an on-line 'process handbook' which includes the relative advantages of the alternatives. The handbook is intended to help: (a) redesign existing organizational processes, (b) invent new organizational processes that take advantage of information technology, and perhaps (c) automatically generate software to support organizational processes. A key element of the work is a novel approach to representing processes at various levels of abstraction. This approach uses ideas from computer science about inheritance and from coordination theory about managing dependencies. Its primary advantage is that it allows users to explicity represent the similarities (and differences) among related processes and to easily find or generate sensible alternatives for how a given process could be performed. >
600 citations
TL;DR: The information seeking patterns of a group of research physicists and research chemists were analysed and the key features of those patterns identified and fundamental differences in information seeking behaviour could not be determined.
Abstract: The information seeking patterns of a group of research physicists and research chemists were analysed and the key features of those patterns identified. The aim was to use a similar methodology to that employed in a previous study of the information seeking activities of a group of social scientists and to effect a comparison between the information seeking patterns of the scientists and the social scientists. The information seeking patterns were derived from interviews with physicists at Manchester University and chemists at the University of Sheffield. The methodology adopted for the interviews and analysis was qualitative and based on the grounded theory approach. The results were then compared with the findings of the previous study of the social scientists to try and identify similarities and differences between the two groups. Certain minor variations concerned with awareness levels of facilities, the extent of usage of a source and the research stage at which a strategy may be employed were identified. Nonetheless, fundamental differences in information seeking behaviour could not be determined. Finally, the extent to which developments in electronic communication have had any impact on the information or communication patterns of the scientists and social scientists is considered.
571 citations