Dissertation•
Modélisation du problème informationnel du veilleur dans la démarche d'Intelligence Économique
05 Nov 2007-
TL;DR: In this paper, a demarche collaborative de comprehension and resolution of problemes decisionnels and informationnels is presented, and notre reflexion se portera sur la modelisation des activites de recherche d'information engendrees par la demande and plus particulierement sur la deuxieme etape de cette demarce : the traduction du probleme decisionnel en probleme informationnel.
Abstract: Qu'est-ce qu'un probleme informationnel ? Comment et par qui est-il defini ? Celui-ci n'existerait jamais seul... Il s'enchâsserait dans une dynamique decisionnelle a laquelle il emprunterait une histoire, une culture et une memoire. Ainsi, pour etre en mesure de le cerner, il faudrait alors se referer a son origine, c'est-a-dire au probleme decisionnel, dont il ne serait qu'une traduction partielle, et a son geniteur, le decideur, qui est aussi son interprete. Dans le contexte de cette etude, nous porterons notre attention sur l'intelligence economique que nous definirons comme etant une demarche collaborative de comprehension et de resolution de problemes decisionnels et informationnels. Tout en considerant cette demarche, a la fois sur ses aspects informationnels et mediationnels, nous circonscrirons l'intelligence economique a travers une methodologie collective de resolution, composee de huit etapes s'etendant de l'identification d'un probleme decisionnel a la prise de decision. Nous verrons que cette demarche s'appuie, au niveau de l'entreprise, sur une harmonisation de processus et de mediations, structuree autour de deux acteurs et d'une composante : le decideur, le veilleur et l'information. Cette representation triangulaire des differentes relations entre acteurs et composante, prises deux a deux, constituera l'originalite de notre approche. En nous placant du point de vue du veilleur, acteur pivot de ce trinome decisionnel, notre reflexion se portera sur la modelisation des activites de recherche d'information engendrees par la demande et plus particulierement sur la deuxieme etape de cette demarche : la traduction du probleme decisionnel en probleme informationnel. Cette these a ete structuree de maniere a presenter la dualite de ces relations entre ces trois protagonistes. Dans ce contexte decisio-informationnel, cette problematique de traduction serait alors bien plus qu'un rapport de langue a langue : elle serait une concordance de probleme a probleme. Elle demanderait de creer une congruence entre les systemes de preferences et de pertinence de nos deux acteurs, l'interpretation de la demande informationnelle se devant etre dans cette situation, affaire de consensus et de compromis. Pour ce faire, le veilleur aura pour tâche de representer le plus fidelement possible les relations entre les donnees de l'environnement et les enjeux du probleme decisionnel afin de les traduire en indicateurs informationnels, c'est-a-dire de trouver une illustration adaptee permettant de les rendre sensibles au cœur et familiers a la raison du decideur. Ainsi, pour repondre dans les meilleures conditions de delais, qualite et couts a cette demande, nous prendrons pour hypothese qu'il faut agir sur trois processus a travers les info-, inter- et cogito- mediations des relations entre le decideur, le veilleur et l'information. Notre etat de la litterature presentera tout au long des quatre premiers chapitres les processus decider, rechercher et cooperer que nous projetterons dans chacun des espaces des problemes decisionnel et informationnel. Nous etayerons chacun de ces chapitres de propositions, tantot pour caracteriser les processus, les mediations, les acteurs et composantes, tantot pour definir des protocoles pour asseoir la collaboration des acteurs ou pour la reutilisation des informations et des connaissances. Les deux derniers chapitres seront, quant a eux, consacres a la description du modele WISP et du prototype METIORE qui l'instancie. Ils constitueront, avec les propositions des precedents chapitres, l'apport de nos travaux dans les domaines de la recherche d'information et de l'intelligence economique. Ils ont ete concus tout deux pour servir d'appui cognitif pour la resolution du probleme informationnel du veilleur et pour etre une interface de communication entre ce dernier et le decideur afin de developper les echanges au sein de la collaboration de resolution de ce, ou de ces problemes...
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Book•
01 Jan 1995
TL;DR: In this article, Nonaka and Takeuchi argue that Japanese firms are successful precisely because they are innovative, because they create new knowledge and use it to produce successful products and technologies, and they reveal how Japanese companies translate tacit to explicit knowledge.
Abstract: How has Japan become a major economic power, a world leader in the automotive and electronics industries? What is the secret of their success? The consensus has been that, though the Japanese are not particularly innovative, they are exceptionally skilful at imitation, at improving products that already exist. But now two leading Japanese business experts, Ikujiro Nonaka and Hiro Takeuchi, turn this conventional wisdom on its head: Japanese firms are successful, they contend, precisely because they are innovative, because they create new knowledge and use it to produce successful products and technologies. Examining case studies drawn from such firms as Honda, Canon, Matsushita, NEC, 3M, GE, and the U.S. Marines, this book reveals how Japanese companies translate tacit to explicit knowledge and use it to produce new processes, products, and services.
7,448 citations
TL;DR: Polanyi is at pains to expunge what he believes to be the false notion contained in the contemporary view of science which treats it as an object and basically impersonal discipline.
Abstract: The Study of Man. By Michael Polanyi. Price, $1.75. Pp. 102. University of Chicago Press, 5750 Ellis Ave., Chicago 37, 1959. One subtitle to Polanyi's challenging and fascinating book might be The Evolution and Natural History of Error , for Polanyi is at pains to expunge what he believes to be the false notion contained in the contemporary view of science which treats it as an object and basically impersonal discipline. According to Polanyi not only is this a radical and important error, but it is harmful to the objectives of science itself. Another subtitle could be Farewell to Detachment , for in place of cold objectivity he develops the idea that science is necessarily intensely personal. It is a human endeavor and human point of view which cannot be divorced from nor uprooted out of the human matrix from which it arises and in which it works. For a good while
2,248 citations
[...]
TL;DR: In this article, a book is one of the greatest friends to accompany while in your lonely time and when you have no friends and activities, reading book can be a great choice.
Abstract: Feel lonely? What about reading books? Book is one of the greatest friends to accompany while in your lonely time. When you have no friends and activities somewhere and sometimes, reading book can be a great choice. This is not only for spending the time, it will increase the knowledge. Of course the b=benefits to take will relate to what kind of book that you are reading. And now, we will concern you to try reading models of man as one of the reading material to finish quickly.
1,117 citations
References
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[...]
TL;DR: This work describes a framework of metadata creation when web pages are generated from a database and the database owner is cooperatively participating in the Semantic Web, and refers to the framework as deep annotation 1.
Abstract: The success of the Semantic Web crucially depends on the easy creation, integration and use of semantic data. For this purpose, we consider an integration scenario that defies core assumptions of current metadata construction methods. We describe a framework of metadata creation when web pages are generated from a database and the database owner is cooperatively participating in the Semantic Web. This leads us to the definition of ontology mapping rules by manual semantic annotation and the usage of the mapping rules and of web services for semantic queries. In order to create metadata, the framework combines the presentation layer with the data description layer -- in contrast to "conventional" annotation, which remains at the presentation layer. Therefore, we refer to the framework as deep annotation 1.We consider deep annotation as particularly valid because, (i), web pages generated from databases outnumber static web pages, (ii), annotation of web pages may be a very intuitive way to create semantic data from a database and, (iii), data from databases should not be materialized as RDF files, it should remain where it can be handled most efficiently -- in its databases.
160 citations
Book•
01 Sep 1995
TL;DR: The ability to learn faster than your competition is the only sustainable competitive advantage! as mentioned in this paper presents a compilation of 34 powerful essays, written by experts recognized worldwide, rich in concept and theory as well as in application and example.
Abstract: The ability to learn faster than your competition is your only sustainable competitive advantage! This compilation of 34 powerful essays, written by experts recognized worldwide, is rich in concept and theory as well as in application and example. An inspiring follow-up to Peter Senge's Fifth Discipline, these essays are grouped in four sections that address all aspects of learning organizations: the guiding ideas behind systems thinking; the theories, methods, and processes for creating a learning organization; the infrastructure of the learning model; and arenas of practice. The authors move you from thinking in parts to thinking systematically, from absolute truths to coherent interpretations, from problem solving to creating, and from self to community. Whether you are a marketing executive, personnel officer, secretary, strategic planner, plant manager or line supervisor, this collection will forever change your mind about work as a place to learn, create, and have fun - not just a place where you go to 'make a living.'
156 citations
Book•
11 Mar 2008
TL;DR: The Natural Step framework as mentioned in this paper was developed by a Swedish karate champion, family man, and cancer scientist who was at the centre of developing a systems approach to life on Earth that could revolutionise the way humans operate in the world.
Abstract: It may be unlikely that a Swedish karate champion, family man, and cancer scientist could be at the centre of developing a systems approach to life on Earth that could revolutionise the way humans operate in the world, but this is the story of just that: the idea, and the man behind it. As a cancer specialist, Karl-Henrik Robert faced a stream of parents who would sacrifice anything to save their children. Yet that same selflessness did not seem to extend to saving the environment. For debate on how to achieve sustainability was divided, with no agreement on universal principles. But Robert's experience convinced him that consensus on how to meet the most basic requirements of life should be possible. Thus began a long process of consultation among scientists and others that eventually led to the definition of four system conditions essential for the maintenance of life on Earth: conditions that have now been agreed upon world-wide and encapsulated as The Natural Step framework. Dramatic, visionary and inspiring, this book will appeal to all with a passion for sustainability including business leaders, academics, journalists, activists, and students.
156 citations
09 Oct 2000
TL;DR: The paper discusses questions about the co-existence of operational and navigational aspects of hypermedia, and provides a contribution toward possible solutions, based upon the W2000 design framework.
Abstract: E-commerce, web-based booking systems, and on-line auction systems are only a few examples that demonstrate how web sites are evolving from essentially read-only information repositories to distributed applications. These new web applications blend navigation and browsing capabilities, common to hypermedia, with "classical" operations (or transactions), common to traditional information systems. The coupling between hypermedia and operational features raises a number of novel modeling issues. Conceptual modeling for web applications is not just the union of two activities performed in isolation - designing the operations and designing the hypermedia aspects. Rather, modeling the integration (and interference) of the two facets of design (hypermedia and operations) is the issue. The co-existence of operational and navigational aspects poses several new problems to designers: For example, how do information structures and navigation support operations? How do operations affect information structures and navigation? How do operations and navigation interplay? How are user tasks related to both navigation and operations? The paper discusses these and other questions, and provides a contribution toward possible solutions, based upon the W2000 design framework.
155 citations
TL;DR: Four new types of browsers are described, which have been implemented in the Xerox NoteCards hypertext system, which support the process of pursuing and returning from digressions and facilitate the integration of diverse sets of materials that have been browsed.
Abstract: A drawback of browsing through nonlinear electronic documents is the accompanying sense of disorientation often reported by users. It is difficult to ascertain the layout of the document network so people often lose their place or forget to follow up on tasks they meant to complete, while wondering if they are missing anything relevant to their interests. This article critiques existing approaches to computerized support for browsing and describes four new types of browsers, which have been implemented in the Xerox NoteCards hypertext system. These browsers support the process of pursuing and returning from digressions and facilitate the integration of diverse sets of materials that have been browsed.
154 citations