Dissertation•
Modélisation du problème informationnel du veilleur dans la démarche d'Intelligence Économique
05 Nov 2007-
TL;DR: In this paper, a demarche collaborative de comprehension and resolution of problemes decisionnels and informationnels is presented, and notre reflexion se portera sur la modelisation des activites de recherche d'information engendrees par la demande and plus particulierement sur la deuxieme etape de cette demarce : the traduction du probleme decisionnel en probleme informationnel.
Abstract: Qu'est-ce qu'un probleme informationnel ? Comment et par qui est-il defini ? Celui-ci n'existerait jamais seul... Il s'enchâsserait dans une dynamique decisionnelle a laquelle il emprunterait une histoire, une culture et une memoire. Ainsi, pour etre en mesure de le cerner, il faudrait alors se referer a son origine, c'est-a-dire au probleme decisionnel, dont il ne serait qu'une traduction partielle, et a son geniteur, le decideur, qui est aussi son interprete. Dans le contexte de cette etude, nous porterons notre attention sur l'intelligence economique que nous definirons comme etant une demarche collaborative de comprehension et de resolution de problemes decisionnels et informationnels. Tout en considerant cette demarche, a la fois sur ses aspects informationnels et mediationnels, nous circonscrirons l'intelligence economique a travers une methodologie collective de resolution, composee de huit etapes s'etendant de l'identification d'un probleme decisionnel a la prise de decision. Nous verrons que cette demarche s'appuie, au niveau de l'entreprise, sur une harmonisation de processus et de mediations, structuree autour de deux acteurs et d'une composante : le decideur, le veilleur et l'information. Cette representation triangulaire des differentes relations entre acteurs et composante, prises deux a deux, constituera l'originalite de notre approche. En nous placant du point de vue du veilleur, acteur pivot de ce trinome decisionnel, notre reflexion se portera sur la modelisation des activites de recherche d'information engendrees par la demande et plus particulierement sur la deuxieme etape de cette demarche : la traduction du probleme decisionnel en probleme informationnel. Cette these a ete structuree de maniere a presenter la dualite de ces relations entre ces trois protagonistes. Dans ce contexte decisio-informationnel, cette problematique de traduction serait alors bien plus qu'un rapport de langue a langue : elle serait une concordance de probleme a probleme. Elle demanderait de creer une congruence entre les systemes de preferences et de pertinence de nos deux acteurs, l'interpretation de la demande informationnelle se devant etre dans cette situation, affaire de consensus et de compromis. Pour ce faire, le veilleur aura pour tâche de representer le plus fidelement possible les relations entre les donnees de l'environnement et les enjeux du probleme decisionnel afin de les traduire en indicateurs informationnels, c'est-a-dire de trouver une illustration adaptee permettant de les rendre sensibles au cœur et familiers a la raison du decideur. Ainsi, pour repondre dans les meilleures conditions de delais, qualite et couts a cette demande, nous prendrons pour hypothese qu'il faut agir sur trois processus a travers les info-, inter- et cogito- mediations des relations entre le decideur, le veilleur et l'information. Notre etat de la litterature presentera tout au long des quatre premiers chapitres les processus decider, rechercher et cooperer que nous projetterons dans chacun des espaces des problemes decisionnel et informationnel. Nous etayerons chacun de ces chapitres de propositions, tantot pour caracteriser les processus, les mediations, les acteurs et composantes, tantot pour definir des protocoles pour asseoir la collaboration des acteurs ou pour la reutilisation des informations et des connaissances. Les deux derniers chapitres seront, quant a eux, consacres a la description du modele WISP et du prototype METIORE qui l'instancie. Ils constitueront, avec les propositions des precedents chapitres, l'apport de nos travaux dans les domaines de la recherche d'information et de l'intelligence economique. Ils ont ete concus tout deux pour servir d'appui cognitif pour la resolution du probleme informationnel du veilleur et pour etre une interface de communication entre ce dernier et le decideur afin de developper les echanges au sein de la collaboration de resolution de ce, ou de ces problemes...
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Book•
01 Jan 1995
TL;DR: In this article, Nonaka and Takeuchi argue that Japanese firms are successful precisely because they are innovative, because they create new knowledge and use it to produce successful products and technologies, and they reveal how Japanese companies translate tacit to explicit knowledge.
Abstract: How has Japan become a major economic power, a world leader in the automotive and electronics industries? What is the secret of their success? The consensus has been that, though the Japanese are not particularly innovative, they are exceptionally skilful at imitation, at improving products that already exist. But now two leading Japanese business experts, Ikujiro Nonaka and Hiro Takeuchi, turn this conventional wisdom on its head: Japanese firms are successful, they contend, precisely because they are innovative, because they create new knowledge and use it to produce successful products and technologies. Examining case studies drawn from such firms as Honda, Canon, Matsushita, NEC, 3M, GE, and the U.S. Marines, this book reveals how Japanese companies translate tacit to explicit knowledge and use it to produce new processes, products, and services.
7,448 citations
TL;DR: Polanyi is at pains to expunge what he believes to be the false notion contained in the contemporary view of science which treats it as an object and basically impersonal discipline.
Abstract: The Study of Man. By Michael Polanyi. Price, $1.75. Pp. 102. University of Chicago Press, 5750 Ellis Ave., Chicago 37, 1959. One subtitle to Polanyi's challenging and fascinating book might be The Evolution and Natural History of Error , for Polanyi is at pains to expunge what he believes to be the false notion contained in the contemporary view of science which treats it as an object and basically impersonal discipline. According to Polanyi not only is this a radical and important error, but it is harmful to the objectives of science itself. Another subtitle could be Farewell to Detachment , for in place of cold objectivity he develops the idea that science is necessarily intensely personal. It is a human endeavor and human point of view which cannot be divorced from nor uprooted out of the human matrix from which it arises and in which it works. For a good while
2,248 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a book is one of the greatest friends to accompany while in your lonely time and when you have no friends and activities, reading book can be a great choice.
Abstract: Feel lonely? What about reading books? Book is one of the greatest friends to accompany while in your lonely time. When you have no friends and activities somewhere and sometimes, reading book can be a great choice. This is not only for spending the time, it will increase the knowledge. Of course the b=benefits to take will relate to what kind of book that you are reading. And now, we will concern you to try reading models of man as one of the reading material to finish quickly.
1,117 citations
References
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TL;DR: Sir Walter Bodmer shares his perspective regarding the principles of successful scientific management from his experience in leading the Imperial Cancer Research Fund (ICRF) as well as his being in the forefront of science.
Abstract: coupled with general fiscal difficulties are hindering realization of knowledge and benefit to society. The solution requires more than the corporate mold of The increasing politicization of the support of science has awakened many a scientist to the risks and realities of survival as an investigator and to the threats to the future of science. Effective management and wise leadership of the scientific enterprise are necessary solutions to the dilemma. Sir Walter Bodmer shares his perspective regarding the principles of successful scientific management from his experience in leading the Imperial Cancer Research Fund (ICRF) as well as his being in the forefront of science. Yes! Management is necessary. But to be effective it must not displace leadership or the recognition and pursuit of excellence. It must be nonintrusive. Naive management imperatives in management. It must encompass a variety of actions based in the fundamental principle that management supports the optimal conduct of science. Dr. Bodmer guides us through these principles with clarity, experience, and vision. The principles of excellence, balance, and strategic insight have each been key ingredients in the success of the ICRF and are applicable at large.
4,074 citations
TL;DR: Using this framework, IS managers were able to better understand and meet their data consumers' data quality needs and this research provides a basis for future studies that measure data quality along the dimensions of this framework.
Abstract: Poor data quality (DQ) can have substantial social and economic impacts. Although firms are improving data quality with practical approaches and tools, their improvement efforts tend to focus narrowly on accuracy. We believe that data consumers have a much broader data quality conceptualization than IS professionals realize. The purpose of this paper is to develop a framework that captures the aspects of data quality that are important to data consumers.A two-stage survey and a two-phase sorting study were conducted to develop a hierarchical framework for organizing data quality dimensions. This framework captures dimensions of data quality that are important to data consumers. Intrinsic DQ denotes that data have quality in their own right. Contextual DQ highlights the requirement that data quality must be considered within the context of the task at hand. Representational DQ and accessibility DQ emphasize the importance of the role of systems. These findings are consistent with our understanding that high-quality data should be intrinsically good, contextually appropriate for the task, clearly represented, and accessible to the data consumer.Our framework has been used effectively in industry and government. Using this framework, IS managers were able to better understand and meet their data consumers' data quality needs. The salient feature of this research study is that quality attributes of data are collected from data consumers instead of being defined theoretically or based on researchers' experience. Although exploratory, this research provides a basis for future studies that measure data quality along the dimensions of this framework.
4,069 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1998TL;DR: In this article, a conceptual framework for the neurobiological analysis of affect is presented, based on the concepts of affective neuroscience and affective operating systems, and subjectivity.
Abstract: PART I: CONCEPTUAL BACKGROUND 1. Affective neuroscience: history and major concepts 2. Emotional operating systems and subjectivity: methodological problems and a conceptual framework for the neurobiological analysis of affect 3. The varieties of emotional systems in the brain: theories, taxonomies, and semantics 4. Neurostatistics: the anatomy of the brain/mind 5. Neurodynamics: the electrical languages of the brain 6. Neurodynamics: neurochemical maps of the brain PART II: BASIC EMOTIONAL AND MOTIVATIONAL PROCESSES 7. Sleep, arousal, and mythmaking in the brain 8. SEEKING systems and anticipatory states of the nervous system 9. Energy is delight: the pleasures and pains of brain regulatory systems 10. Nature red in tooth and claw: the neurobiological sources of rage and anger 11. The sources of fear and anxiety in the brain PART III: THE SOCIAL EMOTIONS 12. The varieties of love and lust: neural control of sexuality 13. Love and the social bond: sources of nurturance and maternal behaviour 14. Loneliness and the social bond: the brain sources of sorrow and grief 15. Rough-and-tumble play: the brain sources of joy 16. Emotions, the higher cerebral processes and the SELF: some are born to sweet delight, some are born to endless night Appendix A: Bones, brains, and human origins Appendix B: Brain, language, and affective neuroscience Appendix C: Dualism and the neurosciences
4,032 citations
3,798 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored the shortcomings of intuitive psychologists and the sources of bias in their attempts at understanding, predicting, and controlling the events that unfold around them, and explored the logical or rational schemata employed by intuitive psychologists.
Abstract: Publisher Summary Attribution theory is concerned with the attempts of ordinary people to understand the causes and implications of the events they witness. It deals with the “naive psychology” of the “man in the street” as he interprets his own behaviors and the actions of others. For man—in the perspective of attribution theory—is an intuitive psychologist who seeks to explain behavior and draw inferences about actors and their environments. To better understand the perceptions and actions of this intuitive scientist, his methods must be explored. The sources of oversight, error, or bias in his assumptions and procedures may have serious consequences, both for the lay psychologist himself and for the society that he builds and perpetuates. These shortcomings, explored from the vantage point of contemporary attribution theory, are the focus of the chapter. The logical or rational schemata employed by intuitive psychologists and the sources of bias in their attempts at understanding, predicting, and controlling the events that unfold around them are considered. Attributional biases in the psychology of prediction, perseverance of social inferences and social theories, and the intuitive psychologist's illusions and insights are described.
3,733 citations