Modelling fish spatial dynamics and local density-dependence relationships: detection of patterns at a global scale
TL;DR: In this article, a model is used to explore whether local density-dependent recruitment relationships can be observed when considering a larger scale, where a virtual population of spawners is tracked within an artificial environment composed of cells.
About: This article is published in Aquatic Living Resources.The article was published on 1998-09-01 and is currently open access. It has received 11 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Population.
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TL;DR: This work considers modelling and other applications, including the role of nearest neighbourhood in experimental design, the representation of connectivity in maps, and a new method for performing field surveys using hexagonal grids, which was demonstrated on montane heath vegetation.
385 citations
Book•
01 Jan 2002
TL;DR: The Human Dimension of Fisheries Science: (P. J. Reynolds, N. Dulvy And C. Roberts) uncovers the human dimension of fisheries science as well as the science and management of fisheries, and some of the aspects of management and ecology that have changed over time.
Abstract: Volume 1: Fish Biology. 1. Banishing Ignorance: Underpinning Fisheries with Basic Biology (P. J. B. Hart and J. D. Reynolds). 2. Phylogeny and Systematics of Fishes (A. C. Gill and R.D. Mooi). 3. Historical Biogeography of Fishes (R. D. Mooi and A. C. Gill). 4. The Physiology of Living in Water (O. Brix). 5. Environmental Factors and Rates of Development and Growth (M. Jobling). 6. Recruitment: Understanding Density--dependence in Fish Populations (R. A. Myers). 7. Life Histories of Fish (J. A. Hutchings). 8. Migration (J. Metcalfe, G. Arnold and R. McDowall). 9. Genetics of Fish Populations (R. D. Ward). 10. Behavioural Ecology of Reproduction in Fish (E. Forsgren, J. D. Reynolds and A. Berglund). 11. Fish Foraging and Habitat Choice: A Theoretical Perspective (G. G. Mittelbach). 12. Feeding Ecology of Piscivorous Fishes (F. Juanes, J. A. Buckel and F. S. Scharf). 13. Fish as Prey (J. Krause, E. M. A. Hensor and G. D. Ruxton). 14. Trophic Ecology and the Structure of Marine Food Webs (N. V.C. Polunin and J.K. Pinnegar). 15. Community Ecology of Freshwater Fishes (L. Persson). 16. Comparative Ecology of Marine Fish Communities (K. Martha M. Jones, D. G. Fitzgerald and P. F. Sale). 17. Interactions Between Fish, Parasites and Disease (I. Barber and R. Poulin). Volume 2: Fisheries. 1. The Human Dimension Of Fisheries Science: (P. J. B. Hart And J. D. Reynolds). 2. Fish Capture Devices In Industrial And Artisanal Fisheries And Their Influence On Management (O. A. Misund, J. Kolding and P. Freon). 3. Marketing Fish (J. A. Young And J. F. Muir). 4. A History Of Fisheries And Their Science And Management (T. D. Smith). 5. Gathering Data For Resource Monitoring And Fisheries Management (D. Evans and R. Grainger). 6. Surplus Production Models (J. T. Schnute And L. Richards). 7. Dynamic Pool Models I: Interpreting The Past Using Virtual Population Analysis (J. G. Shepherd And J. G. Pope). 8. Dynamic Pool Models II: Short--Term And Long--Term Forecasts Of Catch And Biomass (J. G. Shepherd And J. G. Pope). 9. A Bumpy Old Road: Size--Based Methods In Fisheries Assessment (T. J. Pitcher). 10. Ecosystem Models (D. Pauly And V. Christensen). 11. Individual--Based Models (G. Huse, J. Giske And A. G. V. Salvanes). 12. The Economics Of Fisheries (R. Hannesson). 13. Choosing The Best Model For Fisheries Assessment (P. Sparre And P. J. B. Hart). 14. Marine Protected Areas, Fish And Fisheries (N. V. C. Polunin). 15. Exploitation And Other Threats To Fish Conservation (J. D. Reynolds, N. K. Dulvy And C. M. Roberts). 16. Ecosystem Effects Of Fishing (M. J. Kaiser And S. Jennings). 17. Recreational Fishing (I. G. Cowx)
244 citations
TL;DR: This work presents the individual-based model Piscator, which describes a multi-species fish community and demonstrates techniques to deal with the inherent complexity of such a model, and proposes a novel procedure for calibration and analysis, in which the complexity of the model is increased step-by-step.
47 citations
TL;DR: Two individual-based models for the movement of elvers in the French river ‘Adour’ are built and a set of stochastic differential equations and a partial differential equation for the elvers’ density are rigorously obtained.
25 citations
References
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TL;DR: It is shown that migration can strongly buffer host and parasitoid densities, but if migration rates themselves are high or too strongly density-dependent, persistence may not occur; environmental variability, model stability, and migration rate have qualitative effects on host density and variability.
Abstract: Many populations of insects are thought to be limited by the action of natural enemies, but controversy has surrounded the basic dynamic framework of such systems. Two different views, equilibrium and "spreading of risk," have arisen, and they differ radically in their emphasis on the roles of environmental variability, spatial subdivision, and migration. A class of hybrid host-parasitoid models is presented, which incorporates elements of both theories, and its persistence behavior is compared with predictions of these theories. Local-stability analysis is used to explore the behavior of the model in an equilibrium setting, in the absence of environmental variability. Spatial subdivision and migration have no effect (or a detrimental one) on the stability of a collection of host-parasitoid subpopulations; they therefore have no effect on persistence in an equilibrium setting. Persistence is also shown to be unlikely in the absence of density-dependent coupling between the host and parasitoid, despite env...
202 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that the detection of density-dependent processes is a function of study spatial scale, so that appropriately scaled studies commonly reveal density dependence, while inappropriately scaled studies do not.
Abstract: Regulation of populations by density-dependent mechanisms is one of the basic tenets of theory in population biology. Yet, it has been argued that population studies rarely reveal density dependence. We show that the detection of density-dependent processes is a function of study spatial scale, so that appropriately scaled studies commonly reveal density dependence, while inappropriately scaled studies do not. The detection of density dependence and the potential for spatial structure in population density were examined in 79 insect population studies. The potential for spatial structure within the study area was estimated from population movement relative to the area over which density was measured. Relative movement was classified as 'high' (and potential for spatial population structure 'low') if more than 10% of the population moved across the boundary of this area each generation. Analyses were stage-based, addressing the prevalence of density-dependent processes, rather than population regulation. In mobile stages (small and large instars and adults), density dependence was found in 69-73% of studies with low potential spatial structure ('high' relative population movement), and in 23-35% of studies with high potential structure ('low' movement). In immobile stages (eggs and pupae), density dependence was rarely detected in studies larger than 0.1 hectare (7-16%), but often detected in smaller-scale studies (65-69%). One-third of studies reporting both density relationships and 'key factors' (sources of mortality that are most correlated with population fluctuation) found the key factor to be directly density-dependent. Density-dependent growth was detected in at least one stage in 74-76% of studies that tested for density relationships. Study length (in generations) was not related to the frequency of detection of density dependence in studies with low potential spatial structure in population density. This result calls into question the need for long-term studies to detect density relationships. The detection of population regulation may be hampered by scale effects similar to those demonstrated here.
185 citations
180 citations
TL;DR: Seven suggestions are made for analysing the role of disease in population regulation in mammals through the mechanistic paradigm which searches for relationships between birth, death and movement rates, and the mechanisms controlling populations, such as disease, predation, food shortage and territoriality.
Abstract: No population increases without limit and ecologists have utilised two paradigms to find out why. The density-dependent paradigm assumes that birth, death and movement rates will be related to population density. In many cases they are not, and the search for density dependence has become a holy grail. A better approach is through the mechanistic paradigm which searches for relationships between birth, death and movement rates, and the mechanisms controlling populations, such as disease, predation, food shortage and territoriality. Seven suggestions are made for analysing the role of disease in population regulation in mammals. Useful progress will flow more quickly from the mechanistic paradigm without the need to search for density dependence.
164 citations
TL;DR: Year-class success of both Atlantic cod and haddock stocks in the northwest Atlantic exhibits large-scale coherence and low-frequency variability with apparent periodicities of 10–20 yr.
Abstract: Year-class success of both Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) stocks in the northwest Atlantic exhibits large-scale coherence and low-frequency variability with appa...
121 citations