DOI•
Modelling Household Water Demand in Europe - Insights from a Cross-Country Econometric Analysis of EU-28 countries
01 Jan 2015-
TL;DR: Modelování poptávky po vodě nabralo na významu spolu s rostoucí potřebou lépe rozumět tržním a netržnem užitím vody kvůli evaluaci realokace, investičních benefitů a jiných opatření.
Abstract: Modelování poptávky po vodě nabralo na významu spolu s rostoucí potřebou lépe rozumět tržním a netržním užitím vody kvůli evaluaci realokace, investičních benefitů a jiných opatření. V Evropě je podle článku 9 Rámcové směrnice o vodě vyžadována implementace takového zpoplatnění vody, které zvýší efektivnost jejího užívání. Cenové nástroje jsou Evropskou komisí (2012) zdůrazňovány jako účinné prostředky k motivaci odběratelů, které kombinují environmentální a ekonomické benefity a zároveň podporují inovace. Nicméně, jakákoliv změna cen vody vyvolá změnu chování domácností a může mít negativní dopad na dostupnost vody pro nízkopříjmové skupiny obyvatelstva. Ekonomické modely jsou důležité pro pochopení, jak může poptávka domácností po vodě reagovat na změnu cen vody. Ekonomové vytvořili velké množství modelů pro odhad poptávky po pitné vodě ze strany domácností. Přestože odhady poptávky byly provedeny v mnoha zemích po celém světě, poznání v Evropě je stále neúplné. Konstrukce poptávek po pitné vodě jsou v Evropě dostupné pro několik zemí, ale poslední studie Evropské agentury pro životní prostředí zdůraznila, že většina studií vznikla před 10 nebo 20 lety.
Citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a survey indicates the international evidence on using increasing block tariffs (IBTs) to conserve water is mixed, highlighting the operational challenges of implementing effective IBTs, and an alternative approach that may side-step affordability concerns are non-price conservation interventions.
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27 citations
Cites background from "Modelling Household Water Demand in..."
...The few available price elasticity estimates range from −.177 to −.286 in Gardner (2010) and − .181 to −.276 in Reynaud (2015), both of which are below the international mean of −.379 (Gardner 2010).30 These estimates suggest the scope for water tariffs to reduce demand in the UK is currently less…...
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...Reynaud (2015) obtains estimates using panel data from 16 water companies between 2002 and 2009....
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References
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TL;DR: In this paper, the main contributions to the literature on residential water demand estimation are reviewed, with particular attention to variables, specification model, data set, and most common econometric problems.
Abstract: This paper surveys the main issues in the literature on residential water demand Several tariff types and their objectives are analyzed Then, the main contributions to the literature on residential water demand estimation are reviewed, with particular attention to variables, specification model, data set, and the most common econometric problems The paper concludes with comments on future trends and a summary of the contents of the study
708 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a meta-analysis is used to determine if there are factors that systematically affect price elasticity estimates in studies of residential water demand in the United States, and an econometric model is estimated, using price estimates from previous studies as the dependent variable.
Abstract: Meta-analysis is used to determine if there are factors that systematically affect price elasticity estimates in studies of residential water demand in the United States. An econometric model is estimated, using price elasticity estimates from previous studies as the dependent variable. Explanatory variables include functional form, cross-sectional versus time series, water price specification, rate structure, location, season, and estimation technique. Inclusion of income, rainfall, and evapotranspiration are all found to influence the estimate of the price elasticity. Population density, household size, and temperature do not significantly influence the estimate of the price elasticity. Pricing structure and season are also found to significantly influence the estimate of the price elasticity.
496 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the social, attitudinal and behavioural composition of water saving activities using a sample of 1600 households from Devon and examined the links between water saving, energy conservation, green consumerism and waste management in and around the home.
359 citations
"Modelling Household Water Demand in..." refers background in this paper
...Gilg and Barr (2006) has also focused on attitudinal factors that determine water consumption behaviour (in particular on environmental preferences, intrinsic motivations and social norms)....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the influence of certain demographic, behavioural and housing factors on residential water consumption using descriptive statistics and a regression analysis, finding that income, housing type, members per household, the presence of outdoor uses (garden and swimming pool), the kind of species planted in the garden and consumer behaviour towards conservation practices play a significant role in explaining variations in water consumption.
Abstract: This paper is concerned with the relationships between urbanisation and residential water consumption, taking as a case study the Metropolitan Region of Barcelona. More precisely, it investigates the influence of certain demographic, behavioural and housing factors on this consumption using descriptive statistics and a regression analysis. The data are derived from a sample of 532 households in 22 municipalities of the study area. Results show that income, housing type, members per household, the presence of outdoor uses (garden and swimming pool), the kind of species planted in the garden and consumer behaviour towards conservation practices play a significant role in explaining variations in water consumption. It is concluded that, along with prices and incomes, further research is needed on other demographic and housing variables in order to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the determinants of domestic water consumption in areas periodically affected by water stress.
325 citations
"Modelling Household Water Demand in..." refers background in this paper
...The Spanish study by Domene and Saurí (2006) is one of the very few to examine the influence of attitudinal variables on household water consumption, and it finds a significant association....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed the impact of several economic, environmental and social determinants for the per capita demand for water in about 600 water supply areas in Germany and found that household size and the share of wells have a negative impact on per capita water demand and water use increases with age.
313 citations
"Modelling Household Water Demand in..." refers background in this paper
...In contrast, almost all sewage companies in Germany are public, since German water law considers the treatment of waste water to be a sovereign task (Schleich and Hillenbrand 2009)....
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...From 1991 to 2004 it has decreased by about 13% to reach approximatively 45 m3 per capita and per year (Schleich and Hillenbrand 2009)....
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...This group of countries includes some Eastern European countries where both household (8)An explanation of the negative relationship between per capita water consumption and household size proposed by Schleich and Hillenbrand (2009) is that several water uses such as washing, gardening or even cooking tend to increase less than proportionally to the household size....
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