Modelling non-invasive brain stimulation in cognitive neuroscience.
TL;DR: The mutual interactions between NIBS and brain activity are described and an updated and precise perspective on the theoretical frameworks of NIBS are provided and their impact on cognitive neuroscience is provided.
About: This article is published in Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews.The article was published on 2013-09-01 and is currently open access. It has received 444 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Brain stimulation & Cognitive neuroscience.
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3,248 citations
The Catholic University of America1, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital2, University of Toronto3, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health4, Università Campus Bio-Medico5, University of Eastern Finland6, Monash University7, Medical University of South Carolina8, Paris 12 Val de Marne University9, University of Regensburg10, University of Brescia11, University of Göttingen12, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center13, University of Siena14, University College London15, Copenhagen University Hospital16, Fukushima Medical University17, University of Tübingen18
TL;DR: These guidelines provide an up-date of previous IFCN report on “Non-invasive electrical and magnetic stimulation of the brain, spinal cord and roots: basic principles and procedures for routine clinical application” and include some recent extensions and developments.
1,850 citations
Cites background from "Modelling non-invasive brain stimul..."
...Its functional impact is due to the ability to impinge on neuronal function transiently (Miniussi et al., 2013), modifying information processing dependent on the activity of the involved neurons (Silvanto et al., 2008; Siebner et al., 2009)....
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...Its functional impact is due to the ability to impinge on neuronal function transiently (Miniussi et al., 2013), modifying information processing dependent on the activity of the involved neurons (Silvanto et al....
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University of Florida1, University of Göttingen2, City College of New York3, Mackenzie Presbyterian University4, University of São Paulo5, Johns Hopkins University6, National Institutes of Health7, Harvard University8, University of California, Davis9, University of Brescia10, University of Lisbon11, University of Oxford12, ETH Zurich13, Ruhr University Bochum14
TL;DR: This review covers technical aspects of tES, as well as applications like exploration of brain physiology, modelling approaches, tES in cognitive neurosciences, and interventional approaches to help the reader to appropriately design and conduct studies involving these brain stimulation techniques.
942 citations
Cites background from "Modelling non-invasive brain stimul..."
...Indeed, tDCS has been added to the technical arsenal of cognitive neuroscientists and has revealed important evidence on both the relationship between brain and behavior as well as on its efficacy as a cognitive neuroenhancement tool (Kuo and Nitsche, 2012; Miniussi et al., 2013)....
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...Furthermore, the effects of tRNS can also be explained in reference to the phenomenon of stochastic resonance (Miniussi et al., 2013)....
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TL;DR: The state of non-invasive brain stimulation research in humans is summarized, some current debates about properties and limitations of these methods are discussed, and recommendations for how these challenges may be addressed are given.
Abstract: In the past three decades, our understanding of brain–behavior relationships has been significantly shaped by research using non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques. These methods allow non-invasive and safe modulation of neural processes in the healthy brain, enabling researchers to directly study how experimentally altered neural activity causally affects behavior. This unique property of NIBS methods has, on the one hand, led to groundbreaking findings on the brain basis of various aspects of behavior and has raised interest in possible clinical and practical applications of these methods. On the other hand, it has also triggered increasingly critical debates about the properties and possible limitations of these methods. In this review, we discuss these issues, clarify the challenges associated with the use of currently available NIBS techniques for basic research and practical applications, and provide recommendations for studies using NIBS techniques to establish brain–behavior relationships.
544 citations
TL;DR: The use of tDCS in schizophrenia is in the early stages of investigation for relief of symptoms in people who are not satisfied with their response to antipsychotic medication.
434 citations
References
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01 Jan 1949TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the first stage of perception: growth of the assembly, the phase sequence, and the problem of Motivational Drift, which is the line of attack.
Abstract: Contents: Introduction. The Problem and the Line of Attack. Summation and Learning in Perception. Field Theory and Equipotentiality. The First Stage of Perception: Growth of the Assembly. Perception of a Complex: The Phase Sequence. Development of the Learning Capacity. Higher and Lower Processes Related to Learning. Problems of Motivation: Pain and Hunger. The Problem of Motivational Drift. Emotional Disturbances. The Growth and Decline of Intelligence.
5,038 citations
TL;DR: Transcranial electrical stimulation using weak current may be a promising tool to modulate cerebral excitability in a non‐invasive, painless, reversible, selective and focal way.
Abstract: The approach taken in this study to produce localised changes of cerebral excitability in the intact human was modulation of neuronal excitability by weak electric currents applied transcranially. So far, this technique has mainly been used in animal research, primarily through modulation of the resting membrane potential (Terzuolo & Bullock, 1956; Creutzfeld et al. 1962; Eccles et al. 1962; Bindman et al. 1964; Purpura & McMurtry, 1965; Artola et al. 1990; Malenka & Nicoll, 1999). In general, cerebral excitability was diminished by cathodal stimulation, which hyperpolarises neurones. Anodal stimulation caused neuronal depolarisation, leading to an increase in excitability (Bindman et al. 1962; Purpura & McMurtry, 1965), as was shown by spontaneous neuronal discharges and the amplitudes of evoked potentials (Landau et al. 1964; Purpura & McMurtry, 1965; Gorman, 1966). However, in single cortical layers opposite effects were seen (Purpura & McMurtry, 1965), underlining the fact that the effects of DC stimulation depend on the interaction of electric flow direction and neuronal geometry. Enduring effects of 5 h and longer have been described if the stimulation itself lasts sufficiently long, about 10–30 min. These prolonged effects are not simply due to prolonged membrane potential shifts or recurrent excitation, because intermittent complete cancellation of electrical brain activity by hypothermia does not abolish them (Gartside, 1968a,b). Long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) have been proposed as the likely candidates for this phenomenon (Hattori et al. 1990; Moriwaki, 1991; Islam et al. 1995; Malenka & Nicoll, 1999).
The concept described here was an attempt to induce neuronal excitability changes in man by application of weak DC stimulation through the intact skull. It has already been demonstrated within invasive presurgical epilepsy diagnostics that intracranial currents of sufficient strength can be achieved in humans by stimulation with surface electrodes at intensities of up to 1.5 mA (Dymond et al. 1975). A suitable candidate for evaluating cortical excitability changes is transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), because it allows the quantification of motor-cortical neurone responses in a painless and non-invasive manner. The amplitude of the resulting motor-evoked potential (MEP) represents the excitability of the motor system. In the following, we confirm the principal possibility of altering cortical excitability by applying weak DC. Furthermore we show that systematic DC stimulation with minimum stimulation duration and intensity is necessary for an effective application of weak current in humans. This is of particular importance for inducing effects which outlast the duration of stimulation.
4,672 citations
"Modelling non-invasive brain stimul..." refers background in this paper
...By contrast, in tES techniques, the stimulation involves the pplication of weak electrical currents directly to the scalp through pair of electrodes (Nitsche and Paulus, 2000; Priori et al., 1998)....
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TL;DR: It is argued that the most plausible candidate is the formation of dynamic links mediated by synchrony over multiple frequency bands.
Abstract: The emergence of a unified cognitive moment relies on the coordination of scattered mosaics of functionally specialized brain regions. Here we review the mechanisms of large-scale integration that counterbalance the distributed anatomical and functional organization of brain activity to enable the emergence of coherent behaviour and cognition. Although the mechanisms involved in large-scale integration are still largely unknown, we argue that the most plausible candidate is the formation of dynamic links mediated by synchrony over multiple frequency bands.
4,485 citations
"Modelling non-invasive brain stimul..." refers background in this paper
...Different cognitive states are associated with different oscillatory patterns in the brain (Buzsàki, 2006; Canolty and Knight, 2010; Varela et al., 2001)....
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TL;DR: The present updated guidelines review issues of risk and safety of conventional TMS protocols, address the undesired effects and risks of emerging TMS interventions, the applications of TMS in patients with implanted electrodes in the central nervous system, and safety aspects of T MS in neuroimaging environments.
4,447 citations