Modelling of automotive disc brake squeal and its reduction using rotor design modifications
08 Jun 2011-International Journal of Vehicle Noise and Vibration (Inderscience Publishers Ltd)-Vol. 7, Iss: 2, pp 129-148
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a numerical approach to reduce disc brake squeal through rotor design modifications using the finite element method (FEM), which is validated based on the measured data extracted from experimental modal analysis for individual brake components in free-free boundary condition and brake assembly under applied pressure.
Abstract: This paper proposes a numerical approach to reducing disc brake squeal through rotor design modifications using the finite element method (FEM). The finite element (FE) model is validated based on the measured data extracted from experimental modal analysis for individual brake components in free-free boundary condition and brake assembly under applied pressure. The FE model is used to investigate brake squeal through two numerical approaches namely complex eigenvalue analysis and dynamic transient analysis. Experimental squeal tests are performed using a brake test rig for verification of the predicted results. It is observed that the results of both the complex eigenvalue analysis and dynamic transient analysis agree well with experimental squeal frequencies. In order to reduce brake squeal, a number of structural modifications on the disc are evaluated. The predicted results show that the squeal noise of disc brake is influenced by the natural frequency of the brake rotor and its mode shape. It is also found that a good choice of rotor geometry in the pre-design stage could help in reducing squeal noise.
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Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, an approximate analysis method for brake squeal is presented using MSC/NASTRAN, where a geometric nonlinear solution is run using a friction stiffness matrix to model the contact between the pad and rotor.
Abstract: An approximate analysis method for brake squeal is presented. Using MSC/NASTRAN, a geometric nonlinear solution is run using a friction stiffness matrix to model the contact between the pad and rotor. The friction coefficient can be pressure dependent. Next, linearised complex modes are found where the interface is set in a slip condition. Since the entire interface is set sliding, it produces the maximum friction work possible during the vibration. It is a conservative measure for stability evaluation. An averaged friction coefficient is measured and used during squeal. Dynamically unstable modes are found during squeal. They are due to friction coupling of neighbouring modes. When these modes are decoupled, they are stabilised and squeal is eliminated. Good correlation with experimental results is shown. It will be shown that the complex modes base-line solution is insensitive to the type of variations in pressure and velocity that occur in a test schedule. This is due to the conservative nature of the approximation. Convective mass effects have not been included.
114 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors applied the complex eigenvalue analysis, the direct steady-state analysis and the transient nonlinear time domain analysis to an isotropic pad-on-disc finite element model representing a simple model of a brake system.
66 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a summary of recent research in the general area of vehicle noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) with an emphasis in the automotive field is presented, followed up on a previous review and classifies the phenomena by the main sources of NVH into powertrain, road and tyre, wind and other NVH.
Abstract: Vehicle noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) is usually among the top five attributes in terms of its priority in the design of automotive vehicles. Its priority in other types of vehicles (e.g., aerospace) is also important. Like other attributes of safety, performance, dynamics, fuel economy, NVH has to be considered closely in the design process. This manuscript presents a summary of recent research in the general area of NVH with an emphasis in the automotive field. It follows up on a previous review and classifies the phenomena by the main sources of NVH into powertrain, road and tyre, wind and other NVH. The last includes brake and chassis, squeak and rattle, electromechanical NVH, exterior (or drive-by) NVH and others. The paper provides a review of some of the recent literature in this field.
58 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a detailed finite element model of the whole disc brake assembly that integrates the wheel hub and steering knuckle is developed and validated by using experimental modal analysis, and a parametric study is carried out to look into the effect of changing Young's modulus of each brake's components on squeal generation.
Abstract: This paper is concerned with the disc brake squeal problem of passenger cars. The objective of this study is to develop a finite element model of the disc brake assembly in order to improve the understanding of the influence of Young’s modulus on squeal generation. A detailed finite element model of the whole disc brake assembly that integrates the wheel hub and steering knuckle is developed and validated by using experimental modal analysis. Stability analysis of the disc brake assembly is conducted to find unstable frequencies. A parametric study is carried out to look into the effect of changing Young’s modulus of each brake’s components on squeal generation. The simulation results indicate that Young’s modulus of the disc brake components plays an important role in generating the squeal noise.
39 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a detailed model of the DISC BRAKE ASSEMBLY that integrates the wheel hub and the wheel knuckler was developed and validated using an empirical analysis.
Abstract: THIS PAPER IS CONCERNED WITH THE DISC BRAKE SQUEAL PROBLEM FOR PASSENGER CARS. THE OBJECTIVE OF THE PRESENT RESEARCH IS DEVELOPING A FINITE ELEMENT MODEL OF THE DISC BRAKE ASSEMBLY IN ORDER TO IMPROVE UNDERSTANDING OF THE INFLUENCE OF YOUNGÂS MODULUS ON SQUEAL GENERATION. A DETAILED FINITE ELEMENT MODEL OF THE WHOLE DISC BRAKE ASSEMBLY THAT INTEGRATES THE WHEEL HUB AND STEERING KNUCKLE IS DEVELOPED AND VALIDATED USING EXPERIMENTAL MODAL ANALYSIS. STABILITY ANALYSIS OF THE DISC BRAKE ASSEMBLY IS ACCOMPLISHED TO FIND UNSTABLE FREQUENCIES. A PARAMETRIC STUDY IS CARRIED TO LOOK INTO THE EFFECT OF CHANGING YOUNGÂS MODULUS OF EACH BRAKE COMPONENTS ON SQUEAL GENERATION. THE RESULTS OF SIMULATION INDICATED THAT YOUNGÂS MODULUS OF DISC BRAKE COMPONENTS PLAY A SUBSTANTIAL ROLE IN GENERATING THE SQUEAL NOISE.
38 citations
Cites methods from "Modelling of automotive disc brake ..."
...There are two numerical methods that are used to study this problem namely; transient dynamic analysis (Nouby et al., 2011; Hu et al., 1999) and complex eigenvalue analysis (Kung et al., 2000; Abdo et al., 2010; Liu et al., 2007; Abu-Bakar and Ouyang, 2008)....
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...There are two numerical methods that are used to study this problem namely; transient dynamic analysis (Nouby et al., 2011; Hu et al., 1999) and complex eigenvalue analysis (Kung et al....
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References
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TL;DR: In this paper, an enhanced dynamic finite element (FE) model with friction coupling is applied to analyze the design of disc brake pad structure for squeal noise reduction, and the best pad design attained, which produces the least amount of squeal response, is finally validated by comparison to a set of actual vehicle test results.
65 citations
"Modelling of automotive disc brake ..." refers background in this paper
...Therefore, many researchers and engineers preferred complex eigenvalue analysis (CEA) to investigate disc brake squeal (Bajer et al., 2003; Dai and Lim, 2008; Liles, 1989; Liu et al., 2007; Mario et al., 2008; Nouby et al., 2009; Abdo et al., 2010)....
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19 Oct 2003
63 citations
"Modelling of automotive disc brake ..." refers background in this paper
...Therefore, many researchers and engineers preferred complex eigenvalue analysis (CEA) to investigate disc brake squeal (Bajer et al., 2003; Dai and Lim, 2008; Liles, 1989; Liu et al., 2007; Mario et al., 2008; Nouby et al., 2009; Abdo et al., 2010)....
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56 citations
19 Oct 2003
56 citations
"Modelling of automotive disc brake ..." refers background in this paper
...In order to perform the CEA, four main steps are required (Kung et al., 2003)....
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TL;DR: In this article, an approach to investigate the influencing factors of the brake pad on the disc brake squeal by integrating finite element simulations with statistical regression techniques was proposed, which is correlated with experimental modal test.
Abstract: * Corresponding authors) Abstract This paper proposes an approach to investigate the influencing factors of the brake pad on the disc brake squeal by integrating finite element simulations with statistical regression techniques. Complex eigenvalue analysis (CEA) has been widely used to predict unstable frequencies in brake systems models. The finite element model is correlated with experimental modal test. The 'input-output' relationship between the brake squeal and the brake pad geometry is constructed for possible prediction of the squeal using various geometrical configurations of the disc brake. Influences of the various factors namely; Young's modulus of back plate, back plate thickness, chamfer, distance between two slots, slot width and angle of slot are investigated using design of experiments (DOE) technique. A mathematical prediction model has been developed based on the most influencing factors and the validation simulation experiments proved its adequacy. The predicted results show that brake squeal propensity can be reduced by increasing Young's modulus of the back plate and modifying the shape of friction material by adding chamfer on both sides of friction material and by introducing slot configurations. The combined approach of modeling brake squeal using CEA and DOE is found to be statistically adequate through verification trials. This combined approach will be useful in the design stage of the disc brake.
55 citations
"Modelling of automotive disc brake ..." refers background in this paper
...Therefore, many researchers and engineers preferred complex eigenvalue analysis (CEA) to investigate disc brake squeal (Bajer et al., 2003; Dai and Lim, 2008; Liles, 1989; Liu et al., 2007; Mario et al., 2008; Nouby et al., 2009; Abdo et al., 2010)....
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