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Journal ArticleDOI

Modelling of PCB Cross-Talk using the Transmission-Line-Matrix (TLM) Method

01 Nov 2001-Iete Journal of Research (Taylor & Francis)-Vol. 47, Iss: 6, pp 287-299
TL;DR: The transmission-line-matrix (TLM) numerical time-domain method using the symmetrical super-condensed node (SSCN) is applied to calculate the cross-talk time & frequency-response between tracks on a double-sided vertical-PCB-on-backplane configuration over a frequency range of 50 MHz to 1GHz.
Abstract: The transmission-line-matrix (TLM) numerical time-domain method using the symmetrical super-condensed node (SSCN) is applied to calculate the cross-talk time & frequency-response between tracks on a double-sided vertical-PCB-on-backplane configuration over a frequency range of 50 MHz to 1GHz. Meshing was done on a layer-wise basis which consisted of dividing the entire computational region into groups-of-vertical-layers in the XY plane, with each group of layers having the same mesh pattern. Extensive use was made of a recently introduced one and two dimensional multi-gridding technique to keep the total mesh count to a reasonable value. Perfectly-matched-layer absorbing boundary conditions were used and simulation was done for six PCB configurations for 100,000 time-steps, the time-step being 0.523 ps for a spatial resolution of 0.3175 mm. Simulation results compare well with the experimental data over the frequency range of interest.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a detailed electrostatic model of an aircraft was used in an experimentally validated, new electric-charge-based circuit model for studying aircraft-lightning electrodynamics.
Abstract: In this paper we apply a detailed electrostatic model of an aircraft to be used in an experimentally validated, new electric-charge-based circuit model for studying aircraft-lightning electrodynamics. The model is used to evaluate the electrodynamics of an aircraft under a thundercloud. As commercial and military aircraft continue to be subject to direct lightning flashes, we have previously developed a dipole model to characterize electrical currents and electric potential fluctuations on an aircraft for alternative design strategies to minimizing the severity of lightning-aircraft dynamics. With the increased severity of thunderstorms due to global warming, the need to predict and quantify electrical characteristics of the lightning-aircraft electrodynamics is greater, but they are normally not measurable. That dipole model is used here in a new a simple matrix formulation and applied to low-flying aircraft to compute the lightning channel voltages and currents after the aircraft is struck by li...

8 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a new symmetrical condensed node is developed for the analysis of electromagnetic waves by the transmission-line modeling (TLM) method of numerical analysis, which has the advantage of condensing the field components to one point in space at the node.
Abstract: A new symmetrical condensed node is developed for the analysis of electromagnetic waves by the transmission-line modeling (TLM) method of numerical analysis.The new node has the advantage of condensing the field components to one point in space at the node and removes the disadvantage of asymmetry in existing condensed nodes.

686 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The basic algorithm for simulating wave propagation in two- and three-dimensional transmission-live networks is derived and the introduction of boundaries, dielectric and magnetic materials, losses, and anisotropy are discussed in detail.
Abstract: This paper presents an overview of the transmission-line matrix (TLM) method of analysis, describing its historical background from Huygens's principle to modem computer formulations. The basic algorithm for simulating wave propagation in two- and three-dimensional transmission-live networks is derived. The introduction of boundaries, dielectric and magnetic materials, losses, and anisotropy are discussed in detail. Furthermore, the various sources of error and the limitations of the method are given, and methods for error correction or reduction, as well as improvements of numerical efficiency, are discussed. Finally, some typical applications to microwave problems are presented.

678 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an alternative symmetrical condensed node has been developed for which the iterative time step is independent of the ratio of grading on the TLM mesh, which has fewer stubs than the previous node and is shown to have a reduced velocity error for axial propagation.
Abstract: An alternative symmetrical condensed node has been developed for which the iterative time step is independent of the ratio of grading on the TLM mesh. The new mode has fewer stubs than the previous node and is shown to have a reduced velocity error for axial propagation.

107 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the theory of evanescent waves in perfectly matched layers (PMLs) is presented, both in a continuous medium and in a discretized finite-difference medium.
Abstract: The theory of general evanescent waves in perfectly matched layers (PMLs) is presented, both in a continuous medium and in a discretized finite-difference medium. It is shown that evanescent waves may be strongly reflected from vacuum-PML interfaces in the discretized case. This allows the numerical reflection observed in wave-structure interaction problems to be interpreted as the reflection of evanescent fields surrounding the structures.

102 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A new ‘multigrid’ interface is presented for the connection of fine and coarse TLM meshes that may be used unmodified with any type of TLM, and with guaranteed stability and losslessness.
Abstract: A new ‘multigrid’ interface is presented for the connection of fine and coarse TLM meshes. The interface is defined as an electrical connection and thus may be used unmodified with any type of TLM, and with guaranteed stability and losslessness. The connection supports correct propagation at any angle to the interface.

59 citations