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Modern methods of plant analysis

About: The article was published on 1964-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 1991 citations till now.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors found significant correlations between removal of heavy metals in coalmine effluent and their accumulation in roots and leaves of the experimental sets of the plant tissue analysis revealed higher accumulation of metals in roots than leaves.
Abstract: Opencast coalmine effluent contains higher concentrations of Cd, Cr, Co, Ni and Pb. Biofiltration of these metals has been demonstrated successfully with the help of aquatic macrophytes i.e., E. crassipes, L. minor and A. pinnata. Experiments revealed E. crassipes reduced highest concentration of heavy metals followed by L. minor and A. pinnata on 20th days retention period. Plant tissue analysis revealed higher accumulation of metals in roots than leaves. Highly significant correlations have been noted between removal of heavy metals in effluent and their accumulation in roots and leaves of the experimental sets. Translocation factor also revealed lower transportation of metals from root to leaves. Reduction in chlorophyll and protein content was noted with the accumulation of heavy metals. N, P and K analysis in plant tissues indicated continuous decrease in their concentration with increasing metal concentration. Negative and significant correlations between metal accumulation and N, P and K concentrations in plant tissues showed adverse effects of heavy metals. Analysis of variance (Dunnett t-test) showed significant results (p < 0.001) for all the metals in different durations.

40 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The seeds of Acacia leucophloea (Roxb.) willd. were analysed for their proximate composition, minerals, protein fractions, seed protein amino acid profiles, fatty acid composition of lipids and antinutritional substances.

40 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used HPLC analysis to identify nine phenolic acids during seed maturation with the predominance of rosmarinic, syringic and sinapic acids.

40 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Using a factorial design with deficient to toxic levels of Mn and B, the absorption and distribution of Fe in tomato plants grown hydroponically in a greenhouse was studied and a hypothesis for explaining the results is proposed.
Abstract: Using a factorial design with deficient to toxic levels of Mn and B, the absorption and distribution of Fe in tomato plants (Lycopersicum esculentum, var. Marglobe), grown hydroponically in a greenhouse was studied. B was added to disturb growth and hence nutrient demands. Deficient or normal Mn levels antagonize Fe absorption, but the reverse was true when Mn reached toxic values; nevertheless, Mn effect was always antagonistic on Fe transport. A hypothesis for explaining the above-related results, together with P and Ca absorption and distribution, is proposed. Mn/Fe in the shoot is not related at all with plant growth. B levels influence Fe absorption and translocation paralleling the dry matter production.

39 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: Potentiality of Rhizopus oryzae to utilize orange peels under solid state fermentation conditions to produce macerating fluid with high cellulolytic and pectinolytic activities were confirmed in this work.
Abstract: Potentiality of Rhizopus oryzae to utilize orange peels under solid state fermentation conditions to produce macerating fluid with high cellulolytic and pectinolytic activities were confirmed in this work. Addition of NH 4 NO 3 and NH 4 Cl to the fermentation medium improved the macerating potentiality due to an increase in enzyme levels. The pectin lyase (PL) secreted by R. oryzae under these conditions was also purified to electrophoretic homogeneity using ammonium sulphate fractionation and 2-step-column chromatography. The purified PL expressed its maximum activity at 50 °C and pH value of 7.5, showed good stability in the pH range of 7 to 9.5 and its midpoint of thermal inactivation (T m ) was 70 °C after 45 min of exposure. Presence of Ca 2+ enhanced the activity and thermal stability of the purified PL, ions of Mg, Na and K showed a stimulatory effect and ions of Zn, Co, Mn and Hg showed an inhibitory effect on the enzyme activity. K m was calculated to be 3.87 mg/ml, V max was 297 U/ml and the molecular mass was 31 kDa.

39 citations

References
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Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1963
TL;DR: In this article, a physiologischer Vorgang auf eine enzymatische Wirkung zuruckgefuhrt werden (vgl. S. 301), besteht die folgende Aufgabe darin, Naheres uber die Eigenschaften des beteiligten Enzyms zu ermitteln.
Abstract: Kann ein physiologischer Vorgang auf eine enzymatische Wirkung zuruckgefuhrt werden (vgl. S. 301), so besteht die folgende Aufgabe darin, Naheres uber die Eigenschaften des beteiligten Enzyms zu ermitteln. Hierzu gehoren die Bestimmung der Reaktions- und Substratspezifitat sowie die Ermittlung der Bedingungen, unter denen eine optimale Wirkung des Enzyms gegeben ist. Wesentlich zur Charakterisierung ist ferner die Untersuchung der Stabilitat des Enzyms und dabei insbesondere die Feststellung, ob es sich um ein Ferment handelt, das zur vollen Aktivitat dialysable Cofaktoren benotigt. Falls diese Frage bejaht wird, ist auch die Bestimmung der unerlaslichen Cofaktoren anzuschliesen. Uberdies bietet auch der Nachweis der Lokalisation des Enzyms in der Zelle (oder im Zellverband) eine entscheidende Moglichkeit zur Charakterisierung des Fermentes. Hinzu kommt schlieslich noch die Untersuchung der Wirkung einzelner Inhibitoren1 auf das Enzym, die zu weitgehender Klarung des Reaktionsmechanismus beitragen kann und eine Abgrenzung der Eigenschaften des untersuchten Fermentes gegenuber ahnlichen Enzymen erlaubt.

2 citations

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1962
TL;DR: Optical rotation has been found to be one of the most convenient methods of following the denaturation of proteins and rotatory dispersion is capable of providing information on the folding of the polypeptide chain in proteins and the changes accompanying denaturation.
Abstract: Optical rotation has been found to be one of the most convenient methods of following the denaturation of proteins. Generally speaking denaturation can be defined as a process or sequence of processes in which the spatial arrangement of the polypeptide chains within the molecule is changed from that typical of the native protein to a more disordered arrangement (Kauzmann 1959). The terms “configuration”, “conformation” and “state of folding” are widely used for spatial arrangement. It is probably best to follow the suggestion of Blout (1960) and restrict the use of “configuration” to its original sense, i.e. the spatial arrangement around an asymmetric carbon atom, and to use “conformation” for the shape of the molecule in its entirety. The properties discussed in the previous Chapter i.e., viscosity, diffusion, sedimentation, and light scattering — can all furnish information on the overall shape of proteins or other macromolecules and changes in this shape with environment. Thus Doty, Bradbury and Holtzer (1956) were able to show using these methods, together with streaming birefringence, that poly-γ-benzyl-L-glutamate could exist in two conformations, the α-helix and the solvated randomly coiled form, depending on the solvent. The change from α-helix to random coil was accompanied by marked changes in the optical rotatory properties of the polypeptides. It is to be expected that an α-helical structure should contribute to the rotatory power of a polypeptide since helices are asymmetric and not superimposable on their mirror images. The work on polypeptides has shown that rotatory dispersion is capable of providing information on the folding of the polypeptide chain in proteins and the changes accompanying denaturation.

1 citations