Modern methods of plant analysis
01 Jan 1964-
About: The article was published on 1964-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 1991 citations till now.
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TL;DR: In this paper, Nitrolime was applied to a pure sward of short-rotation ryegrass (Lolium perenne × L multiflorum) at high (HN) and low (LN) rates.
Abstract: “Nitrolime” was applied to a pure sward of short-rotation ryegrass (Lolium perenne × L multiflorum) at high (HN) and low (LN) rates The grass was fed to rumen-fistulated sheep housed indoors Total, non-protein, protein, and nitrate nitrogen contents of the HN grass, were greater than in the LN grass on the first three of four sampling days Total soluble sugar and water-soluble polysaccharide contents of the HN grass were lower than in the LN grass on the first two sampling days Compared with the LN grass, the rumen liquor of the sheep on the HN grass contained higher concentrations of soluble nitrogen, soluble non-protein nitrogen, ammonia, and nitrate, lower total VFA concentration and proportions of butyric acid, and higher proportions of acetic acid The difference in the proportion of propionic acid depended on the time of sampling It was concluded that even though large treatment differences in grass composition were obtained, there were no marked deleterious effects en animal health or intake
24 citations
01 Jan 2008
24 citations
TL;DR: Application of Ti enhanced the chlorophyll content of leaves, suggesting its influence to promote photosynthesis, and organic and inorganic sources of Ti were equally effective.
Abstract: To compare the effectiveness of two sources of Ti:-dicyclopentadienyl titanium chloride (organic Ti) and titanium chloride (inorganic Ti) a pot experiment was conducted with bean at 0.25, 0.5 and 1 ppm levels of water-soluble Ti applied as foliar spray. Application of Ti enhanced the chlorophyll content of leaves, suggesting its influence to promote photosynthesis. Dry matter yield of bean was increased by 5.6, 8.9 and 20 per cent over control due to addition of 0.25, 0.5 and 1 ppm levels of water-soluble Ti, respectively. However, organic and inorganic sources of Ti were equally effective. Spray of Ti also increased the uptake of major and trace elements.
24 citations
TL;DR: Potential toxicity caused by arsenate (AsV) among four rice cultivars tested that varied with respect to accumulation of total arsenic, arsenite (AsIII) and their differential translocation rate which had deleterious impact on growth and metabolism is examined.
Abstract: Arsenic (As) accumulation in rice is a principal route of As exposure for rice based population. We have tested physiochemical and molecular parameters together to identify low As accumulating rice cultivars with normal growth and vigor. The present study examined potential toxicity caused by arsenate (AsV) among four rice cultivars tested that varied with respect to accumulation of total arsenic, arsenite (AsIII) and their differential translocation rate which had deleterious impact on growth and metabolism. Intracellular homeostasis of rice cultivars viz., TN-1, IR-64, IR-20 and Tulaipanji was hampered by 21 days long As(V) treatment due to generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inadequate activity of catalase (CAT; EC 1.11.1.6). Upregulation of oxidative stress markers viz., H2O2, proline and MDA along with alteration in enzymatic antioxidants profile were conspicuously pronounced in cv. Tulaipanji while cv. TN-1 was least affected under As(V) challenged environment. In addition to that genomic template stability and band sharing indices were qualitatively measured by DNA profiling of all tested cultivars treated with 25 μM, 50 μM, and 75 μM As(V). In rice cv. Tulaipanji genetic polymorphism was significantly detected with the application of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) tool and characterized as susceptible cultivar of As compared to cvs. TN-1, IR-64 and IR-20 that is in correlation with data obtained from cluster analysis. Hence, identified As tolerant cultivars viz., TN-1, IR64 and IR-20 especially TN-1 could be used in As contaminated agricultural field after appropriate field trial. This study could help to gather information regarding cultivar-specific tolerance strategy to avoid pollutant induced toxicity.
24 citations
Cites methods from "Modern methods of plant analysis"
...root and shoot samples (2 g each) of all tested cultivars following acid digestion technique (Peach and Tracey 1956)....
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...Determination of total As and As(III) content After 18 days of As(V) treatment, total As and As(III) contents were estimated from oven dried (80 °C for 2 days) root and shoot samples (2 g each) of all tested cultivars following acid digestion technique (Peach and Tracey 1956)....
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TL;DR: Biochemical analysis showed that both NADH- and NADPH-dependent activities of nitrate reductase (NR) in these four mutants were less than 25% of the wild type IR30, and xanthine dehydrogenase activities and molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis abilities were deficient indicating that these mutants were cnx and not nia type.
24 citations
References
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01 Jan 1963
TL;DR: In this article, a physiologischer Vorgang auf eine enzymatische Wirkung zuruckgefuhrt werden (vgl. S. 301), besteht die folgende Aufgabe darin, Naheres uber die Eigenschaften des beteiligten Enzyms zu ermitteln.
Abstract: Kann ein physiologischer Vorgang auf eine enzymatische Wirkung zuruckgefuhrt werden (vgl. S. 301), so besteht die folgende Aufgabe darin, Naheres uber die Eigenschaften des beteiligten Enzyms zu ermitteln. Hierzu gehoren die Bestimmung der Reaktions- und Substratspezifitat sowie die Ermittlung der Bedingungen, unter denen eine optimale Wirkung des Enzyms gegeben ist. Wesentlich zur Charakterisierung ist ferner die Untersuchung der Stabilitat des Enzyms und dabei insbesondere die Feststellung, ob es sich um ein Ferment handelt, das zur vollen Aktivitat dialysable Cofaktoren benotigt. Falls diese Frage bejaht wird, ist auch die Bestimmung der unerlaslichen Cofaktoren anzuschliesen. Uberdies bietet auch der Nachweis der Lokalisation des Enzyms in der Zelle (oder im Zellverband) eine entscheidende Moglichkeit zur Charakterisierung des Fermentes. Hinzu kommt schlieslich noch die Untersuchung der Wirkung einzelner Inhibitoren1 auf das Enzym, die zu weitgehender Klarung des Reaktionsmechanismus beitragen kann und eine Abgrenzung der Eigenschaften des untersuchten Fermentes gegenuber ahnlichen Enzymen erlaubt.
2 citations
01 Jan 1962
TL;DR: Optical rotation has been found to be one of the most convenient methods of following the denaturation of proteins and rotatory dispersion is capable of providing information on the folding of the polypeptide chain in proteins and the changes accompanying denaturation.
Abstract: Optical rotation has been found to be one of the most convenient methods of following the denaturation of proteins. Generally speaking denaturation can be defined as a process or sequence of processes in which the spatial arrangement of the polypeptide chains within the molecule is changed from that typical of the native protein to a more disordered arrangement (Kauzmann 1959). The terms “configuration”, “conformation” and “state of folding” are widely used for spatial arrangement. It is probably best to follow the suggestion of Blout (1960) and restrict the use of “configuration” to its original sense, i.e. the spatial arrangement around an asymmetric carbon atom, and to use “conformation” for the shape of the molecule in its entirety. The properties discussed in the previous Chapter i.e., viscosity, diffusion, sedimentation, and light scattering — can all furnish information on the overall shape of proteins or other macromolecules and changes in this shape with environment. Thus Doty, Bradbury and Holtzer (1956) were able to show using these methods, together with streaming birefringence, that poly-γ-benzyl-L-glutamate could exist in two conformations, the α-helix and the solvated randomly coiled form, depending on the solvent. The change from α-helix to random coil was accompanied by marked changes in the optical rotatory properties of the polypeptides. It is to be expected that an α-helical structure should contribute to the rotatory power of a polypeptide since helices are asymmetric and not superimposable on their mirror images. The work on polypeptides has shown that rotatory dispersion is capable of providing information on the folding of the polypeptide chain in proteins and the changes accompanying denaturation.
1 citations