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Modern methods of plant analysis

About: The article was published on 1964-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 1991 citations till now.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopic study of arsenic content in the root and shoot also showed variable uptake of arsenic by the two rice seedlings (cv. Khitish and cv. Nayanmani).
Abstract: Groundwater arsenic contamination, a grave threat in Bangladesh and parts of West Bengal (India), causes biochemical and physiological disorders in plants. Arsenic and phosphorus (plant macronutrient) have similar electronic configurations, resulting in their competitive interaction for the same uptake system in plant roots. Arsenic exposure initiates production of reactive oxygen species. Hence, the contents of proline, hydrogen peroxide, glutathione, ascorbate, and activities of ascorbate peroxidase, catalase were investigated in 21-day-old rice seedlings (cv. Khitish and cv. Nayanmani). Additionally, impact of arsenate together with phosphate on growth, total glutathione contents and activity of its regulatory enzymes were altered in the test cultivars to varying extents. Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopic study of arsenic content in the root and shoot also showed variable uptake of arsenic by the two cultivars. Arsenate reductase enzyme activity primarily observed in the root, also differed from one cultivar to the other. Different phytochelatin (PCs) levels were recorded in the shoot and root of the cultivars under arsenate and phosphate treatment by reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography. PC content increased with increasing arsenate concentrations, whereas phosphate and arsenate co-application resulted in reduced PC levels. The degree of elevation in PC contents varied significantly in the cultivars. Based on the above-mentioned parameters, cv. Khitish appeared to be more susceptible to arsenic toxicity than cv. Nayanmani which showed selective tolerance to the said metal stress.

20 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: There was marked variation in the amino acid composition of the populations for the two different ecozones studied, suggesting a broad genetic base.
Abstract: WildVigna radiata var.sublobata populations, inhabiting the mountains of India, and two cultigens,V. mungo andV. radiata, were examined for seed-protein content and amino acid composition. The protein content in the populations varied from 15.2 to 21%. Lysine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine contents were invariably higher in wild populations as compared with the FAO reference pattern. The variation encountered in wild populations is largely genetic in origin. Total essential amino acids in the wild populations varied from 38.3 to 42.2; in the cultigens, from 29.2 to 37.5 (g/100 g protein). There was marked variation in the amino acid composition of the populations for the two different ecozones studied, suggesting a broad genetic base.

20 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
10 Dec 2020
TL;DR: Fermentation of beet-milk beverage with LA-5 and ABT-5 cultures enhanced the beverage taste, flavor, and antioxidant capacity and improved the nutritional value of beetroot and the acceptability of the product.
Abstract: Beetroot is a good source of minerals, fibers, and bioactive components. The present research work was conducted to evaluate the nutritional quality of beetroots (juice, peels, leaves and pomace) enhancing the extracted bioactive components, and developing a functional probiotic beverage. Chemical composition and minerals content of beetroot parts were estimated. The bioactive components were extracted by instant extraction method (IEM) and overnight extraction method (at -20°C) (OEM) to determine total phenolics, flavonoids, and DPPH inhibition ratio. The extracted beetroot juice was mixed with milk for valorization of the beverage nutritional value and fermented with LA-5 and ABT-5 cultures to create a novel functional beverage. Chemical composition, minerals content, and bioactive components of beverages were estimated. The leaves exhibited the highest calcium content (1200 mg/100g). Juice showed the highest amount of all minerals except for calcium and magnesium. Overnight extraction method (OEM) increased the antioxidant activity in peels and stems. Natural juice exhibited the highest activity compared to extracts. Fermentation of beet-milk beverage with LA-5 and ABT-5 cultures enhanced the beverage taste, flavor, and antioxidant capacity. Beetroot wastes and juice comprise a valuable nutritional source. Fermentation improved the nutritional value of beetroot and the acceptability of the product.

20 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, both untreated and NaOH-treated samples were delignified to different stages using NaClO2 and submitted to enzymatic hydrolysis with Trichoderma reesei cellulase and Aspergillus niger beta-glucosidase.
Abstract: For the utilization of polysaccharides from Pinus pinaster bark, both untreated and NaOH-treated samples were delignified to different stages using NaClO2 and submitted to enzymatic hydrolysis with Trichoderma reesei cellulase and Aspergillus niger beta-glucosidase. In the best conditions, samples treated with 1% NaOH for 15 min and NaClO2 for 7 hours the conversion of polysaccharides into sugars accounts for the 75% of the potential yield, and the glucose obtained amounts to 87% of the theoretical value.

20 citations

01 Jan 2011
TL;DR: Higher dose of Quisqualis Indica flower extract is significantly exhib it immuno modulatory activity, and all treatment group is compared control group.
Abstract: The aim of the present context to evaluated to the immunomodulatory activity of hydroalcoholic ext ract of Quisqualis Indica Linn in wistar rats .it‟s also know as Rangoon Creeper or Madhumalati, Laal-chameli .The carbon clearances test cyclophosphamide induced myelosuppression, Total Leukocyte Count (TLC), and Differential Leukocyte Count (DLC), Delayed Type Hypersensitivity (DTH). The Quisqualis Indica flower ext ract was admin istered orally at a dose of 100 mg/ kg and 150 mg/kg. Levamisol (50 mg/kg p.o) was used as standard drug. All treatment group is compared control group .Cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg).higher dose of Quisqualis Indica flower extract is significantly exhib it immuno modulatory activity.

20 citations

References
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Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1963
TL;DR: In this article, a physiologischer Vorgang auf eine enzymatische Wirkung zuruckgefuhrt werden (vgl. S. 301), besteht die folgende Aufgabe darin, Naheres uber die Eigenschaften des beteiligten Enzyms zu ermitteln.
Abstract: Kann ein physiologischer Vorgang auf eine enzymatische Wirkung zuruckgefuhrt werden (vgl. S. 301), so besteht die folgende Aufgabe darin, Naheres uber die Eigenschaften des beteiligten Enzyms zu ermitteln. Hierzu gehoren die Bestimmung der Reaktions- und Substratspezifitat sowie die Ermittlung der Bedingungen, unter denen eine optimale Wirkung des Enzyms gegeben ist. Wesentlich zur Charakterisierung ist ferner die Untersuchung der Stabilitat des Enzyms und dabei insbesondere die Feststellung, ob es sich um ein Ferment handelt, das zur vollen Aktivitat dialysable Cofaktoren benotigt. Falls diese Frage bejaht wird, ist auch die Bestimmung der unerlaslichen Cofaktoren anzuschliesen. Uberdies bietet auch der Nachweis der Lokalisation des Enzyms in der Zelle (oder im Zellverband) eine entscheidende Moglichkeit zur Charakterisierung des Fermentes. Hinzu kommt schlieslich noch die Untersuchung der Wirkung einzelner Inhibitoren1 auf das Enzym, die zu weitgehender Klarung des Reaktionsmechanismus beitragen kann und eine Abgrenzung der Eigenschaften des untersuchten Fermentes gegenuber ahnlichen Enzymen erlaubt.

2 citations

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1962
TL;DR: Optical rotation has been found to be one of the most convenient methods of following the denaturation of proteins and rotatory dispersion is capable of providing information on the folding of the polypeptide chain in proteins and the changes accompanying denaturation.
Abstract: Optical rotation has been found to be one of the most convenient methods of following the denaturation of proteins. Generally speaking denaturation can be defined as a process or sequence of processes in which the spatial arrangement of the polypeptide chains within the molecule is changed from that typical of the native protein to a more disordered arrangement (Kauzmann 1959). The terms “configuration”, “conformation” and “state of folding” are widely used for spatial arrangement. It is probably best to follow the suggestion of Blout (1960) and restrict the use of “configuration” to its original sense, i.e. the spatial arrangement around an asymmetric carbon atom, and to use “conformation” for the shape of the molecule in its entirety. The properties discussed in the previous Chapter i.e., viscosity, diffusion, sedimentation, and light scattering — can all furnish information on the overall shape of proteins or other macromolecules and changes in this shape with environment. Thus Doty, Bradbury and Holtzer (1956) were able to show using these methods, together with streaming birefringence, that poly-γ-benzyl-L-glutamate could exist in two conformations, the α-helix and the solvated randomly coiled form, depending on the solvent. The change from α-helix to random coil was accompanied by marked changes in the optical rotatory properties of the polypeptides. It is to be expected that an α-helical structure should contribute to the rotatory power of a polypeptide since helices are asymmetric and not superimposable on their mirror images. The work on polypeptides has shown that rotatory dispersion is capable of providing information on the folding of the polypeptide chain in proteins and the changes accompanying denaturation.

1 citations