Modern methods of plant analysis
01 Jan 1964-
About: The article was published on 1964-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 1991 citations till now.
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TL;DR: Triarimol (2 μg/ml) strongly inhibited multiplication of Ustilago maydis sporidia after one doubling, but growth continued and sporidia became abnormally large, branched and multicellular.
83 citations
TL;DR: This review includes 554 volatile sulfur-containing compounds that have been reported from 43 terrestrial plant families until and including 2010 and presents the retention indices of VSCs in different types of gas chromatography columns, as reported to date.
Abstract: This review includes 554 volatile sulfur-containing compounds (VSCs) that have been reported from 43 terrestrial plant families until and including 2010. This review deals with extraction and analytical methods for VSCs, distribution of VSCs among plants, biosynthesis and other important aspects of this class of natural products. It has been shown that some classes of VSCs, specifically those in certain plant families, may have chemotaxonomic significance. This review also presents the retention indices of VSCs in different types of gas chromatography columns, as reported to date.
83 citations
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01 Jan 1976
TL;DR: It was claimed by GAumann (1954) that microorganisms are pathogenic only if they are toxigenic; whether or not this proposition agrees with the scientific progress of the last 20 years, depends on the understanding of toxins in plant pathology.
Abstract: It was claimed by GAumann (1954) that microorganisms are pathogenic only if they are toxigenic. Whether or not this proposition agrees with the scientific progress of the last 20 years, depends on our understanding of toxins in plant pathology. In the case of host-specific toxins (see Scheffer in this Volume) their role in the “primary determination of disease” seems obvious. This Chapter, however, deals with the large group of other phytotoxic compounds of plant pathogenic origin which are not host-specific; that is, they are toxic to hosts and non-hosts of the pathogen. Since these toxins cannot explain host specificity they have been defined as “secondary determinants of disease”. Nevertheless, some of these toxins seem to be necessary for a successful infection of the host plant, whereas others play only a secondary role. It is one aim of this review to compilate the available data from non-host-specific toxins in regard to their possible role in disease. Therefore, the main emphasis is placed on plant physiological and plant pathological aspects, contained in the subchapters “Mode of action of phytotoxic compounds” (see Section 8) and “Toxins in relation to pathogenesis” (see Section 9). Also the “Chemistry of phytotoxic compounds” (see Section 7) is reviewed as far as possible, since the chemical characterization can contribute to an understanding of the physiological role of a toxin.
82 citations
TL;DR: Cellulysin, a crude cellulase from the plant parasitic fungus Trichoderma viride, induces the biosynthesis of volatiles in higher plants when applied to cut petioles by the transpiration stream indicating that cellulysin acts via activation of the octadecanoid signalling pathway.
82 citations
TL;DR: Both the compounds exerted nearly 4- to 5-fold increase in the counts of G2/M stage cells at 5microM indicating a potential role in the cell cycle arrest as well as possible lead structures for the development of cancer chemopreventive and therapeutic agents.
82 citations
References
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01 Jan 1963
TL;DR: In this article, a physiologischer Vorgang auf eine enzymatische Wirkung zuruckgefuhrt werden (vgl. S. 301), besteht die folgende Aufgabe darin, Naheres uber die Eigenschaften des beteiligten Enzyms zu ermitteln.
Abstract: Kann ein physiologischer Vorgang auf eine enzymatische Wirkung zuruckgefuhrt werden (vgl. S. 301), so besteht die folgende Aufgabe darin, Naheres uber die Eigenschaften des beteiligten Enzyms zu ermitteln. Hierzu gehoren die Bestimmung der Reaktions- und Substratspezifitat sowie die Ermittlung der Bedingungen, unter denen eine optimale Wirkung des Enzyms gegeben ist. Wesentlich zur Charakterisierung ist ferner die Untersuchung der Stabilitat des Enzyms und dabei insbesondere die Feststellung, ob es sich um ein Ferment handelt, das zur vollen Aktivitat dialysable Cofaktoren benotigt. Falls diese Frage bejaht wird, ist auch die Bestimmung der unerlaslichen Cofaktoren anzuschliesen. Uberdies bietet auch der Nachweis der Lokalisation des Enzyms in der Zelle (oder im Zellverband) eine entscheidende Moglichkeit zur Charakterisierung des Fermentes. Hinzu kommt schlieslich noch die Untersuchung der Wirkung einzelner Inhibitoren1 auf das Enzym, die zu weitgehender Klarung des Reaktionsmechanismus beitragen kann und eine Abgrenzung der Eigenschaften des untersuchten Fermentes gegenuber ahnlichen Enzymen erlaubt.
2 citations
01 Jan 1962
TL;DR: Optical rotation has been found to be one of the most convenient methods of following the denaturation of proteins and rotatory dispersion is capable of providing information on the folding of the polypeptide chain in proteins and the changes accompanying denaturation.
Abstract: Optical rotation has been found to be one of the most convenient methods of following the denaturation of proteins. Generally speaking denaturation can be defined as a process or sequence of processes in which the spatial arrangement of the polypeptide chains within the molecule is changed from that typical of the native protein to a more disordered arrangement (Kauzmann 1959). The terms “configuration”, “conformation” and “state of folding” are widely used for spatial arrangement. It is probably best to follow the suggestion of Blout (1960) and restrict the use of “configuration” to its original sense, i.e. the spatial arrangement around an asymmetric carbon atom, and to use “conformation” for the shape of the molecule in its entirety. The properties discussed in the previous Chapter i.e., viscosity, diffusion, sedimentation, and light scattering — can all furnish information on the overall shape of proteins or other macromolecules and changes in this shape with environment. Thus Doty, Bradbury and Holtzer (1956) were able to show using these methods, together with streaming birefringence, that poly-γ-benzyl-L-glutamate could exist in two conformations, the α-helix and the solvated randomly coiled form, depending on the solvent. The change from α-helix to random coil was accompanied by marked changes in the optical rotatory properties of the polypeptides. It is to be expected that an α-helical structure should contribute to the rotatory power of a polypeptide since helices are asymmetric and not superimposable on their mirror images. The work on polypeptides has shown that rotatory dispersion is capable of providing information on the folding of the polypeptide chain in proteins and the changes accompanying denaturation.
1 citations