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Modern methods of plant analysis

About: The article was published on 1964-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 1991 citations till now.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A visual survey of 562 lambs of known parentage established that the progeny of 3 Romney rams wIth Romney dams had yellower fat than the progeni of 31 other sires of 5 different breeds mated to Romney ewes, and the estimated heritability of yellow fat was 0.18.
Abstract: A survey has indicated that approximately 1 in 1000 New Zealand Iamb carcasses are rejected for export for excessively yellow fat and high incidences of 5-10% are occasionally reported on individual farms. Phase distribution characteristics and absorption spectra of omental fat pigments from 19 lambs showing yellowness confirmed the presence of xanthophylls. Evidence is presented for a higher level of pigment in the perirenal fat than omental fat. A visual survey of 562 lambs of known parentage, backed by tintometer readings and chemical measurements on a sample of the lambs, established that the progeny of 3 Romney rams wIth Romney dams had yellower fat than the progeny of 31 other sires of 5 different breeds mated to Romney ewes. The estimated heritability of yellow fat based on the visual scores was 0.18. In general, the lambs studied had very much whiter fat than is commonly Iecorded in cattle.

52 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Protein patterns of callus from corn inbreds that are either resistant or susceptible to fall armyworm were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis and showed a significant negative correlation between the concentration of the 33-kD protein in the callus and the weight of the larvae feeding on thecallus.
Abstract: Protein patterns of callus from corn (Zea mays L) inbreds that are either resistant or susceptible to fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda [JE Smith]) were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis Fall armyworm larvae reared on callus initiated from resistant inbreds were significantly smaller than those reared on callus of susceptible inbreds A 33-kD protein found in callus from the resistant inbreds Mp704 and Mp708 was absent in callus from the susceptible inbreds Tx601 and Ab24E However, a 36-kD protein found in Ab24E callus immunoreacted with polyclonal antibody raised against the 33-kD protein When Mp704 nonfriable callus changed to friable, larval growth was not inhibited and the 33-kD protein was absent There was a significant negative correlation between the concentration of the 33-kD protein in the callus and the weight of the larvae feeding on the callus in the F2 progeny of Mp704 x Tx601 The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the 33-kD protein suggested that it was cysteine proteinase Purification of the 33- (Mp708) and 36-kD (Ab24E) proteins indicated that they were both cysteine proteinases The 33-kD cysteine proteinase had 7-fold higher specific activity than the 36-kD enzyme

52 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Advances in analytical instrumentation, in particular chromatography, followed by electronic detection methods, have speeded studies, culminating in metabolic profiling, ("metabolomics"), and the huge array of chemical constituents isolated from plants combined with morphological and cytological data take their place as part of the overall Natural History of the organism in its environment.

52 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a detailed review of the nature and determination of components of plant cuticles is presented, including surface waxy materials, cuticular membranes, and cutin in the membranes is determined by saponification.
Abstract: Quantitative methods are described for the determination of waxy substances and cutin in plant cuticles. Surface waxy materials are obtained by immersing leaves or fruits in chloroform at room temperature; waxy substances embedded within the cuticles of fruits are recovered by further extraction of the skin after surface washing. Acidic materials are removed from the extract, and true wax and “oil” fractions are obtained by partition between n-heptane and methanol. The cuticular membranes are then separated by treatment with ammonium oxalate-oxalic acid solution, and the cutin in the membranes is determined by saponification. Work by other investigators on the nature and determination of components of plant cuticles is reviewed.

52 citations

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1982
TL;DR: In this paper, it was proposed and generally accepted that hexosyl moieties found in a particular polysaccharide were converted by in situ oxidation to corresponding polyuronides and the latter then yielded pentosans by decarboxylation.
Abstract: As soon as information became available at the beginning of this century concerning the structure of the different monosaccharide moieties of complex plant polysaccharides, hypotheses were advanced to explain the origin of the various hexoses, hexuronic acids, and pentoses which are present in such vast abundance in plants It was proposed and generally accepted that hexosyl moieties found in a particular polysaccharide were converted by in situ oxidation to the corresponding polyuronides and the latter then yielded pentosans by decarboxylation Thus in the d-glucose series of hexoses, cellulose, a linear (1→4)-β-D-glucan, would be converted to a polyglucuronide which upon decarboxylation would yield d-xylan A similar sequence of reactions was thought to be responsible for the conversion of polymers in the d-galactose series to poly-d-galacturonides such as pectic acid, which would be expected to produce l-arabinans upon decarboxylation

52 citations

References
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Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1963
TL;DR: In this article, a physiologischer Vorgang auf eine enzymatische Wirkung zuruckgefuhrt werden (vgl. S. 301), besteht die folgende Aufgabe darin, Naheres uber die Eigenschaften des beteiligten Enzyms zu ermitteln.
Abstract: Kann ein physiologischer Vorgang auf eine enzymatische Wirkung zuruckgefuhrt werden (vgl. S. 301), so besteht die folgende Aufgabe darin, Naheres uber die Eigenschaften des beteiligten Enzyms zu ermitteln. Hierzu gehoren die Bestimmung der Reaktions- und Substratspezifitat sowie die Ermittlung der Bedingungen, unter denen eine optimale Wirkung des Enzyms gegeben ist. Wesentlich zur Charakterisierung ist ferner die Untersuchung der Stabilitat des Enzyms und dabei insbesondere die Feststellung, ob es sich um ein Ferment handelt, das zur vollen Aktivitat dialysable Cofaktoren benotigt. Falls diese Frage bejaht wird, ist auch die Bestimmung der unerlaslichen Cofaktoren anzuschliesen. Uberdies bietet auch der Nachweis der Lokalisation des Enzyms in der Zelle (oder im Zellverband) eine entscheidende Moglichkeit zur Charakterisierung des Fermentes. Hinzu kommt schlieslich noch die Untersuchung der Wirkung einzelner Inhibitoren1 auf das Enzym, die zu weitgehender Klarung des Reaktionsmechanismus beitragen kann und eine Abgrenzung der Eigenschaften des untersuchten Fermentes gegenuber ahnlichen Enzymen erlaubt.

2 citations

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1962
TL;DR: Optical rotation has been found to be one of the most convenient methods of following the denaturation of proteins and rotatory dispersion is capable of providing information on the folding of the polypeptide chain in proteins and the changes accompanying denaturation.
Abstract: Optical rotation has been found to be one of the most convenient methods of following the denaturation of proteins. Generally speaking denaturation can be defined as a process or sequence of processes in which the spatial arrangement of the polypeptide chains within the molecule is changed from that typical of the native protein to a more disordered arrangement (Kauzmann 1959). The terms “configuration”, “conformation” and “state of folding” are widely used for spatial arrangement. It is probably best to follow the suggestion of Blout (1960) and restrict the use of “configuration” to its original sense, i.e. the spatial arrangement around an asymmetric carbon atom, and to use “conformation” for the shape of the molecule in its entirety. The properties discussed in the previous Chapter i.e., viscosity, diffusion, sedimentation, and light scattering — can all furnish information on the overall shape of proteins or other macromolecules and changes in this shape with environment. Thus Doty, Bradbury and Holtzer (1956) were able to show using these methods, together with streaming birefringence, that poly-γ-benzyl-L-glutamate could exist in two conformations, the α-helix and the solvated randomly coiled form, depending on the solvent. The change from α-helix to random coil was accompanied by marked changes in the optical rotatory properties of the polypeptides. It is to be expected that an α-helical structure should contribute to the rotatory power of a polypeptide since helices are asymmetric and not superimposable on their mirror images. The work on polypeptides has shown that rotatory dispersion is capable of providing information on the folding of the polypeptide chain in proteins and the changes accompanying denaturation.

1 citations