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Book ChapterDOI

Modified Cuckoo Search Algorithm for Fittest Relay Identification in Microgrid

01 Jan 2017-pp 81-87
TL;DR: This paper aims to identify the best fit relay suitable for a microgrid using modified cuckoo search algorithm based on key parameters like current rating, Time Multiplier Setting (TMS), Plug Setting Multipliers (PSM) and time of operation (top).
Abstract: Microgrid is a group of interconnected generating units and loads at the distribution level which operates in two modes—Grid connected mode and Islanded mode. Fault clearance in a microgrid is a key challenge for protection engineers. This paper aims to identify the best fit relay suitable for a microgrid using modified cuckoo search algorithm based on key parameters like current rating, Time Multiplier Setting (TMS), Plug Setting Multiplier (PSM) and time of operation (top). This algorithm aids in providing suitable relay coordination in microgrid and clears the faulty portion of network effectively from the healthy portion of network.
Citations
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Proceedings ArticleDOI
01 Mar 2018
TL;DR: IoT is used to solve the issues of microgrid reconfiguration occurring due to faults, changing energy usage patterns and inclusion and removal of DERs by using suitable processor based technology.
Abstract: Microgrids comprise low voltage distribution systems with distributed energy resources (DER) and controllable loads which can operate connected to the medium voltage grid or islanded in a controlled and coordinated way [1]. Microgrids are controlled units which report their current state to a central control unit called Central Protection Centre (CPC) thus increasing reliability of the system. This feature also increases the controllability, security and ease of power flow. By connecting load centers to a microgrid, uninterrupted power is supplied to households and industries with reduction in energy theft, interruptions and loss in energy. However the challenge lies in automating the entire process of monitoring, protection and control of all the grid parameters. This becomes more critical with inclusion of DERs as they are inconsistent sources of energy. In this paper the concepts of Internet of Things(IoT) is used to solve the issues of microgrid reconfiguration occurring due to faults, changing energy usage patterns and inclusion and removal of DERs. By using suitable processor based technology it is aimed to automate the process, reduce the cost and size of establishment and reduce the overall cost of energy to the supplier.

5 citations


Cites background from "Modified Cuckoo Search Algorithm fo..."

  • ...A great challenge lies in the protection of grid as it should respond to the fault of utility grid as well as renewable sources [1-5]....

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Proceedings ArticleDOI
01 Jul 2017
TL;DR: The optimum time coordination of overcurrent relay in distribution network solved using Differential Evolution method and Dual Simplex method is presented in this paper.
Abstract: Overcurrent (OC) relay plays a major role in power distribution system. It protects electrical power systems against excessive current which are caused by faults like short circuits, ground faults, etc. It is necessary to clear the fault within a least possible time. The optimum time coordination of overcurrent relay in distribution network solved using Differential Evolution method and Dual Simplex method is presented in this paper. These methods are used to find the optimized values of time multiplier settings (TMS) of relays using linear programming problem (LPP). Differential evolution considers the present existing constraints to form the optimized values using mutation mechanism. Dual simplex gives the optimum solution without introducing any artificial variables. Differential Evolution and Dual simplex technique are presented in this paper for optimum time coordination of OC relays in a radial fed distribution system.

3 citations


Cites background or methods from "Modified Cuckoo Search Algorithm fo..."

  • ...Depending on the location of relay the relays are of two types: primary relay and backup relay [3-4]....

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  • ...Generally this method is particularly used for re-optimizing a problem after a constraint is added or some parameters are changed so that the previously optimal basis is no longer feasible [4]....

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Proceedings ArticleDOI
01 Jul 2017
TL;DR: This paper implements Big M and Revised Simplex method for optimum time coordination of overcurrent relays in a distribution network and identifies the optimized time multiplier setting (TMS) of the relay.
Abstract: Suitable protection system is a must to protect people and primary electric power equipment from disaster or damage Most frequent faults that occur in the distribution system are overcurrent faults Overcurrent (OC) relays are used significantly in protecting power distribution system from frequently caused faults like short circuits, ground faults, etc Optimization algorithms maybe used to minimize the time of operation of relays This paper implements Big M and Revised Simplex method for optimum time coordination of overcurrent relays in a distribution network and identifies the optimized time multiplier setting (TMS) of the relay This helps in quick coordination of overcurrent relays and also fast fault clearance

2 citations


Cites background from "Modified Cuckoo Search Algorithm fo..."

  • ...Hence proper relay coordination is required to achieve proper fault identification and fault isolation [4-5]....

    [...]

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2018
TL;DR: Brute force algorithm and simulated annealing algorithm are implemented on a radial network to optimize the time dial setting (TDS) of relays, helping to maintain coordination among OC relays in the network.
Abstract: With the advancement of technology, the electrical world has grown colossally through invention and optimization, hence adopting to the changing environment. With the arrival of power grids, smart grids, micro-grids, etc., there has always been a baggage of responsibility on the protection engineers to come up with a novel, operative, and optimized way to clean faults in the distribution on transmission lines, which focuses on maintaining a maximum tripping time for the point located at the farthest position from the actual location of the fault. Radial networks are susceptible to overcurrent fault conditions. So, for the protection against the faults, the overcurrent relays are used. For a power-protection engineer, it is imperative to maintain and optimize the coordination time interval (CTI) between relays in the course of overcurrent relay coordination. For the clearance of the fault, optimization algorithms are often fetched. In this paper, brute force algorithm and simulated annealing algorithm are implemented on a radial network to optimize the time dial setting (TDS) of relays. Thus, helping to maintain coordination among OC relays in the network.

2 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: Dual Simplex and Revised Simplex optimization techniques are used to optimize the TMS value of relays and thereby to achieve quick fault clearance in overcurrent (OC) Relays.
Abstract: Overcurrent faults are predominant in microgrid systems and high currents may cause damage to devices. Therefore, protection system for microgrids is required to isolate the devices from faults in the system. It is also critical to provide necessary primary and backup protection systems with proper time grading to isolate such faults. Overcurrent (OC) Relays are frequently used in microgrids and it is necessary to optimize the time multiplier setting (TMS) of relays, which in turn minimizes the time of operation of the relays. In this paper, Dual Simplex and Revised Simplex optimization techniques are used to optimize the TMS value of relays and thereby to achieve quick fault clearance. The optimized TMS values of relays are obtained using Dual Simplex and Revised Simplex methods.

2 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A new robust optimisation algorithm, which can be regarded as a modification of the recently developed cuckoo search, is presented and shows a high convergence rate to the true global minimum even at high numbers of dimensions.
Abstract: A new robust optimisation algorithm, which can be regarded as a modification of the recently developed cuckoo search, is presented. The modification involves the addition of information exchange between the top eggs, or the best solutions. Standard optimisation benchmarking functions are used to test the effects of these modifications and it is demonstrated that, in most cases, the modified cuckoo search performs as well as, or better than, the standard cuckoo search, a particle swarm optimiser, and a differential evolution strategy. In particular the modified cuckoo search shows a high convergence rate to the true global minimum even at high numbers of dimensions.

508 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper presents continuous genetic algorithm (CGA) technique for optimum coordination of OCR in a ring fed distribution system and it is shown that the CGA is inherently faster than binary Genetic Algorithm (GA) because the chromosomes do not have to be decoded.
Abstract: Overcurrent relays (OCR) are the major protection devices in a distribution system. To reduce the power outages, mal-operation of the backup relays should be avoided, and therefore, OCR time coordination in power distribution network is a major concern of protection engineer. The OCR time coordination in ring fed distribution networks is a highly constrained optimization problem. The purpose is to find an optimum relay setting to minimize the time of operation of relays and at the same time, to avoid the mal-operation of relays. This paper presents continuous genetic algorithm (CGA) technique for optimum coordination of OCR in a ring fed distribution system. Constraints are incorporated in the fitness function making use of the penalty method. The CGA is inherently faster than binary genetic algorithm (GA) because the chromosomes do not have to be decoded. Also the CGA gives an advantage of requiring less storage than binary GA.

124 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The proposed modified cuckoo search algorithm (MCSA) can be a new efficient method for solving short-term fixed-head hydrothermal scheduling problems and can obtain higher quality solutions than many other methods.

81 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a central protection center (CPC) is incorporated whose function is to monitor the MG continuously, identify fault occurrence, and locate the exact faulted branch, which is capable of clearing the fault by disconnecting minimum portion of the network and ensuring continuity of supply to a majority of loads.
Abstract: Decentralization of electric power is possible with the penetration of distributed generators (DGs) in the microgrid (MG) network. Reconfiguration of MG poses a key challenge in identifying suitable protection schemes for varying the topology of the network. In this paper, a central protection center (CPC) is incorporated whose function is to monitor the MG continuously, identify fault occurrence, and locate the exact faulted branch. The proposed Prim-aided Dijkstra algorithm executed continuously in the CPC is responsible for identifying the current topology of the network and aids in identifying the shortest route from the faulted point to the nearest operating source. The CPC is also responsible for adaptively varying the settings of the relays existing in the shortest path identified based on their selectivity levels. This heuristic algorithm is validated on IEEE 21-bus and 40-bus MG test systems for all possible topologies and faults. The proposed algorithm is capable of clearing the fault by disconnecting minimum portion of the network and ensuring continuity of supply to a majority of loads.

74 citations

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: A Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) based intelligent controller for overcurrent (OC) protection of a radial distribution system is realized and when a fault is detected in the network, the FPGA based adaptive and intelligent controller performs the OC relay coordination and trips the appropriate circuit breakers of the system.
Abstract: In this paper, a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) based intelligent controller for overcurrent (OC) protection of a radial distribution system is realized. This controller monitors the radial distribution network continuously and when a fault is detected in the network, the FPGA based adaptive and intelligent controller performs the OC relay coordination and trips the appropriate circuit breakers of the system. The FPGA based digital prototype relay for overcurrent protection is realized with Atlys Digilent Spartan-6 FPGA kit. The performance of the FPGA based overcurrent protection technique for a 4-bus radial distribution system is compared with that of the conventional dual simplex algorithm. The proposed FPGA based overcurrent protection algorithm is also tested for an IEEE 33-bus radial distribution network.

26 citations