Modified sulfur cement encapsulation of mixed waste contaminated incinerator fly ash
TL;DR: In this article, a process using modified sulfur cement, a thermoplastic material with a melting point of 119°C, was described to encapsulate incinerator fly ash waste, with a small quantity of sodium sulfide added to enhance retention of soluble metal salts.
About: This article is published in Waste Management.The article was published on 1991-01-01. It has received 28 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Fly ash & Mixed waste.
Citations
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TL;DR: A review of stabilization/solidification (S/S) methods for the treatment of hazardous and other wastes from industry, municipalities, and government sources can be found in this article.
Abstract: The processes and techniques of stabilization/solidification (S/S) have matured into an accepted, and important, part of environmental technology. As a result, a great many S/S methods have been promoted recently and offered for the treatment of hazardous and other wastes from industry, municipalities, and government sources. The purpose of this article is review these methods critically in light of the current regulatory atmosphere that controls and often mandates their use. An overview of the technology is provided. The generic and proprietary S/S processes (chemical processes, physical processes, and thermal processes) are described. Of these, six generic chemical processes dominate the field and encompass nearly all of the treatment work and proprietary products to date: Portland cement, cement/fly ash, cement/soluble silicate, lime/flyash, kiln dust, and phosphate. Current and anticipated major waste streams using S/S technology today are summarized. The S/S approach for each of these are reviewed. F...
202 citations
TL;DR: The history of S/S for use on hazardous waste residues dates only from about 1970, when the EPA was established as mentioned in this paper, although real implementation did not occur until after 1980 with the promulgation of regulations for a Federal hazardous waste management system under Subtitle C of RCRA with the passage of HSWA in 1984 and the subsequent LDR regulations beginning in 1985, and CERCLA and SARA and their regulations.
Abstract: The processes and techniques of S/S matured into an accepted, and important, part of environmental technology How this came about is both interesting and instructive for those working this discipline as well as others fascinated by a technical area that is still part art and part science With few exceptions, the history of S/S for use on hazardous waste residues dates only from about 1970, when the EPA was established Most of the impetus for S/S of hazardous wastes was provided when the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act was passed in 1976, although real implementation did not occur until after 1980 with the promulgation of regulations for a Federal hazardous waste management system under Subtitle C of RCRA With the passage of the HSWA in 1984 and the subsequent LDR regulations beginning in 1985, and CERCLA and SARA and their regulations, most of the present regulatory system came into being The most recent, and far reaching, ramifications of regulation with respect to S/S are due to the Land Dis
111 citations
TL;DR: A new process to immobilize elemental mercury wastes, including those contaminated with radionuclides, in a form that is non-dispersible, will meet EPA leaching criteria, and has low mercury vapor pressure is described.
76 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the potential use of sulfur as a solidifying agent for hazardous waste was evaluated experimentally, and the results indicated that the manufactured sulfur polymer cement is an excellent candidate for: waste management practices such as solidification/stabilization of hazardous waste; barrier systems for landfilling of waste; and waste water treatment plants.
Abstract: Existing uses for sulfur are relatively advanced and offer limited opportunities to consume significant new supplies. Currently, sulfur is in net surplus on a global basis, and with environmental regulations, greater sulfur recovery from petroleum and gas processing is mandated. The outlook is clear: there will be substantial and growing surpluses in global sulfur supply in the foreseeable future. Sulfur prices are likely to be under pressure, and producers could face substantial and growing disposal fees. Therefore, new markets must be found for sulfur to avoid disposal crises. One potential new market is the production of sulfur-solidified concrete. This is a thermoplastic composite of mineral aggregates bound together with chemically modified sulfur. The product is more durable than Portland cement. There may be monetizeable benefits in reducing greenhouse gas emissions that would enhance the attraction of sulfur solidified cement applications. The main objective of this study is to evaluate experimentally the potential use of sulfur as a solidifying agent for hazardous waste. To achieve this objective, the study reviewed the sulfur concrete literature, analyzed locally produced sulfur, evaluated a number of sulfur polymer modifiers and physical stabilizing agents, designed a set of experiments and evaluated the produced product for its hydro-mechanical-chemical properties. The results indicated that the manufactured sulfur polymer cement is an excellent candidate for: waste management practices such as solidification/stabilization of hazardous waste; barrier systems for landfilling of hazardous waste; and waste water treatment plants.
48 citations
Cites background from "Modified sulfur cement encapsulatio..."
...Additionally, it is a waste produced by the nuclear industry and is recognized as an environmental pollutant ( Kalb et al. 1991 )....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the effectiveness of using sulfur polymer cement (SPC) as a binder to stabilize/solidify lead-contaminated soils has been addressed, and it was shown that additives such as sodium sulfide or sodium sulfite, could be used to greatly enhance the ability of SPC to react chemically with lead contaminants, and physicochemically to bind these compounds.
44 citations
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01 Sep 1976
TL;DR: In this paper, the preparation and testing of sulfur concretes were investigated by the Bureau of Mines as one part of a sulfur utilization program, and the results showed that modified sulfur concrete had properties equal to or better than those of unmodified sulfur concrete and Portland cement concrete depending on the types of aggregate used.
Abstract: The preparation and testing of sulfur concretes were investigated by the Bureau of Mines as one part of a sulfur utilization program. Modified sulfur concretes were developed by reacting the sulfur with unsaturated hydrocarbons before mixing the molten sulfur and hot aggregate. Physical properties of optinum mixes for both sulfur concrete and modified sulfur concretes, prepared with various aggregates, were determined and compared with Portland cement concretes. The resultant modified sulfur concretes had properties equal to or better than those of unmodified sulfur concretes and Portland cement concrete depending on the types of aggregate used.
15 citations