Modifying role of Phyllanthus emblica and ascorbic acid against nickel clastogenicity in mice.
TL;DR: Aqueous extract of edible dried fruits of Phyllanthus emblica was fed to Mus musculus for seven consecutive days prior to treatment with different doses of nickel chloride, finding the greater efficacy of the fruit extract could be due to the interaction of its various natural components rather than to any single constituent.
About: This article is published in Cancer Letters.The article was published on 1991-07-26. It has received 59 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Dried fruit & Ascorbic acid.
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TL;DR: The data suggests that ellagic acid act as an effective chelating agent in suppressing nickel-induced renal and hepatic biochemical alterations and maintains cell membrane integrity through sequestration of metal ions from the extracellular fluid.
Abstract: Nickel, a major environmental pollutant is known for its clastogenic, toxic and carcinogenic potentials. The present investigation shows that ellagic acid proves to be exceptional in the amelioration of the nickel-induced biochemical alterations in serum, liver and kidney. Administration of nickel (250 micromol Ni/kg body wt) to female Wistar rats, resulted in increase in the reduced glutathione (GSH) content [kidney (*P<0.05) and liver (**P<0.001)] and Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities [kidney and liver, (**P<0.001)]. Ellagic acid treatment to the intoxicated rats leads to the formation of soluble ellagic acid-metal complex which facilitates excretion of nickel from the cell or tissue, thus ameliorating nickel-induced toxicity, as evident from the down regulation of GSH content, GST and GR activities with concomitant restoration of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in liver and kidney. Our data shows that ellagic acid maintains cell membrane integrity through sequestration of metal ions from the extracellular fluid, as evident from the alleviated levels of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) when compared to nickel treated group. Similarly, the enhanced blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine levels that are indicative of renal injury showed a reduction of about 45 and 40%, respectively. The data also show that treatment of ellagic acid after 30 min of nickel administration exhibits maximum inhibition in a dose-dependent manner. In summary, our data suggests that ellagic acid act as an effective chelating agent in suppressing nickel-induced renal and hepatic biochemical alterations.
49 citations
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TL;DR: The Ayurvedic medicine “Rajanyamalakadi” has showed significant antidiabetic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects and significant ameliorating effects on the elevated serum AST and ALT activities were also demonstrated by the treatment.
Abstract: A study was undertaken for evaluating the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of an ayurvedic medicine “Rajanyamalakadi” containing Curcuma longa, Emblica officinalis and Salacia oblonga in type II diabetic patients over a period of 3 months. Ethical committee consent for the study was given by the Director, Indian Systems of Medicine, Kerala. A total of 43 patients with established diabetes mellitus as adjudged from clinical features and FBS values, appeared for the camp (Age group 35–75 yrs). An informed consent for the study was obtained from each patient. The clinical proforma was given to each patient to collect data such as height, weight, diet pattern, previous history of illness etc. The ongoing antidiabetic medications were stopped under medical supervision and the patients were provided with ‘Rajanyamalakadi’ tablets (dose 1–2 tablets each weighing 500mg). The dosage of the drug was decided by the supervising medical officer on a case to case basis, taking note of the clinical conditions and responsiveness of the patients. The patients were monitored for three months, who were divided into 6 groups based on their age and again into two groups, 5 & 6, based on their mean FBS values. ie; Normal Persons, Diabetics of age groups 35–45yrs, 46–55yrs, >55yrs and those with FBS 145.9 mg%. The Ayurvedic medicine “Rajanyamalakadi” has showed significant antidiabetic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects. In addition to that significant ameliorating effects on the elevated serum AST and ALT activities were also demonstrated by the treatment. The nutraceuticals present in the drug like Terpenoids, Polyphenols, Curcumin etc are responsible for the medicinal effects.
48 citations
Cites background from "Modifying role of Phyllanthus embli..."
...officinalis extracts are found to reduce the toxicity and clastogenicity induced by heavy metals also (18)....
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TL;DR: Dietary supplementation with extract of fruit of Emblica officinalis Gaertn (a rich source of vitamin C) to mice in vivo significantly reduced the cytotoxic effects of a known carcinogen, 3,4-benzo(a)pyrene.
Abstract: Dietary supplementation with extract of fruit of Emblica officinalis Gaertn. (a rich source of vitamin C) to mice in vivo significantly reduced the cytotoxic effects of a known carcinogen, 3,4-benzo(a)pyrene. Age-matched Swiss albino mice were fed by gavaging the fruit extract daily for 28 days. From day 9, one dose of the carcinogen was given on alternate days up to a total of eight doses. On day 29, all mice were transferred to normal diet. Control sets received the extract alone, the carcinogen alone and olive oil alone. All mice were sacrificed at 12 weeks and 14 weeks after the end of the experiment. Chromosome preparations were made from bone marrow after the usual colchicine-hypotonic-fixative-air drying-Giemsa staining schedule. Cytogenetic end points screened were the frequencies of chromosomal aberrations and of damaged cells induced. The cytotoxic effects were significantly lower in the mice given the fruit extract with the carcinogen than in those given the carcinogen alone.
48 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, an attempt has been made to study the dehydration of aonla (Indian gooseberry) fruits, which contains a very high amount of vitamin C, which is highly volatile and susceptible to heat.
Abstract: In the present work an attempt has been made to study the dehydration of aonla (Indian gooseberry) fruits. Aonla fruits, being highly perishable, cannot be kept for long periods. Aonla contains a very high amount of vitamin C, which is highly volatile and susceptible to heat. Sun drying required the longest period of drying (660 min), while the shortest time of drying is with fluidized bed drying at 80°C with 115 m/min air velocity (120 min). The results indicate that there is great loss of most of the ascorbic acid in the aonla slices. This suggests that the drying exposure caused the loss of volatile biochemical compounds. The retention of ascorbic acid in the samples dried in fluidized bed drying is greater compared to those dried under sun and hot air tray.
46 citations
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TL;DR: Results indicated that citral significantly inhibited the formation of micronuclei induced by nickel, and a good superoxide scavenging activity was observed in citral treated groups, suggesting that the antioxidant action could be responsible for the anti-clastogenic effect of citral against nickel chloride.
Abstract: Citral is a major component of Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass oil) The aqueous suspension of citral (60 mg/kg body weight, per oral) treated for one week was tested for the anti-clastogenic effect using mouse micronucleus test system A known mutagen nickel (Nickel chloride-10 mg/kg, bw intra-peritoneal) was used to induce the nuclear damage measured in polychromatic erythrocytes and normochromatic erythrocytes The frequency of the micronucleated erythrocytes were studied in peripheral blood and bone marrow after 24, 48 and 72 hours of mutagenic exposure The antioxidant activity of citral was tested in vitro by superoxide scavenging method The results indicated that citral significantly (P<001) inhibited the formation of micronuclei induced by nickel Further, a good superoxide scavenging activity (EC50=19 mcg/ml) was observed in citral treated groups, suggesting that the antioxidant action could be responsible for the anti-clastogenic effect of citral against nickel chloride
43 citations
Cites background or methods from "Modifying role of Phyllanthus embli..."
...No: 903161, Nice Chemicals, Cochin, India) was dissolved in distilled water and administered by intra-peritoneal route (Dhir et al., 1991)....
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..., 2003), phyllantus emblica (Dhir et al., 1991) and ascorbic acid (Vijayalaxmi and Venu, 1991 and Perminova et al....
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...Prolonged exposure of Ni has been reported to show various toxicities such as renal, teratogenic, cardiovascular, pulmonary, carcinogenic and mutagenic effects (Dhir et al., 1991)....
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References
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TL;DR: Dietary intake of natural antioxidants could be an important aspect of the body's defense mechanism against these agents of cancer and other age-related diseases.
Abstract: The human diet contains a great variety of natural mutagens and carcinogens, as well as many natural antimutagens and anticarcinogens. Many of these mutagens and carcinogens may act through the generation of oxygen radicals. Oxygen radicals may also play a major role as endogenous initiators of degenerative processes, such as DNA damage and mutation (and promotion), that may be related to cancer, heart disease, and aging. Dietary intake of natural antioxidants could be an important aspect of the body’s defense mechanism against these agents. Many antioxidants are being identified as anticarcinogens. Characterizing and optimizing such defense systems may be an important part of a strategy of minimizing cancer and other age-related diseases.
2,924 citations
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01 Jan 1976TL;DR: Micronuclei originate from chromatin which for different reasons has been lagging in anaphase, and in the course of telophase this material is included into one or the other daughter cell where it either can fuse with the main nucleus or form one or several secondary nuclei.
Abstract: Micronuclei originate from chromatin which for different reasons has been lagging in anaphase (Fig. la-d). In the course of telophase this material is included into one or the other daughter cell where it either can fuse with the main nucleus or form one or several secondary nuclei. These are, as a rule, considerably smaller than the principal nucleus and are therefore called micronuclei. Lagging has two main causes: chromosome breakage and malfunction of the spindle apparatus. In the first case the lagging elements are acentric chromosome fragments and di- or multicentrics connected by bridges, and in the second case they consist of entire chromosomes.
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352 citations
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TL;DR: In this chapter, inhibitors of mutagenesis and carcinogenesis that can arise as components of diet have been reviewed and most of the inhibitors have been demonstrated to be effective against a specific class of mutagens or carcinogens.
Abstract: Dietary inhibitors of mutagenesis and carcinogenesis are of particular interest because they may be useful for human cancer prevention. Several mutagenesis inhibitors have been demonstrated to be carcinogenesis inhibitors also, e.g., ellagic acid, palmitoleic acid, and N-acetylcysteine. This means that the search for mutagenesis inhibitors may be useful for discovering anticarcinogenic agents. Many mutagenesis inhibitors have been discovered by the use of short-term assays, particularly the Ames Salmonella test. This simple in vitro system has provided opportunities to elucidate the mechanisms of inhibition. The elucidation of the mechanism may allow us to infer the possible anticarcinogenic activity of the reagent. In this chapter, inhibitors of mutagenesis and carcinogenesis that can arise as components of diet have been reviewed. Most of the inhibitors have been demonstrated to be effective against a specific class of mutagens or carcinogens. Therefore, it may be argued that these inhibitors are antagonistic only to those particular agents. Here again, understanding of the mechanisms of these inhibitions is necessary for the assessment. Dietary inhibitors reviewed in this article include: (1) as inhibitors of mutagenesis: porphyllins, fatty acids, vitamins, polyphenols, and sulfhydryl compounds, (2) as inhibitors of carcinogenesis: vitamins A, E and C, ellagic acid, sulfhydryl compounds, fats, selenium, calcium, and fiber. Further studies in this area of science appear to help establish the recipe of a healthy diet.
310 citations